• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2006

At the age of materialism and ignorance for life, the introspection for the ethics problem of the doctors, is getting more and more attention. It seems that every doctors should have the basic virtues of modesty and benevolence. Such virtues have been stressed throughout the human history, and, apart from the Hipp. ocratic oath of ancient greece, the morality of a doctor is the essential virtue, even for the doctors of western medicine, whose medical technology is based on the materialism. Unlike western medicine, oriental medicine, for its holistic and relative nature, has more 'relative' factors generated from each individual doctors and therefore, tends to be influenced more by the doctors' attitudes. The diagnosis process itself can be influenced by the emotions of patients and doctors, and even the efficacy of the acupuncture treatment itself can be influenced by the conception a doctor has when he/she conduct the treatment. Therefore, in every classics of oriental medicine have stressed the basic 'attitudes of mind' a doctor should have. But, at the time when the western 'natural science' paradigm prevails, it seems to be difficult to educate such state of mind simply by 'understanding' it through books or media. It needs 'shift of concept' through the humane tools of education. Therefore, the present writer would like to consider the effects and influences of meditation as the tools to develop the virtues of oriental doctors, and to investigate the possibility that the virtues achieved by the meditation is the same one as mentioned in many oriental medical classics(not only the attitude for the patients, but also the state of mind a doctor should have during the diagnosis and treatment process).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2007

In the Middle Ages it was customary to cover up the hair, but the Renaissance brought uncovered coiffures with the revival of humanism. In those days, silk and linen veil, ribbon, string of pearl used for covering, wrapping round with the hair. During the Baroque period, the style of hair was to pursue the beauty of imbalance in form, reflecting the atmosphere of the time. Hurluberlu and Fontanges hairstyles were in fashion. Then in the Rococo period, huge, resplendent coiffures of exquisite beauty were invented as a symbol of power, and these modes of hairdo were a dominant force in the culture of personal adornment of that time. Pouf and enfant hairstyles were in fashion. As a reaction against the extravagance of the proceding modes, late 18th and early 19th centuries brought revival of simpler hairstyles of ancient Greece and Rome by the influence of neoclassicism. The latter half of the 1820's onwards saw he reappearance of voluminous coiffures as well as an enormous variation of knots with combinations of false knots and chignons. Late 19th through early 20th centuries was the period of beautifully waved hair, the style of which was an integration of Marcel waves and Art Nouveau. The 20th century saw the epoch-making invention of permanent waves using electricity. Concurrently, with an increasing participation of women in social affairs since pre-and post-World War I periods, as well as with Art Deco in full flourish, bobbed hair was created in pursuit of lightness and nimbleness, quickly showing the change of women's modes of life. Hair fashions thoroughly embody the aesthetic sense of each period, reflecting the landscape of contemporary society.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-4
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to summarize the historical aspects of parabolic reflector moxa and to suggest the applications of light moxibustion in Korean medicine. Results : Getting a fire by parabolic reflector(concave mirror) is well known because of the Olympic torch lighted with a solar reflector in Greece. From anecdotes or myths for Diocles and Archimedes(third century B.C.) a long history has been chronicled in books and films in western culture. However, it has another history in Asian countries since 2,000 years ago. Some reflectors had a tiny size with 6.5 to 10 cm in diameter, 4 mm to 1 cm thickness, and these mobile handheld devices could make us guess that they have been used for multiple purposes. Bronze reflectors were described in Dongeui-bogam, and excavated from the ancient remains of the Shilla and Koryo dynasties. This common firing device was used as a moxibustion device, one of the acupuncture and moxibustion modalities in traditional Korean medicine. Conclusions : Reflector moxa has been used as a light moxibustion to deliver heat energy to acupuncture points, muscles, and skin along meridians. We present a plausible proposal to improve other phototherapy modalities including reflector moxa in Korean medicine practice.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.98-109
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• 2011

