• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to confirm the anatomic conformity of the new periarticular locking plates designed by Zimmer on Korean adult bones and to identify the structures at risk during the application of these implants. Methods: The study was performed on the humerus, radius, and tibia of 10 adult cadavers(6 males and 4 females) procured from the cadaveric lab of our hospital. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays were taken to confirm that the cadavers were free of any unusual lesions or anatomic variations. We used the 3.5-mm proximal humerus plate, 2.7-mm distal radius plate, 3.5- and 5.0-mm proximal tibia plates, and 3.5-mm distal tibia plate developed by Zimmer, Inc. (Zimmer periarticular locking plate). The longest plate from each group was used to confirm anatomical conformity. Standard approaches were used for each area, and soft tissue was retracted in order to pass the plate beneath the muscle. The position of the plate was confirmed using standard AP and lateral view X-rays. After this procedure had been completed, the region was dissected along the length of the implant to determine the conformity of the implant to bone and the penetrations of screws into the articular surface or violations of any vital structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, or tendons. Results: Excellent anatomical conformity was observed with Zimmer periarticular locking plates for Korean adults. The tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery were found to be structures at risk when applying a distal tibial plate. Conclusion: Additional posterolateral fixation is recommended when dealing with cases of tibial plateau fracture when the fracture line extends to the posterolateral cortex. We recommend taking proper views using 10~15 degrees of internal rotation to ensure correct screw length and, thus, avoid penetration of vital structures and tendons.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.535-546
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• 2010

Purpose: The subcutaneous fat tissue is separated into 2 layers by the subcutaneous fascia: the superficial and deep fat layers. The two fat layers have different structures according to the body regions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the distribution and pattern of the two fat layers in the human body by computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis according to age, sex, anatomical region, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: This study included 200 males and 200 females who underwent 64-channel dynamic CT in our hospital. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to 10 years of their ages separately in either male or female gender. The thickness of the superficial and deep fat layers was measured in the abdominal, pelvic, and femoral regions, and we analyzed the values. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. The $3{\times}3$-cm whole fat layers were harvested from the same sites of 3 cadavers for histological examination, and one cadaver was dissected for gross evaluation. Results: The total thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue was greater in females than in males, and the ratio of the superficial fat layer to the whole fat layer was higher in females. The superficial fat layer became thinner with increasing age in males. As BMI increased, the total fat layer became thicker, and the superficial fat layer became thicker than the deep fat layer. On histological examination, the superficial fat layer had small adipose lobules and showed a densely distributed pattern in the abdominal region, whereas in the femoral region, it had large adipose lobules and showed a sparsely distributed pattern. There were no significant differences in the histological findings of the deep fat layer between the 3 body regions. Conclusion: Significant differences in histological findings of the two fat layers were found in relation to age, sex, anatomical region, and BMI. The superficial fat layer became thinner with increasing age in males, but it was constant in females. As BMI increased, the total thickness of subcutaneous fat tissue became greater, and the superficial fat layer became thicker than the deep fat layer. Our measurements can be used to understand the characteristics of the fat layers in relation to age, sex, anatomical region, and BMI.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.462-470
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• 2021

조선후기 국용목재에 사용된 수종을 파악하기 위하여 영건의궤 조선후기 11종의 영건에 명시된 수종을 분석하였다. 주요 용도로는 궁궐, 제실, 사묘, 성곽의 수리와 보수 공사에 사용된 것으로 파악되었다. 17세기~20세기 영건의궤에 명시된 수종 중 활엽수재로는 가래나무, 느티나무, 물푸레나무, 박달나무, 오동나무, 참나무류(갈참나무, 굴참나무, 떡갈나무, 상수리나무, 신갈나무, 졸참나무)가 확인되었으며, 침엽수재로는 소나무와 잣나무가 확인되었다. 문화재를 수리할 때에는 동일 수종을 원칙으로 하기 때문에 수종 조사는 중요한 부분이다. 각 수종에 대한 목재해부학적 이미지는 실제 사용된 목부재를 대신해서 국립산림과학원 목재표본실에 소장 되어있는 같은 수종 재감을 활용하였다. 조선후기 영건의궤 편역본을 통하여 목조문화재 건축물에 사용된 주요 수종을 알 수 있었으며, 수리·보수 시 사용될 목재 수종을 판정하는 데 필요한 목재해부학적 이미지를 마련하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.13-31
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• 1994

