• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 1984

A new restoration method of chest X-ray image (dual project filter) was proposed to improve SNR (signal to noise ratio) characteristics. In this method, a priori information of system and anatomical structure and statistics of projected object are used in the design of filter. Dual projection filter varies its parameters, adapting to the local regions of chest(lungregion, mediasternum, subdiaphragm) and the structure of chest (bone, tissue, blood vessel, bronchia). The performance of Dual Projection Filter was 0.1-0.2dB better than Dual Sensor Wiener Filter, which was used for initial estimate of Dual Porjection Filter.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2008

버섯종균에 의해 열화된 신갈나무 버섯폐골목의 흡음성능과 구조적 특징의 변화를 관찰하고자 버섯폐골목을 원반형으로 채취하여 무처리 목재와 구조적 특징의 변화를 비교하고, 전달함수법을 이용하여 흡음률을 측정 비교하였다. 측정주파수범위에서 버섯폐골목의 시험편이 보통의 시험편보다 높은 흡음률을 나타내었으며, 특히 2~6 KHz의 주파수영역에서는 보통 목재보다 2~3배 정도 높은 흡음률을 나타내었다. 버섯폐골목은 무 처리 목재보다 중량이 70% 정도 감소하였으며, 3단면에서 다수의 공극이 관찰되어 이들이 흡음공극으로 작용하여 측정주파수영역에서 흡음률이 증가된 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.111-121
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• 1996

Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) is preferred because of simplicity, safety, and reliability in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodule or hyperplasia. However, there are a few limitations such as false-negative or false-positive cases and non-diagnostic material. To evaluate the usefulness of FNAC in thyroid lesions, we reviewed 704 FNAC cases of thyroid nodules from 1988 to 1994 at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. The results are as follows. 1. Among 704 FNAC cases of thyroid gland, 571(81.1%) cases were benign, 12(1.7%) were suspicious, 71(10.1%) were malignancy, and 50(7.1%) were material insufficiency. The cytologic diagnoses of the benign lesions included 168 cases of follicular neoplasm, 139 cases of adenomatous goiter, 162 cases of follicular lesion such as follicular neoplasm or adenomatous goiter, 61 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 13 cases of subacute thyroiditis, and 28 cases of colloidal nodule or benign nodule. The malignant lesions included 68 cases of papillary carcinona, two medullary carcinomas and a case of metastatic colon cancer. 2. The average number of cytologic smear slides was $4.12{\pm}1.81$ in material insufficiency and $5.63{\pm}1.79$ in diagnostic cases. This difference was statistically significant(p<0.00001). 3. Histological assessment of 150 cases revealed 2 false negative and 1 false positive cases. The false negative cases were a case of marked sclerosis in papillary carcinoma and an occult case of papillary carcinoma. The false positive case resulted from pseudo-ground glass nuclei due to marked dry artifact. 4. Comparison between the FNAC and the histologic diagnosis revealed that FNAC had a sensitivity of 93.5%, a specificity of 99.2%, a false negative rate of 6.6%, a false positive rate of 0.8%, and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 98.0%. Therefore, FNAC of thyroid gland is a very reliable diagnostic method with excellent accuracy rate.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.719-724
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• 2011

Purpose: Previous studies of the facial artery have shown significant anatomical variability in this region. The vascular anatomy of the region is considered unreliable in predicting the ideal pedicle. Preoperative imaging has been suggested as a means of improving preoperative awareness, with Doppler ultrasound as useful tools. Multi-detector row angiographic computed tomography (angio CT) is a significant improvement, providing noninvasive operator-independent details of the vascular anatomy. This tool was used to perform an $in$ $vivo$ anatomical study of the facial artery, demonstrating the usefulness of facial angio CT in planning the facial reconstruction. Methods: Eleven consecutive patients underwent facial angio CT of the facial vasculature with the anatomical details of the facial artery assessed. Results: Facial angio CT could demonstrate the size and course of the facial vasculature, particularly the facial artery. Conclusion: The vascular anatomy of the facial artery is highly variable, and thus there is a role for preoperative imaging. Facial angio CT can demonstrate cases where there is an aberrant or non-preferred anatomy, or select the method of a facial reconstruction.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2020