To interpret a change of discourse can be a method to understand architectural space in progress. With this idea, features of modern age which motivated sense of the contemporary were considered in this study and subsequently characteristics of contemporary space differentiated from the modern were researched. First of all, features of subject which provided a base of modern thoughts were contemplated. The word 'modern' is used in wide and various terms but basically its core conception consists of reason and universal rationality. The subject of the modem age has vision-centric features just like an ideal representation principle of perspective. Given the fact, it was confirmed that a position to become a right subject, that is, a position controlled by reason existed and that it was to guarantee subject a truth. However, the contemporary subject keeps changing with a purpose of escaping from modern characteristics. It presents a tendency to escape from rationalism of the modern age and Platonism of the ancient Greece which established a basis of western ideology. The subject-centered ideas came to focus on the structure and relationship firmed fundamentally in deep inside of subject. The contemporary subject which escaped from the stiffen ideas bears a meaning through events taking place on immanence surface and serialization. Also, the contemporary architectural space is considered to go abreast with the change and trend. In conclusion, this study proved that features of event-oriented architectural space based on the changing contemporary subject appear as process-based space, user-participated space and individual-cognition space and the like.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.263-277
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• 2000

mathematics holds a key position among the subject-matters of school education. Nevertheless, beyond Its Instrumental one, humanity-educational value of mathematics for the general public has been under estimated. For the past fifty years, in the our country there has not been enough systematic and profound examination and discussion concerning the goals of mathematics education in order to establish the philosophy of mathematics education. Thus, in this thesis we argue how mathematics education could contribute to the humanity education. For this, we examine how western educational theorists have emphasized the value of mathematics as humanity education and how their theories have been reflected in the goals of the modern mathematics education. First of all, we discuss Platonism as a philosophical basis of the traditional mathematics teaching mainly with Euclid's "Elements" since the ancient Greece and the relationship between mathematics education and humanity education in the light of this traditional thought. Next, we examine the thoughts of Pestalozzi, Harbert, Froebel who provided the theoretical basis for the public education since 19th century, and discuss the value of mathematics teaching in their humanistic educational thoughts. Also we examine the humanistic value of mathematics education in Dewey's educational philosophy, which criticized the traditional western ethics and epistemology, and established instrumen talism. Further, we analyze how such a philosophy of mathematics teaching is reflected mathematics education of 20th century, and confirm that the formation of Dewey's rational intelligence is one of the central aims of mathematics education of late 20th century. Finally, we discuss the ideals of humanistic mathematics education ; develop ment of the rational intelligence via 'doing knowledge'and change of mind via 'looking knowledge'. In this paper identify the humanistic values of mathematics education through the historical examination of the philosophies of mathematics education, and we could find significance as a fundamental study for one of the most important problems which Korean mathematics educational society confronts, that is establishing the philosophy of mathematics education.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2004

Geography as a field of learning had its beginnings among the scholars of ancient Greece. The emergence of modern Geography was much due to the collection and classification of information about overseas areas. Today, world regional geography, which may be called area studies in other social sciences, is regarded as an introductory geography course in many American universities. World regional geography, however, has been much neglected by Korean geographers. Many factors have made Korean geographers not concentrate their efforts to area studies. The exterior factors include the great expenses for the area studies' fieldworks, and the many geographers' involvement in the writing of geography textbooks and atlases for school students. The interior factors include all the ethno-centric, mysterious, and authoritarian perspectives a large number of Korean geographers strongly stick to.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.458-484
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• 2001

