• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.510-518
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• 2009

Purpose: In this study, we analyzed and compared the anatomical position of the mandibular canal in normal occlusion and mandibular prognathism patients. Patients and Methods: Computed tomography image from 58 patients were divided into normal occlusion group and mandibular prognathism group, and each measurement were taken in the each measuring points(2nd premolar, 1st molar, 2nd molar, 3rd molar, ramus). Measurements were statistically analyzed by student's t-test. Results: BC (Thickness of the buccal cortex) value was 2.3~2.7 mm, CB (Distance from the canal to the lingual aspect of the buccal cortex) value was 1.3~4.3 mm, MC (Diameter of the canal) value was 3.2~3.8 mm, LI (Distance from the canal to the lingual aspect of the lingual cortex) value was 2.0~3.7 mm, TM (Thickness of the total mandible) value was 9.5~12.9 mm and CM (Distance from the canal to the inferior border of the mandible) value was 6.9~17.5 mm. Conclusion: In the comparison between two groups, there was statistically significant difference in CB value of 2nd, 3rd molar between normal occlusion and mandibular prognathism, and other value in the rest of the measuring points didn't show statistically significant difference.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.462-467
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• 2018

Background: Significant discrepancy exists between anatomical plate designs and the anatomy of the native distal radius, which may be attributable to considerable morphometric variations in the volar aspect of the distal radius. We aimed to evaluate the degree of variability in the morphometry of the distal radius and identify factors associated with this variability. Methods: We measured the volar surface angle (VSA) of the intermediate and lateral columns and the volar surface width (VSW) in the distal radius from three-dimensional computed tomography scans acquired from 81 cadaveric forearms. These morphometric parameters were compared between the lateral and intermediate columns, between males and females, and between Koreans and Caucasians. Caucasian morphometric data were obtained and pooled from the previous studies. The coefficient of variation was used to assess the variability of the parameters and Cohen's d to estimate the effect size of the difference between groups. Results: The average VSA of the lateral column was $22^{\circ}{\pm}6^{\circ}$, and that of the intermediate column was $29^{\circ}{\pm}8^{\circ}$ in Koreans (p < 0.001). The variability was high for both VSAs. The VSA of the intermediate column was significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.001) and in Caucasians than in Koreans (p < 0.001). The average VSW of distal radius was $30{\pm}3mm$ at the watershed line, and it became narrower proximally. The VSW was significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.001) and in Koreans than in Caucasians (p < 0.001). The effect sizes of the difference for the VSA and VSW between sexes, races and columns were medium to large. Conclusions: Considerable variability exists in the morphometry of the volar distal radius, with sex, race, and column as contributing factors. These results suggest that surgeons should carefully choose an anatomical volar locking plate with appropriate angulation characteristics for each patient to achieve patient-specific alignment of the distal radius.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2008