Purpose: Alimentary tract duplication (ATD) is a rare congenital condition that may occur throughout the intestinal tract. Clinical symptoms are generally related to the involved site, size of duplication, or associated ectopic mucosa. This study aimed to identify clinical implications by anatomical locations and age group and then suggest a relevant management according to its distinct features. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of pediatric patients who received a surgical management due to ATD. Furthermore, data including patients' demographics, anatomical distribution of the duplication, clinical features according to anatomical variants, and outcomes were compared. Results: A total of 25 patients were included in this study. ATD developed most commonly in the midgut, especially at the ileocecal region. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain, a sign resulting from intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intussusception. The non-communicating cystic type was the most common pathological feature in all age groups. Clinically, prenatal detection was relatively low; however, it usually manifested before the infantile period. A laparoscopic procedure was performed in most cases (18/25, 72.0%), significantly in the midgut lesion (p=0.012). Conclusion: ATD occurs most commonly at the ileocecal region, and a symptomatic one may usually be detected before the early childhood period. Surgical management should be considered whether symptom or not regarding its symptomatic progression, and a minimal invasive procedure is the preferred method, especially for the midgut lesion.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate usefulness of locking compression plate (LCP) as an open reduction technique by evaluating clinical results obtained from the patients with lateral malleolar fracture treated by internal fixation using LCP after open reduction. Materials and Methods: Among the patients with lateral malleolar fracture, the 28 patients who were treated by internal fixation using Locking compression plate after an open reduction and were able to be followed up for more than 6 months were included in this study. Final postoperative evaluation was done based on the Meyer's clinical and radiologic evaluation system. Results: All cases achieved anatomical reduction and fixation of the reduction postoperatively. 28 minutes were taken meaningly from the incision to the fixation of LCP plate after the anatomical reduction. Everage bony union time was 8.2 weaks, and the result was excellent in 23 cases (82%), good in 5 cases (17%) and poor result was abscent according to the criteria of Meyer et al. One case of post traumatic arthritis and one case of superficial infection on the operation site were found, but non-union, delayed union and malunion were not occurred. Conclusion: The internal fixation after open reduction using LCP is an effective treatment method in treating lateral malleolar fracture of the ankle since it offers advantages including easy application and a greater stability due to its capability of maintaining exact anatomical reduction even though the screw does not penetrate the medial cortex of fibular to add the stability and rigidity of the fixation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2013

Background The most common cutaneous malignant masses are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma. The predominant site of a malignant mass is the face, which has many opportunities to be exposed to ultraviolet radiation. However the predilection sites of malignant masses have been equivocal due to the use of general regions, rather than anatomical landmarks, in surveys. A facial esthetic unit is an anatomical site classified as an area of similar facial contour characteristics that can be distinguished from other areas. The purpose of this study is to determine widely accepted anatomical landmarks using the esthetic unit. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 118 cases of malignant masses in our clinic from January 2005 to October 2012. We evaluated the patients' age, gender, and predilection site of the malignant mass by esthetic unit through pathology, medical records and patient photographs. We mapped the occurrence site of the malignant mass on schematic drawings of the esthetic units. Results Most of the malignant masses were BCC. The ratio of males to females was 1:1.41. The frequent predilection site of a malignant mass was on the nasal unit (33.1%), followed by the buccal unit (11.0%). Primary closure was the most common method of repairing a surgical defect (38.9%), followed by a local flap (35.5%). Conclusions This review described the relationship between clinical characteristics and esthetic units by proposing objective predilection sites for malignant masses, which can be used commonly as a framework in the study of malignant masses by unifying equivocal occurrence sites.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

