• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.326-332
• /
• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare stress distributions of implant-supported crown placed in fibula bone model with those in intact mandible model using three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two three-dimensional finite element models were created to analyze biomechanical behaviors of implant-supported crowns placed in intact mandible and fibula model. The finite element models were generated from patient's computed tomography data. The model for grafted fibula was composed of fibula block, dental implant system, and implant-supported crown. In the mandible model, same components with identical geometries with the fibula model were used except that the mandible replaced the fibula. Vertical and oblique loadings were applied on the crowns. The highest von Mises stresses were investigated and stress distributions of the two models were analyzed. RESULTS. Overall stress distributions in the two models were similar. The highest von Mises stress values were higher in the mandible model than in the fibula model. In the individual prosthodontic components there was no prominent difference between models. The stress concentrations occurred in cortical bones in both models and the effect of bicortical anchorage could be found in the fibula model. CONCLUSION. Using finite element analysis it was shown that the implant-supported crown placed in free fibula graft might function successfully in terms of biomechanical behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2015

We describe our experience with conservative condylectomy for the correction of facial asymmetry in five patients with osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle. All five patients presented with malocclusion and facial asymmetry, which are common clinical findings of osteochondroma involving the mandibular condyle. We performed conservative condylectomy without additional orthognathic surgery for all five patients, preserving the vertical height of the condylar process as much as possible. Following surgery, intermaxillary traction using a skeletal anchorage system with rubber elastics was performed on all patients to improve occlusion, and, when necessary, additional minimal orthodontic treatment was performed. The mean follow-up period was 42 months. At the last follow-up visit, all patients exhibited satisfactory facial symmetry and remodeling of the remaining condyle, with stable health and no signs of recurrence. In conclusion, conservative condylectomy alone, without subsequent orthognathic surgery, is adequate for the restoration of facial symmetry and the preservation of vertical condylar height in select patients with condylar osteochondroma.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 2005

Prestressed concrete girder(PSC girder) bridges have been used widely at the railway as well as highway because they are great in the functional and economical efficiency. Also they have the advantage of convenience of design and construction. However it could be easily verified that the section of PSC girder is excessive design, which has much redundancy against design loads. Thus, in this paper the formulation of the optimum design for PSC girder railway bridge is suggested and dominant design variables and constraints are inquired as performing the optimum design. In order to effective optimum design, design variables are formulated as PSC girder sectional dimension and girder space. The objective is adopted as total cost of PSC girder railway bridge. Also, constraints are formulated according to Korean railway design specification and considering construction-ability such as PS anchorage and girder space. Using the proposed optimum design system, optimum PSC girder railway bridge design has been performed. And from the results of analysis it is suggested to denote the optimum section which satisfies the structural safety and economical efficiency all together.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.1083-1104
• /
• 2015

This paper provides the results of an experimental investigation into the flexural behavior of continuous two-span unbonded post-tensioned high strength concrete (HSC) beams, strengthened by end-anchored CFRP laminates of different configurations in the hogging region. Implementing two different configurations of end-anchorage systems consisting of steel plates and bolts and carefully monitoring the development of strains throughout the load history using sufficiently large number of strain gauges, the response of beams including the observed crack propagations, beam deflection, modes of failure, capacity enhancement at service and ultimate and the amount of moment redistribution are measured, presented and discussed. The study is appropriate in the sense that it covers the more commonly occurring two span beams instead of the simply supported beams investigated by others. The experiments reconfirmed the finding of others that proper installation of composite strengthening system is most important in the quality of the bond which is essential for the internal transfer of forces. It was also found that for the tested two span continuous beams, the capacity enhancement is more pronounced at the serviceability level than the ultimate. This is an important finding as the design of these beams is mostly governed by the serviceability limit state signifying the appropriateness of the suggested strengthening method. The paper provides quantitative data on the amount of this capacity enhancement.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1125-1130
• /
• 2004

The prestressed concrete girder bridges have been used widely at the domestic national road as well as highway because it is great in the functional and economical efficiency. Also it has the advantage of convenience of design and construction due to being given standard sections. However it could be easily verified that a standard section of P.S.C girder is excessive design, which has much more redundancy than is necessary against design loads. Thus, in this paper the formulation of the optimum design for PSC girder railway bridge is suggested and dominant design variables and constraints are inquired as performing the optimum design. The objective is adopted as total cost of PSC girder bridge ,and in order to effective optimum design, design variables are formulated as PSC girder section dimension and girder space as well. And constraints are formulated according to Korean railway design specification and considering construction-ability such as PS anchorage and girder space. Using the proposed optimum design system, optimum PSC girder bridge design has been performed. And from the results of analysis it is suggested to denote the optimum section which satisfies the structural safety ,and economical efficiency all together.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2019

