• 무역학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2021

This paper investigated the preference change of payment terms in international trade along with counteroffer or first offer conditions of the other parties. Studies on trade payment terms have mainly focused on payment term determination factors such as firm size, product price level, country credit rate, etc. We tried to find other factors affecting payment terms choice, during the negotiation process. We applied behavioral economics theories such as 'Status Quo Bias' and 'Anchoring effect' to build our research model. To prove the existence of the above effects, we proceeded with field experiments to the exporting companies in Alibaba.com. Both 'Status Quo Bias' and 'Anchoring effect' were found in the field experiment. Most of the exporting companies preferred traditional payment methods to new payment methods. And an initial request for a low advance payment ratio led to a lower advance payment ratio. Also, the experience of using new payment methods could diminish status quo bias. This paper applied behavioral economics theories and field experiment methodology to the payment term studies in international trades. These attempts could contribute to expanding the diversity of methodology and scope of international trade studies.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2015

Background Many methods have been proposed for the correction of sunken upper eyelids. These methods include surgical treatments, such as micro-fat, dermofat, or fascia-fat grafts, or the use of alloplastic materials. Here, we present our experience of sunken upper eyelid correction involving the simple addition of anchoring the central fat pad to the medial fat pad during upper blepharoplasty. Methods We performed 74 cases of upper blepharoplasty with sunken upper eyelid correction between October 2013 and September 2014. The lateral portion of the central fat pad was partially dissected to facilitate anchoring. The medial fat pad was gently exposed and then pulled out to facilitate anchoring. After the rotation of the dissected lateral portion of the central fat pad by $180^{\circ}$ to the medial side, it was anchored spreading to the medial fat pad. Photographs taken at 6 months postoperatively were presented to three physicians for objective assessment. Of the 74 patients, 54 patients followed at 6 months postoperatively were included in this retrospective, objective assessment. Results Sunken eyelids were effectively corrected in 51 of the 54 patients, but 3 had minimal effect because preaponeurotic fat pads had been removed during previous upper blepharoplasty. In addition to correcting sunken eyelids, lateral bulging was corrected and a better definition of the lateral portion of upper lid creases was obtained. Conclusions Anchoring the central fat pad to the medial fat pad provides an effective means of correcting sunken upper eyelids during upper blepharoplasty.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

우리나라는 매년 최소 3${\sim}$4개 정도의 태풍의 영향을 받고 있으며, 이러한 태풍은 강한 바람과 많은 비를 동반하여 막대한 재산피해와 인명피해를 가져왔다. 특히, 태풍 매미는 기록적인 강풍과 높은 파도를 동반하여 피항지에 묘박중인 선박들과 부두에 계류중인 선박들이 침몰, 좌초, 충돌하는 등 많은 해양사고를 유발시켰다. 태풍의 내습이 예상되면 선박들은 태풍의 예상 진로에서 멀리 벗어나거나 안전한 피항지를 선택하여 투묘를 실시하고 있다. 하지만, 투묘에 대한 사항이나 투묘 후 선박의 안전에 대한 판단은 운항자의 경험에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 실습선 한바다호를 대상으로 선체에 작용하는 외력과 외력에 대한 대항력을 상호 비교 분석함으로써 선박의 묘박 안전성을 정량적으로 평가하였고, 이를 바탕으로 주묘 한계풍속, 선박에서의 안전대책, 단계별 조치사항 등에 대한 묘박 매뉴얼을 개발하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.269-276
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• 1998

마찰견인법으로 상악견치를 후방견인할 때, 저항원상실을 최소로 하며 조절되지못한 경사이동을 예방하기 위한 장치인 MAS(molar anchoring spring)를 고안하여 임상에 적용하였다. 31명(여자 29명, 남자 2명)의 표본에서 MAS를 사용하여 상악견치의 후방견인을 시행하였고, 견인 전후의 측모 두부 방사선 규격사진, orthopantomogram과 치아모형을 채득하였다. 얻어진 정보로부터 상악 제1대구치의 저항원소실 및 상악 견치의 경사이동경향을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 상악 제1대구치의 경우 수직정출과 jntermolar width의 변화가 없었으며, 시상면에서 적은 양의 저항원소실만이 있었다. 2. 상악 견치의 경우 원심경사 및 약간의 압하가 일어났으며 교합이 깊어졌다는 소견은 보이지 않았다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2012

본 연구는 스낵제품을 대상으로 기준점설정과 기준점의 조정과정(adjustment)에서 언어정보와 인지부하가 어떻게 작용하는지를 살펴보았다. 연구결과 1) 기준점설정에 관한 연구결과 응답자들은 개수가 5개 그려진 포장재보다 25개 그려진 포장재의 내용물(고래밥) 단위수를 더 많게 예측하였다. 따라서 손쉽게 얻을 수 있는 정보를 기준으로 자신의 판단이나 생각이 이루어진다는 기준점설정효과(anchoring effect)는 확인되었다. 2) 언어적 정보의 조절효과를 살펴보기 위하여 내용물을 설명해주는 언어적 정보(labeling)를 추가적으로 제시한 결과, 응답자간의 내용물 개수 예측치의 차이가 크게 줄어드는 결과를 확인하였다. 3) 인지부하(cognitive load)의 조절효과를 살펴보기 위하여 자리수가 다른 곱셈계산식을 제시(인지부하 조작)하고 포장재별 내용물의 개수를 예측토록 하였다. 그 결과 인지부하가 많을수록 포장재 간의 예측치 차이가 줄어드는 것으로 나타나 인지부하의 조절효과도 확인하였다. 본 연구는 정보제공방식의 프레임을 조정하거나 인지부하를 조정함으로써 기준점설정 및 조정과정에서 나타날 수 있는 오류나 편향을 감소시킬 수 있음을 보여주고 있다. 이는 소비심리를 연구하는 학자들은 물론 포장재 디자이너와 같은 마케팅실무담당자들에게 이론적 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.650-662
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• 2005