피자식물내 엽육조직 미세구조연구의 일환으로 형태해부학적으로 매우 다른 특성을 지닌 국화과 Dubautia속 식물 3종(Dubautia scabra var. leiophylla, D. knudsenii, D. scabra var. leiophylla, D. knudsenii)의 엽육조직이 연구되었다. 부모종 엽육조직의 형태해부학적 특성과 그들의 잡종 엽육조직세포의 분화 정도를 추정하기 위하여 palisade mesophyll내의 chloroplasts, microbodies, mitochondria 및 grana내의 thylakoid membrane system, phytoferritin-like structures, plastoglobuli와 starch grain 등 엽록체 내부의 초미세구조 형질들을 중점적으로 비교 분석하였다. 잡종의 엽육조직세포들은 형태해부학적 엽육형질 및 thylakoidal membrane system 등의 형질에서 부모종 엽육조직의 중간적 특성 (intermediacy)을 나타내어 전형적인 bilateral inheritage를 보여주었으며, thylakoid membrane number/granum, phytoferritin-like structures, starch grain의 분포 등에서는 어느 한 부모종 형질과 더 유사하게 관찰되었다. 미소체 및 미토콘드리아는 대체로 비슷한 양상으로 관찰되었고 phytoferritin-like structures는 국화과 식물 엽록체내에서 처음 보고되는 미세구조이다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

Purpose : The research was performed to predict the three dimensional relationship between the impacted mesiodens and the maxillary central incisors and the proximity with the anatomic structures by comparing their panoramic images with the CT images. Materials and Methods : Among the patients visiting Seoul National University Dental Hospital from April 2003 to July 2007, those with mesiodens were selected (154 mesiodens of 120 patients). The numbers, shapes, orientation and positional relationship of mesiodens with maxillary central incisors were investigated in the panoramic images. The proximity with the anatomical structures and complications were investigated in the CT images as well. Results : The sex ratio (M : F) was 2.28 : 1 and the mean number of mesiodens per one patient was 1.28. Conical shape was 84.4% and inverted orientation was 51.9%. There were more cases of anatomical structures encroachment, especially on the nasal floor and nasopalatine duct, when the mesiodens was not superimposed with the central incisor. There were, however, many cases of the nasopalatine duct encroachment when the mesiodens was superimpoised with the apical 1/3 of central incisor (52.6%). Delayed eruption (55.6%), crown rotation (66.7%) and crown resorption (100%) were observed when the mesiodens was superimposed with the crown of the central incisor. Conclusion : It is possible to predict three dimensional relationship between the impacted mesiodens and the maxillary central incisors in the panoramic images, but more details should be confirmed by the CT images when necessary.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2021

High-Resolution thoracic CT (HRCT) is a scanning protocol in which thin slice thickness and sharpness algorithm are utilized to enhance image resolution for diagnosis and assessment of interstitial lung disease (ILD). This examination is sometimes performed in both supine and prone position to improve sensitivity to early changes of these conditions. Anatomical structures (the size of lung field and heart and descending aorta) of 150 patients who underwent HRCT were retrospectively compared. HRCT had been conducted in two positions (supine and prone). Data were divided into five groups according to patient body weights (from 40 to more than 80kg, 10kg intervals, 60 patients/each group). Quantitative analysis was utilized in Image J program. In the supine position defined as the control group, the average values of lung fields and heart size and aorta were compared with the prone position defined as the experimental group. The size of the lungs was found to be higher in the supine position, and it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in patients over 70 kg (p<0.05). In addition, both sizes of the heart and descending aorta were larger in prone position, but in the case of the heart, there was no correlation with the presence or absence of ILD disease (p>0.05). Also, the area of prone in the descending aorta was higher than supine position, but there was no statistically significant difference between supine and prone position (p>0.05). In conclusion, when the severity of ILD disease was severe, there was no statistically significant difference in the area difference between supine and prone position, so it is considered that it will be helpful in diagnostic decision.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권
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• pp.41-48
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• 2003