An anchorage system is essential for most reinforced concrete structures to connect building components. Therefore, the prediction of strength of the anchor is very important issue for safety of the structures themselves as well as structural components. The prediction models in existing design codes are, however, not applicable for large anchors because they are based on the small size anchors with diameters under 50 mm. In this paper, new prediction models for strength of a single anchor, especially the tensile strength of a single anchor, is developed from the experimental results with consideration of size effect. Size effect in the existing models such as ACI or CCD method is based on the linear fracture mechanics which is very conservative way to consider the size effect. Therefore, new models are developed based on the nonlinear fracture mechanics rather than the linear fracture mechanics for more reasonable prediction. New models are proposed by the regression analysis of the experimental results and it can predict the tensile strength of both small and large anchors.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
• /
• 제35권10호
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2019

Hybrid precast concrete panel is a wall element that is able to quickly construct the core wall structure for moderate-rise modular buildings. Hybrid precast concrete panel has unique characteristics which is a pair of C-shaped steel beams combined at the top and bottom of a concrete wall, In this study, an improved anchorage detail for vertical rebar is proposed to ensure the lateral force resistance performance of hybrid precast concrete panel emulating monolithic concrete wall. Also, the structural performance of horizontal connection is investigated experimentally with the bolt spacing parameter. And the behavior of hybrid precast concrete panel with the improved detail is compared with the monolithic concrete wall tested in a previous study. Finally, the required thickness of C-shaped steel beam to eliminate or minimize the deformation in horizontal connection is calculated by prying action equation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.453-462
• /
• 2023

Designing pile foundations subjected to the uplift forces such as buildings, oil platforms, and anchors is becoming increasingly concerned. In this paper, the conceptual design of a new type of driven piles called expanding pile is presented and assessed. Some grooves have been created in the shaft of the novel pile, and some moveable arms have been designed at the pile tip. At first, static analyses using the finite element method were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovative pile on the axial bearing capacity. Then its effect on seismic behavior of moment frame is considered. Results show that the expanding arms were provided an ideal anchorage system because of the soil's noticeable locking-up effect increasing uplift bearing capacity. For example at the end of the static tensile loading procedure, displacement decrement up to 55 percent is observed. In addition, comparing the uplift bearing capacity of the usual and new pile with different lengths in sand and clay layers shows noticeable effect and sharp increase up to about two times especially in longer piles. Besides, a sensible reduction in the seismic response and the stresses in the beam-column connection between 23-36 percent are achieved that ensures better seismic behavior of the structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제83권5호
• /
• pp.627-644
• /
• 2022

In past major earthquakes (1994 Northridge, 1995 Kobe, Chi-Chi 1999, Kocaeli 1999), significant damages occurred in the liquid storage tanks. The basic failure patterns were observed to be the buckling of the tank wall and uplift of the anchorage system. The damages in the industrial facilities and nuclear power plants have caused the spread of toxic substances to the environment and significant fires. Seismic isolation can be used in liquid storage tanks to decouple the structure and decrease the structural demand in the superstructure in case of ground shaking. Previous studies on the use of seismic isolation systems on liquid storage tanks show that an isolation system reduces the impulsive response but might slightly increase the convective one. There is still a lack of understanding of the seismic response of seismically isolated liquid storage tanks considering the fluid-structure interaction. In this study, one broad tank, one medium tank, and one slender tank are selected and designed. Two- and three-dimensional elastomeric bearings are used as seismic isolation systems. The seismic performance of the tanks is then investigated through nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. The effectiveness of each seismic isolation system on tanks' performance was investigated. Isolator tension forces, modal analysis results, hydrodynamic stresses, strains, sloshing heights and base shear forces of the tanks are compared. The results show that the total base shear is lower in 3D-isolators compared to 2D-isolators. Even though the tank wall stresses, and strains are slightly higher in 3D-isolators, they are more efficient to prevent the tension problem.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.339-348
• /
• 2006

