• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 2016

There has been many researchs about "朱子家禮" providing the basic mannerism in Josun Dynasty era and influencing rituals to communicate ancestors. However, the arrangement of ritual has not been researched and understood as formality. In this study, the Yin, Yang and the five element theory was researched in the perspective of understanding in the universe order and ancient astronomy that provided the academic basic and idea in the era to understand the arrangement of the ritual, and based on this, the arrangement in "朱子家禮" was analysed. As a result, it was confirmed that the arrangement in ritual was made by the structure of symbol of Yin, Yang and five elements, which is the logic of order in universe people understood at that time. Through this, by understanding the meaning of the arrangement in ritual, the ritual culture would be properly understood and passed to next generation despite of changes in culture.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.5
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• pp.281-306
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• 1996

A study on the effect of the Sun-Moon-Stars(日月星辰) in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") on the formation of the Yunqi theory(運氣理論) have revealed following conclusions. 1. There was a record of Stars(星辰) written by Gabgol-Character(甲骨文字) in the Yin(殷) Dynasty. But the very first documentary records of Stars(星辰) is Shu Jing("書經"). Ancient astronomy had the tendency of astrology of combined with theory of the Five Elements(五行) and finally effects the theory of formation of Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經"). 2. Shu Jing("書經") said that Junrak(錢樂) made an Armillary sphere(運天儀) in the Sung(宋) Dynasty. And in the Jin(秦) and the Han(漢) Dynasty, they already observed the stars. The Sunkiokhyung(璿機玉衡) which is machinery of star-observing, became to be called an Armillary sphere (運天儀) by the pass of times. 3. As of the theory of the Cosmos-structure(宇宙-構造論) in Ohanunhangdaeron("五運行大論"), Guiyugu(鬼兒區) announced the Hypothesis of Covering Heaven(蓋天說) but Kibak(岐伯) supported the Hypothesis of chaosheven's(蓋天說) and in the theory of atmosphere(大氣論) in Ohanunhangdaeron("五運行大論") said that the earth was in Great Empty(太虛) and it was floating in the universe by the Great Chi(大氣). 4. The knowledge about the Five stars(五星) in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") is presented in the section of Gemgwejineonron("金?眞言論"), Gigoupyondaeron("氣交變大論"), Youkwonjeonggidaeron("六元正紀大論").ln the method of identifying the Five stars(五星) presented the criteria of the brightness, the altitude, the colours and the orbit etc. 5. The jupiter which has twelve year's revolution cycle was the basis of determination on the Twelve constellation(12辰), the Twelve field of heaven(12次), the Twelve Houses in the ecliptic(黃道 12宮), the Twelve Earth's Branches(12支) and the Twelve fields of Earth(12分野) and also it became the origin of the duodecimals(12進法). 6. The saturn having about twenty-eight year's revolution cycle became the criterion in identifying the Twenty Eight Constellations(28宿) which was used as the coordinates of the Celestial sphere (天球). 7. By the Percussional movement(歲差運動), the position of polaris and the Vernal-Antumal equinox(春秋分点) were shifted. Therefore the ancient the Heaven Gate-Earth Door(天門-地戶) changed from the position of Sil-Byuk(室壁), Yik-Jin(翼軫). And the precisional movements brought about the concept of the WunHoyYunSe(元會運世) that is a method of dividing a period. Also the precisional movement gave three dimension(三次元) foundation interpreted the Sixty JiaZi (六十甲子) which is revolving through sixty years uniformally. 8. The Hypothesis of the Nine Houses and Eight Winds(九宮八風論) which is one field of the astrology of ancient polaris-nine Houses divination plate(太一九宮占盤) brought about the concept of deficiency and excess and the concept of the Wind Vice(風邪). In the Calendar System(曆法) presented in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") the tropical year of the Sun-Moon-Stars(日月星辰) and the revolution and the rotation of the earth give explanations the changes of Yin-Yang(陰陽) by the use of the ten Celestial branches(十干) and the twelve Earth branches(十二支).