어노테이션 시스템에서 원본문서가 갱신되었을 경우 어노테이션이 항상 적절한 위치를 유지하기 위해서는 로버스트(robust)한 위치재생성(repositioning) 기능이 필요하다. XML 문서환경에서 어노테이션에 대한 위치재생성을 위해서는 텍스트 정보뿐만 아니라 구조문서 특성을 포함할 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 XML 기반의 원본문서 및 어노테이션 정보를 논리구조트리(logical structure tree)로 표현하고, 각 트리간의 대응관계를 분석하여 복수의 후보 앵커들을 생성한다 또한 복수의 후보 앵커들 중 최적의 후보 앵커를 선택하기 위하여 논리구조트리 앵커 노드의 문자열(textual data) 및 레이블 정보에 기반한 단계별 앵커링 기준을 제시한다. 그 결과 본 논문에서는 구조문서 환경에서 다양한 형태의 컨텍스트 갱신이 발생하였을 경우에도 로버스트한 위치재생성이 가능하다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

Background In patients with congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN), single-stage removal of large lesions can be difficult because the high tension created by excising and repairing a large lesion may result in scar widening. Herein, we introduce a method to effectively excise lesions while minimizing scarring and compare its outcomes to those of existing surgical methods. Methods We compared patients who underwent surgery using the anchoring technique (n=42) or the conventional elliptical technique (n=36). One side of the lesion was removed via en bloc resection up to the superficial fascia. The other side of the lesion was removed via de-epithelialization. The de-epithelialized dermal flap was then fixed by suturing it to the superficial fascia on the opposite side. The length of the lesion's long axis and amount of scar widening were measured immediately after surgery and at 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. At 12 months, patients were assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Results The lesion locations included the face, arms, legs, back, and abdomen. The anchoring method resulted in shorter and smaller scars than the conventional method. There were no cases of postoperative hematoma or wound dehiscence. Significant differences in postoperative scar widening were found in the arm and leg areas (P<0.05). Conclusions The anchoring method introduced in this study can provide much better outcomes than the conventional method. The anchoring method is particularly useful for the removal of CMN around the joints or extremities, where the surgical site is subjected to high tension.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.265-279
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to compare and review behavioral economics models that explain stock price changes after large-scale price shocks in the Korean stock market and to find a suitable model. In this paper, among the theories reviewed, it was confirmed that the anchoring heuristics theory has high explanatory power for stock prices after large-scale stock price fluctuations. Design/methodology/approach - This paper conducts an event study on stock price shocks in which the individual stocks that make up the KOSPI200 index show more than 10% fluctuation on a daily basis. In order to materialize the abstract predictions of heuristics theories in a varifiable form, this paper uses the daily stock price index change as a reference point for availability heuristics, and uses the 52-week highest and lowest price as reference point for anchoring heuristics. Research implications or Originality - As a result of the empirical analysis, the stock price reversals did not consistently appear for changes in the daily index. On the other hand, the stock price drifts consistently appeared around the 52-week highest and the 52-week lowest price. And in the multiple regression analysis that controlled for company-specific and event-specific variables, the results that supported the anchoring heuristics were more evident. These results suggest that it is possible to establish an investment strategy using large-scale price change in Korean stock market.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

The anchoring effect can be found when a decision shows cognitive prejudice towards the initial information given. Several studies have argued that such an effect is present even for judges in the courtroom. This paper seeks to find a relationship between judges' decisions on penalty sentences and the sentences recommended by prosecutors. In this study, 2,773 actual court cases are considered in the analysis, and quantile regression is used to show that the sentencing decisions judges make are anchored by the recommendations of prosecutors. However, this reliance on recommendations differs according to the seriousness of the crime committed. Specifically, at the lowest penalty levels, a one-month increase in the prosecutors' sentencing recommendation results in a 0.25-month increase in the judges' sentence, while at the highest sentence level, the judges' sentences increase by 0.78 months under an identical condition. The results of this research indicate the need to create more objective and clear sentencing guidelines in the future in an effort to mitigate the psychological pressure experienced by judges with regard to serious offences or heinous crimes.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.226-229
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• 2006

Strengthening with externally post-tensioned CFRP strips is more effective in increasing load carrying capacity of existing structures as well as reducing crack width and deflection. This study developed concrete embedded anchorages system for externally post-tensioned CFRP strips, and carried out experimental study to verify anchoring performance quantitatively. Through experimental results, anchoring strength of concrete embedded anchorage were quantified into shear strength of anchor bolt, bearing strength of concrete at the front of anchor plate and bond strength between anchor plate and concrete surface. In addition, overall anchoring performances according to combination of each unit force are examined in this study.