교정용 미니 임플랜트 고정원을 이용한 교정 치료가 보편화되며, SWA와 이를 이용한 on masse sliding retraction 은 임상에서 흔히 사용하는 치료법이 되었다. 그러나 고정원을 성공적으로 보존하려는 노력에 비해, 발치 공간 폐쇄시 전치부 치축 조절에 관여하는 요인에 대한 보고는 아직까지 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 제1소구치를 제거한 상악 치아와 치주 인대 그리고 치조골에 대한 3차원 유한요소 기준모델을 제작하였고, 제1대구치와 제2소구치 사이 주호선 10 mm 상방에 식립된 교정용 미니 임플랜트를 고정원으로 사용할 경우, 측절치-견치 사이의 견인 훅의 높이를 변화시키며 후상방 견인력을 가하거나, 주호선에 보상 만곡을 부여하는 것이 전치부 치축 조절에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 시뮬레이션 하였다. 또한 전치부 치축이 설측 경사된 모델을 같은 실험 조건으로 시뮬레이션 하여 발치 공간 페쇄 시 설측 경사된 전치부 치축을 유지하거나 개선할 수 있는 요인을 검토하였고, 다음과 같은 연구 결과를 얻었다. 2 mm 높이의 견인 훅에 대하여 후상방으로 견인력을 가할 경우 발생하는 함입력으로 인하여 전치부 설측 경사가 더 감소되지는 않았다. 견인 훅의 높이가 5 mm인 경우 후상방 견인력을 가하면, 측절치의 치관 순측 및 치근 설측 이동이 일어나고, 견치의 비조절성 후방 경사 이동이 심화되었다. 4 mm의 보상 만곡은 측절치의 치관 순측 및 치근 설측 이동을 일으키고, 견치의 비조절성 후방 경사 이동을 감소시켰다. 또한 전치부가 설측 경사된 모델을 기준모델과 같은 실험 조건으로 시뮬레이션 한 경우 치근면의 응력 분포와 25000배 확대된 그래프 상에서의 치아 이동 양상은 매우 유사하였다 이상의 결과는 미니 임플랜트-SWA sliding 생역학을 구사 시 견인 훅의 위치와 와이어 상의 보상 만곡의 유무에 의해 전치부의 치축 조절이 달라지며 실제 임상에서 가이드라인으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 따라 수용자들의 적극적 인식도 심화되었다고 결론지을 수 있을 것이다. 신문이 일제의 지배방식에 순응해 독자들에게 내선일체와 전쟁협력을 강요했다는 역사적 평가를 듣게 만들었다.사되었으며 그 다음은 근 현대가 18편으로 26.47%, 중세 7편 10.3%, 선사시대 5편 7.35%, 상고시대가 1편으로 1.47%로 나타나 고대 중세, 근 현대 순으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.기인계 농약의 특징인 불안정성에 의해 광분해 및 미생물 분해를 통해 이미 분해가 진행 중이어서 본래의 유기인 화합물이 검출되지 않았을 가능성이 있다. 그리고 유기인계 농약이 완전히 분해되어 생성된 유기인계 농약 기원의 영양염류가 저수지 내로 많은 양이 유입된다면, 부영양화에 기여할 가능성이 있다. 따라서 농업용 저수지에서 유기인계 농약의 농도 분포는 물론이고 중간 생성물과 그 독성, 광분해 및 미생물 분해의 메커니즘, 그리고 최종 산물에 대한 연구가 필요하다.삭감율은 BOD의 경우 Scenario 1-1(처리용량 1,500 $m^3$ $day^{-1}$인 인공습지), scenario 1-2 (처리용량 1,000 $m^3$ $day^{-1}$인 인공습지), scenario 2(면적 4.2ha인 저류지)가 각각 연평균 6.9%, 4.8%, 7.1%의 감소를 보였다. TN은 4.7%, 3.4%, 13.4%의 삭감율을 나타내었으며, TP는 5.6%, 3.9%, 7.3%의 삭감율을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 적용하지 못하였으나, 인공습지와 저류지의 적절한 연계시스템을 적용한다면 저감시설 설치 부지면적과 비용의 감소뿐만 아니라 보다 효과적인 수질개선효과를 가져올 수 있으리라 판단된다.다. 이상과 같이 조선시대 주식류의 종류 및 조리방법에 대한 문헌적 고찰을 분석한 결과로 조선시대로부터 현재까지 주식류의 변천과정을 파악할 수 있었으며 새롭게 문헌으로라도 복원된 전통음식인