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.39
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• pp.53-83
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• 2013

This paper aims to examine how issues related to the heaven-human relation (or nature-culture relation) affected Joseon intellectuals in the eighteenth century by considering Huang Yun Seok as a reference. As a significant indicator, the heaven-human relation issue has traditionally been a critical theme in the history of Confucianism. Since Huang Yun Seok accepted Western Learning based on Zhuxi Learning, he is a good example for examining this issue. Huang's ideas didn't depart too much from Confucianism, but he naturally became interested in Western Learning because of the enthusiastic admiration he had of Ancient Learning since he was a child. Principle-Number was consistent with Ancient Learning and Western Learning, and this was somewhat different from the original notion of numerology. It was used for understanding and explaining astronomical phenomenon. In understanding astronomical phenomenon, Huang used both fact-determined and value-centered approaches. Western astronomy allowed him to make an advance in terms of fact-determined approach while the value-centered approach gave him a portentological perspective on astronomical variation such as solar and lunar eclipses. This indicates one of the ways to keep Zhuxi Learning's identity itself amidst an inflow of new learnings.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.53-67
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• 2024

Islamic Jamal al-Din zij and Chinese Shoushi-li(授時曆) are astronomical hand books compiled by Jamal al-Din(札馬魯丁) and Guo Shujing(郭守敬) of the Islamic and Chinese Astronomical Bureau in Yuan(元) China, respectively. Jamal al-Din zij is an Islamic zij based on the Almagest of Ptolemaios, while Shoushii-li is a calendrical treatise by the traditional Chinese calendar system. In case of the parallax correction method, however, both of them have a common origin from Indian astronomy in 6-7 Century. This paper examines and discusses the parallax theory and its origin adopted in Jamal al-Din zij and Shoushi-li as following: 1) Definitions of the parallax theory and parallax correction methods. 2) Similarities and origins of the parallax correction methods adopted in the Jamal al-Din zij and Shoushi-li. 3) Comparison of the parallax correction tables included in the Sanjufini zij of Tibet, the Huihui-lifa(回回曆法) of Ming(明) China and the Chiljeongsan-Oepyeon(七政算外篇) of Joseon(朝鮮) Korea. 4) Routes of the parallax theory transmitted from ancient Greece and India to Joseon via Islam world and China, respectively. 5) Astronomical exchanges and mutual influence between the East and the West.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.299-320
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• 2008

We study on the astronomical calendars that was used in the Silla era. The calendars are deduced from the records in Samguksagi. They were influenced from calendaric system of Tang Dynasty, which are Lin duk calendar(麟德曆), Ta yen calendar(大衍曆) and Sun myung calendar(宣明曆). We analyse them in detail according to the time and duration of use. Water clock system of Unified Silla was used four water vessels for supplying water. We found the model from documents on ancient water clock that are appeared in the old Korean, Chinese and Japanese historical records. We have assumed the model of Unified Silla clepsydra is similar type with Chinese records during Tang dynasty and with Japanese reconstructed water clock in Temple Asoka. After fluid dynamic experiment, we decide the suitable diameter of supplying pipe and volume of the vessels used in the clepsydra. We introduce the experimental instruments and methods for accomplishing the clock. We designed and reconstructed the water clock of Unified Silla and float rods for measuring time, that is based on the Silla's calendaric system.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 2011

The astronomical data obtained by observations of celestial objects movements are useful in our daily life. These data - such as 1) sunrise and sunset data, 2) data transformation between lunar calendar and solar calendar, 3) solar eclipse and lunar eclipse data, and 4) sun's altitude and azimuth data - were used to important things in the agricultural society and ancient kingdom. In the modern society, these data have been used continuously for the legal disputes, construction of buildings and the other areas. This is a good example of pure science data using directly in our life. However there are difficulties to public service because all the data were printed as an Almanac. Using MySQL, we constructed web-based service system which makes to use them easily. This database system was made for the quick search using the calculated orbital data of celestial bodies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.52.1-52.1
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• 2012

It is often said that there is little geometrical mind in Korean history. However, a method to project the surface of a sphere onto 2-dimensional plain was applied to the representative Korean star chart or Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido (天象列次分野之圖). The method, called the equi-distant polar projection, was explained in detail in ancient Chinese history book of the Tang dynasty, which was originated from older history. Another method of the Mercator projection was introduced by the famous engineer Su Song (蘇頌) of the Song dynasty. The description has quite geometrical thoughts, especially the concept of infinity or convergence appears, However, this type of sky projection method was not widely used in east Asia. When the European Jesuits came to China to evangelize the Chinese people, they found that the Chinese people paid much attention to advanced European astronomical knowledge. Thus, they introduced the European astronomical knowledges into China, and the star chart was one of them. The projection method of the new charts were quite different from the Chinese tradition. When the Koreans brought those new star chart from China, they must have known the geometrical description of the method. The method was described in detail in a volume of Chongzhen Lishi (崇禎曆書) or Xiyang Xinfa Lishu (西洋新法曆書). The explanation consists of three part. One is the quantitative way; another is a geometrical way using axiomatic systems; and the other is the practical method to draw star chart with the geometical projection. However, when we see the Honcheon Jeondo (渾天全圖) that is thought to be duplicated by Kim Jeongho (金正浩), the new geometrical method was not so widely known to the Koreans. I will discuss the reason why the geometrical minds have not been widely adopted in the Korean civilization.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2017