슬관절 후외방부 구조의 손상은 흔치 않으나 심한 불안정성과 관절 연골의 손상을 초래하여 심각한 장애가 생길 수 있다. 그러나 아직까지 이에 대한 해부학적 구조 및 진단과 치료 방법이 확실하게 정립되어 있지 않다. 후외방부 구조의 손상은 주로 십자인대 손상과 동반되어 나타나며 후외방 불안정성을 치료하지 않고 그냥 두었을 경우에 십자인대 재건술의 결과에 영향을 미쳐 실패에 이르게 하는 주요한 원인으로 인식되고 있다. 후외방부 구조의 손상의 진단은 신체 검진, 방사선 소견, 자기공명영상 및 관절경 소견을 종합하여 이루어 진다. 후외방부 구조 손상의 치료 방법은 손상 시기 및 손상 정도에 따라서 정해지게 된다. 최근의 해부학적 재건술은 다양한 결과를 보이던 이전의 비해부학적인 재건술에 비하여 임상적인 측면에서 대부분에서 좋은 임상 결과를 보이고 있으나 장기 추시를 시행한 임상 연구들의 뒷받침이 필요하다. 저자는 후외방부 구조와 관련되어 최근까지 발표된 문헌들을 정리하고 진단과 치료에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2011

Objective : A single balloon extrapedicular kyphoplasty has been introduced as one of the unilateral approaches for thoracic compression fractures; however, the unilateral extrapedicular technique in the lumbar area needs a further understanding of structures in the lumbar area. The purpose of the present study is to describe methods and pitfalls of this procedure based on the anatomy of the lumbar area and to analyze clinical outcome and complications. Methods : Anatomical evaluation was performed with 2 human cadavers. A retrospective review of unilateral extrapedicular approaches yielded 74 vertebral levels in 55 patients that were treated with unilateral extrapedicular vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Radiographic assessment included the restoration rate of vertebral height and correction of kyphosis. Results : Anatomical evaluation indicates that the safe needle entry zone of bone for the extrapedicular approach was located in the supero-lateral aspect of the junction between the pedicle and vertebral body. The unilateral extrapedicular procedure achieved adequate pain relief with a mean decreases in pain severity of $7.25{\pm}1.5$ and $2.0{\pm}1.4$, respectively. Complications were 1 retroperitoneal hematoma, 6 unilateral fillings and 3 epidural leak of the polymethylmethacrylate. Conclusion : The method of a unilateral extrapedicular approach in kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty in the lumbar area might be similar to that in thoracic approach using a route via the extrapedicular space. However, different anatomical characteristics of the lumbar area should be considered.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-165
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• 1999

The pathomechanism of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is not clearly elucidated. The possible mechanisms are pathologic reduction of pharyngeal muscular tonus during sleep, abnormal anatomical stenosis of nasopharyx or a combination of the above two mechanisms. It is very important to find the cause(anatomical location or pathologic dynamic change) of OSA in order to treat it. Cephalometric analysis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea is a good method for evaluating anatomical morphologic change but it cannot give any information about the dynamic changes occurring during sleep. On the contrary, nasopharyngeal endoscopy offer 3 dimensional image and information about the dynamic changes. Accordingly, these two diagnostic tools can be utilize in the diagnosis and treatment planning of OSA Cephalometric analysis of craniofacial skeletal and soft tissue morphology in 53 patients with OSA and 43 controls was performed and cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy were performed in 9 patients with OSA in order to come up with individualized therapy plans. Following results were obtained ; Patients with OSA showed 1. body weight gain 2. clockwise mandibular rotation 3. increased anterior lower facial height 4. inferiorly positioned hyoid bone 5. increased length of soft palate 6. decreased sagittal dimension of nasopharyx 7. increased vertical length of inferior collapsable nasopharyx 8. increased length of tongue Through cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy(mutually cooperative in diagnosis), 9. one can find the possible origin of OSA and make a adequate individualized therapy plan and predict accurate prognosis. Cephalometric analysis and nasopharygeal endoscopy are highly recommended as a diagnostic aid in OSA patients