The costume originated from the idea that it could protect human beings from ferocious beasts. The military costume was from protection against an enemy equipped with weapons. Furthermore, the makers of the costume were afraid of supernatural powers and it made them devise an armour and decorate it by the concept of superstition for the purpose of overcoming it. The function of military uniform was important for increasing the protection against any enemies while they join in battle. However in harmonious time, it represented artwork of peace, dignity, and order. Since the uniform was a king of symbol to show their position, and their role. They could feel proud as a member of a military group they belong to and they gain honor, courage, patriotic sentiment through their military costume. The purpose of this study was to investigate the originality the military costume as it changed and developed continuously from ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome to modern times. This study was performed to show the comparison and characteristic marks of the past, and the influence of them on the modern military uniform. The method used in this study was using past manuscripts of the early times, information attained from domestic and foreign military documents and previously written reports. As a result, the military costume was one of many means of expression of their natural and social environment. It can be said that the most epoche-marking and powerful changes to the social environment are revolution or war. War absolutely has influenced on the changes of the changes of costume and the military armour according to the type of war and the development of weapons. Especially using the amour, the main purpose that of protecting the body has changed into distinguishing our forces from the enemy and instilling fear into enemy, Furthermore, the class who has the power has used it in order to express their power and dignity. Therefore, armour had required two rules to not only protect the body but also discriminating between classes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.147-164
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• 2000

This thesis examines the origin, the change and the symbolic meanings of class representation, and offers a comparative study on the differences of class representation in the history of Korean and western costume on the basis of class representation methods and types shown from ancient times to 18C. In both eastern and western costume, the differences in status are commonly represented in the width and length of costume, color, textile, ornamental design, wearing, decoration, etc. The costume of noble class was wide and long, while that of common class was narrow and short so that it could be convenient for them to move around. Especially, from 16C to 18C in the west the costume of noble class was expanded to the extent that it was inconvenient for them to move around not only by skirt swelling by using hoop, but also by pad, ruff, lace, etc. This appears to show that they are not working class. Wearing and decoration of noble class were much more colorful, complicated and varied, while those of common class were simple and plain. In the west, the wearing of chiton and toga in Greece and Rome was different depending on social status. More specific look at the differences in class representation shown in the eastern and western costume reveals that the higher the rank, the more the women in both Gothic and Chosun period covered the body, thereby representing rank. In 18C, the women in both Rococo and Chosun period commonly showed excessive decoration and lavishness on their hair, and in this period the width of skirt was also commonly expanded to the longest extent, with a slight difference put aside.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.400-410
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• 2017

Bactria was the intersection of transportation between Greece-Iran and Central Asia at the Silk Road. This kingdom was Greek in all of its ruling classes. Because the Greek culture of Bactria spread to India and the east, Bactria was a very important place in ancient civilizations. The purpose of this study is to understand the life and the various cultures of Bactria and the influence of Greek culture on the costumes of Bactria. The research method was approached through the analysis of the empirical data. Data on antiquities were analyzed in European exhibition catalogs and secondary data collected from Internet. The results of this study are as follows: First, the original costume of Bactria was identified in two styles in the reliefs of the Persian Achaemenid. One is the tunic jacket sarapis that goes down to the knee and wide trousers with half-length boots. The other is the Scythian style trousers that looks like a barrel in a Sarapis. Second, in the Bactrian coin depicting the bust of the Bactrians, the hair styles and headgear of the Bactrian kings were analyzed. The Bactrians wore braids with short curly hair and wore Macedonian hats and helmets on them. Third, the relics excavated from the ruins of Ai-Khanuom depicted the forms of the ruling classes of Bactria. The dress styles and hair styles of gods and priests were imitating the form of the Greek costume as it is.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.395-403
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• 2017

Narrators used to take an important role in the theatre of ancient Greece. They gave the audience an important information, explained the situations and conflicts between characters by talking to the audience directly. But in the realism play in the 20th century, which is represented as the 'fourth wall,' anything that can interrupt commitments of the audience such as a narrator, was excluded. However the two representative playwright in the 20th century, Thorton Wilder and Arthur Miller took narrators in their plays, Our Town and A View form the Bridge. This study shows why they adopted narrators in their play, which was unusual at that time and how this form of narrator affects to the meaning of the plays.