Comets are one of the most primordial solar system objects that hold the information of the early days of solar system formation inside their nuclei. Orbiting the Sun, they spew such ancient materials that have been buried for many years, creating dust and gas comae. Cometary dust grains absorb and scatter sunlight radiating the continuous light, while gas molecules form the line emissions. Eachof the comets has its own light patterns, which depends on the physical and chemical properties of the dust and gas components. In this regard, spectropolarimetrycan be a powerful tool to study the properties of cometary constituents free from contamination of each other. This methodology offers a series of information on the polarization degrees of the dust and gas components as well as on wavelength dependence of the polarization degree and polarization angle of cometary dust simultaneously. Herein, we will report the results of the spectropolarimetric study of comet 2P/Encke, which is one of the well-known objects for its shortest orbital period and its prominent aging signals. We performed a spectropolarimetric observation of comet 2P/Encke in its inbound orbit using the Higashi-Hiroshima Optical and Near-Infrared Camera (HONIR) at the Higashi-Hiroshima Observatory, Japan, on UT 2017 February 21 at high phase angle of =75.7 deg. Ourstudy of this interesting comet is the first and only one done through spectropolarimetry in a referred publication. We will discuss the most recent polarimetric results of our study in terms of 2P/Encke' scurrent evolutionary status.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2004

The Hun-Min-Jeong-Eum(訓民正音) has been created under the political purpose that is to unite politics and cultures through a philosophical harmony of the confucianism as well as the Buddhism under the periodical circumstance that includes the change of a dynasty and a revolution in culture. The creating work has been greatly affected by the theoretical divination, that is the confucian ideas of North-Song dynasty which has been highly elaborated in those days. The shape of the characters of the Hun-Min-Jeong-Eum(訓民正音) has been influenced by the ancient letters existing at the time (especially Ga-Rim-To 加臨多), it has been throughly readjusted and recreated based on the philosophy. The consonant uses the Three-Pillars(三才)(ㅇ, ㅁ, △) in the style of the five elements and each velar-lingual-labial-dental-guttural sounds (牙舌脣齒喉音) is applicable to five elements also a 'ㅇ' is equivalent to the heaven, a 'ㅁ' to the earth. a '△' to the man. The vowel uses the five elements of ㅗ(water). ㅏ(wood), ㅜ(fire), ㅓ(metal), ㆍ(five-soil), ─(ten-soil) in the style of the Three-Pillars(三才) of ㆍ, ㅡ, ㅣ and the first created letters(初出字), and the secondary created letters(再出字) each can be attached to the eight trigrams(八卦). The consonant has 17 letters and the vowel has 11 letters, therefore the total number of the letters is 28. and those are equivalent to the 28 constellation(二十八宿) of the astronomy. Contrary to the underlying principle that has been applied during the time of the creation of the letters, when the consonant and the vowel are used, the consonant refers to the heaven (天), and the vowel refers to the earth(地). a consonant take a part in making a point on the starting place of the pronounce, a vowel take a part in the keeping the energy to the end.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.824-836
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• 2021

In this study, the use of '心' letter used in classic Chinese book of 『Hwangjenaegyeog』 and its meaning was examined. In Chinese letters, '肉' is a sign that symbolizes the body. The letters '肝', '脾', '肺', and '腎' expressing the five human organs all contain the form of '肉'. So they don't cause semantic confusion. However, the Chinese letter that means heart and mind are written as '心'. As a result, it is difficult to understand the meaning of '心'. In addition, the contents of 『Hwangjenaegyeog』 cover various fields from disease to astronomy. For this reason, a total of 286 '心' letters used in it have various meanings. The results of this study are as follows. First, it means human heart. Second, it means the human chest. Third, it refers to mind. Fourth, it means a transcendent concept like spiritual enlightenment. Fifth, it refers to pericardium. Sixth, it refers to logical thought Seventh, it means center or core, and finally does constellation. in the eastern sky of ancient Asia. The results of this study are thought to be helpful in grasping the meaning of '心' in the classical literature as well as in 『hwangjenaegyeonglyeongchu』.