목적 : 융합 SPECT/CT가 기존 SPECT에 비해 병소의 해부학적 위치를 정확히 판단할 수 있는지 정성 평가하고, CT 감쇠 보정이 SPECT 영상에 미치는 효과를 알아보아 SPECT/CT의 유용성을 제시하고자 한다. 실험재료 및 방법 : 1. 융합 영상의 평가 : 2008년 1월(月)부터 8월(月)까지 Precedence 16 혹은 Symbia T2에서 $^{131}I$-MIBG, Bone, $^{111}In$-Octreotide, Meckel 게실, Parathyroid MIBI 등을 SPECT/CT 시행한 환자를 대상으로 하였고, SPECT/CT영상을 융합한 것과 하지 않은 것을 비교하여 정성 평가하였다. 2. 감쇠보정의 평가 : Symbia T2로 2008년 6월에서 8월까지 $^{201}Tl$ 심근 검사를 한 환자 38명을 대상으로 Cedars-Sinai의 QPS를 이용하여 산출하였다. Ant, Inf, Lat, Septum, Apex로 5개부분으로 분류하고, 각 부분에 대한 관류의 상태를 백분율로 산출했다. CT AC와 Non AC를 평균${\pm}$표준편차로 각 부분에 대한 관류 상태를 비교하고 차이를 분석하였다. 결과 : 1. 융합 영상의 평가 : 에너지가 높은 $^{131}I$ SPECT의 경우 병소와 주위 조직 간의 섭취율 차이로 인해 (주위 조직이 saturation 됨) 병소의 위치 파악이 어려웠으나 CT로 융합한 결과 해부학적 위치를 정확히 평가할 수 있었다. 또한 멕켈게실이나 $^{111}In$과 같이 장이나 장기쪽에 질환을 찾는 경우에는 그 우수성이 더욱 뛰어 났다. Bone SPECT/CT는 척추간의 구별을 확실히 할 수 있어 임상의가 정확한 결과를 제시하는데 도움을 준다. 2. 감쇠 보정의 평가 : 감쇠 보정 전후의 관류 백분율의 차이가 Ant, Lat에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), Inferior, Apex, Septum에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 차이를 보이는 값 중 Inferior Wall에서 CT AC perfusion : $76.84{\pm}6.52%$, Non AC perfusion : $68.58{\pm}7.55%$로 CT 보정에 의한 차이가 $8.26{\pm}4.95%$로 가장 크게 측정되었다(t=10.29, p<0.01). 결론 : SPECT에 CT가 부착되면서 병변의 기능적 활성도를 나타내는 분자학적 영상은 물론 병변의 해부학적 위치 정보를 보다 정확하게 확인할 수 있게 되었다. 이것은 비정상적 부위를 찾아내는 것에 그치지 않고 복잡한 인체 부위에서 정상군과 비정상군을 분리하는데 많은 도움을 주게 되었다. 따라서 임상의는 하나의 검사 영상으로 진단과 치료계획을 동시에 시행할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 감쇠가 잘 되는 흉곽 부위 안에 있는 심근 검사에는, CT로 보다 정확한 감쇠 보정을 할 수 있기 때문에 SPECT 검사 시 관심부위의 관류 상태를 더욱 신뢰할 수 있어 치료 예후의 정당성을 입증할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 1999

It is very common to use the powered hand tools to enhance the productivity in various types of industry. But the use of the powered hand tools could cause health problems such as cumulative trauma disorders and vibration white fingers. In this study. the effects of hand-arm vibration and anatomical hand position on localized muscle fatigue were analyzed. Eight healthy male subjects volunteered for the study. Vibration frequencies of 0, 40, 80, 100, 150, and 200Hz and hand position of flexion and ulnar deviation were selected for the independent variables of the experiment. Median frequency shifting was used as a dependent variable. The results indicated that at the vibration frequency of 40Hz and accelation of 2g, the muscle fatigue was the greatest. For the hand position. there was significant difference between neutral and flexion. and neutral and ulnar deviation, but no difference between flexion and ulnar deviation. These results could be applied in designing powered hand tools to minimize the health problems.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2024