The number of natural products obtained from plants has now reached over 100,000 and new chemical compounds are being discovered ever year. Medicinal and Aromatic plants and their extracts have been used for centuries to relieve pain, aid healing, kill bacteria and insects are important as the antifungal and anti-herbivore agents with further compounds being involved in the symbiotic associations. Although their functions in plants have not been fully established, it is Known that some substances have growth regulatory properties while others are involved in pollination and seed dispersal. The complex nature of these chemicals are usually produced in various types of secretory structures which is an important character of a plant family and also influenced and controlled by genetic and ecological factors. Detailed anatomical description of these structures ave relevant to the market value of the plants, the verification of authenticity of a given species and for the detection of substitution or adulteration. Volatile oils are used for their therapeutic action for flavoring of lemon, in perfumery of rose or as starting materials for the synthesis of other compounds of turpentine. For therapeutic purposes they are administered as inhalations of eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, as gargles and mouthwashes of thymol and transdermally many essential oils including those of lavender, etc. With these current trend for using volatile components in essential oil will be increasing in the future in Korea and in the world as well.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 학술대회 논문집 전문대학교육위원
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• pp.183-186
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• 2007

Realistic deformation of computer simulated anatomical structures is computationally intensive. As a result, simple methodologies not based in continuum mechanics have been employed for achieving real time deformation of virtual reality. Since the graphical interpolations and simple spring models commonly used in these simulations are not based on the biomechanical properties of tissue structures, these "quick and dirty"methods typically do not accurately represent the complex deformations and force-feedback interactions that can take place during surgery. Finite Element(FE) analysis is widely regarded as the most appropriate alternative to these methods. However, because of the highly computational nature of the FE method, its direct application to real time force feedback and visualization of tissue deformation has not been practical for most simulations. If the mathematics are optimized through pre-processing to yield only the information essential to the simulation task run-time computation requirements can be drastically reduced. To apply the FEM, We examined a various in verse matrix method and a deformed material model is produced and then the graphic deformation with this model is able to force. As our simulation program is reduced by the real-time calculation and simplification because the purpose of this system is to transact in the real time.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyse the skin of the Hand lesser yang in human. Methods: The Hand lesser yang meridian was labeled with latex in the body surface of the cadaver, subsequently dissecting a body among superficial fascia and muscular layer in order to observe internal structures. Results: This study has come to the conclusion that a depth of the skin has encompassed a common integument and a immediately below superficial fascia, and this study established the skin boundary with adjacent structures such as relative muscle, tendon as compass. The skin area of the Hand lesser yang in human is as follows: The skin close to the ulnar root angle of 4th finger nail, above between 4th and 5th metacarpal bone, between extensor digit. minimi tendon(t.) and extensor digit. t., extensor digit. m(muscle). at 2, 4, 7 cun above dorsal carpal striation, triceps brachii m. t., deltoid m., trapezius m., just around the ear, upper orbicularis oculi m. Conclusions: The skin area of the Hand lesser yang from anatomical viewpoint seems to be the skin area outside the superficial fascia or the muscle involved in the pathway of the Hand lesser yang meridian, the collateral meridian, the meridian muscle, with the condition that we consider adjacent skins.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2014

고해상도 초음파 테크닉과 작은 탐촉자들이 개발되면서 표층에 위치하는 작은 구조물들에 대한 검사가 가능하게 되었고, 이로 인하여 초음파는 손목 질환의 진단과 치료에 유용한 도구가 되었다. 초음파를 이용할 때에는 이러한 기술적인 부분 뿐만 아니라 해부학적인 구조와 임상 양상을 잘 이해하여 적용하는 것이 중요하다. 손목의 통증 부위에 따른 대표적인 질환들에 대해 초음파의 접근방법 및 유용성을 정리해보고자 하였다.