PURPOSE. This cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study aimed to analyze the anatomical characteristics of alveolar bone at mandibular first molar (MFM) and their implications for immediate implant placement surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 100 patients with 140 MFMs were reviewed retrospectively. We first performed a 3D reconstruction of the patient's CBCT data to determine a reference plane with ideal implant placement and orientation. The following parameters of MFM region were analyzed: mesial-distal socket size (MDSS), buccal-lingual socket size (BL-SS), root furcation fornix to inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) distance (RF-I), interradicular bone thickness (IRB), mesial/distal root apex to the IAN distance (MRA-I/DRA-I), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the mesial root (MR-B/MR-L), thickness of the buccal/lingual bone of the distal root (DR-B/DR-L). RESULTS. The MD-SS of MFM was 8.74 ± 0.76 mm, and the BLSS was 8.26 ± 0.72 mm. The MR-B, DR-B was 1.01 ± 0.40 mm and 1.14 ± 0.50 mm, and the difference was statistically significant (P = .001). The values of the MR-L, DR-L were 2.71 ± 0.78 mm and 3.09 ± 0.73 mm, and the difference was also statistically significant (P < .001). The mean distance of RF-I was 15.68 ± 2.13 mm, and the MRA-I was 7.06 ± 2.22 mm, which was greater than that of DRA-I (6.48 ± 2.30 mm, P < .001). The IRB at 2 mm, 4 mm apical from the furcation fornix, and at apex level was 2.81 ± 0.50 mm, 3.30 ± 0.62 mm, and 4.44 ± 1.02 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION. There is relatively sufficient bone mass in interradicular bone in height, but an adequate width is lacking for the bone between the mesial and distal root after the extraction of the MFM for immediate implantation. The thickness of the MFM buccal bone is relative thin, especially for the mesial root.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2021

High-Resolution thoracic CT (HRCT) is a scanning protocol in which thin slice thickness and sharpness algorithm are utilized to enhance image resolution for diagnosis and assessment of interstitial lung disease (ILD). This examination is sometimes performed in both supine and prone position to improve sensitivity to early changes of these conditions. Anatomical structures (the size of lung field and heart and descending aorta) of 150 patients who underwent HRCT were retrospectively compared. HRCT had been conducted in two positions (supine and prone). Data were divided into five groups according to patient body weights (from 40 to more than 80kg, 10kg intervals, 60 patients/each group). Quantitative analysis was utilized in Image J program. In the supine position defined as the control group, the average values of lung fields and heart size and aorta were compared with the prone position defined as the experimental group. The size of the lungs was found to be higher in the supine position, and it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in patients over 70 kg (p<0.05). In addition, both sizes of the heart and descending aorta were larger in prone position, but in the case of the heart, there was no correlation with the presence or absence of ILD disease (p>0.05). Also, the area of prone in the descending aorta was higher than supine position, but there was no statistically significant difference between supine and prone position (p>0.05). In conclusion, when the severity of ILD disease was severe, there was no statistically significant difference in the area difference between supine and prone position, so it is considered that it will be helpful in diagnostic decision.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.279-282
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• 1996

Sequential brain SPECT imaging has been used to assess the cerebral perfusion reserve(CPR) in cerebrovascular diseases(CVD). We have realized a parametric images of CPR using normalized difference ratio and deadtime correction. For the anatomical localization of CPR, the parametric images were registered to the contours of the cerebral regions using optimal threshold method. The parametric imags reflected the CPR more reliably and distinctively. We conclude that the qunatitative estimation of CPR using normalized difference ratio image could be useful for the diagnosis and assessment of postoperative prognosis in CVD.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2004

Objectives : To investigate contributing degree of other factors except pelvic tilting to F.L.L.D by analizing with Gonstead technique on the correlation between femur head height discrepancy on the standing pelvic AP view and F.L.L.D caused by pelvic tilting. Method : We analysed standing pelvis AP X-ray of 70 patients who had visited at the department acupunture and moxibustion in Conmaul oriental medical hospital, during May, 1st, 2004 - July, 30th, 2004, with low back pain or lower extremity pain. We excluded the person with any past history of polio, genetic defect, malunited fracture, growth plate injury, infection and overgrowth attributable to hemangioma, or arteriovenous fistula. Results & Conclusion : The functional leg length discrepancy caused by pelvic tilting and femur head height difference had no statistical difference(p=0.132) but poorly correlated(Pearson ${\nu}=0.05$). In the 94.28% of subjects, the femur head height difference wasn't in accord with F.L.L.D. caused by pelvic tilting. In 47.14% of subjects were expected to have over $3^{mm}$ of leg length discrepancy after pelvic adjustment. The mean of measurement difference between two methods was $3.76{\pm}3.12^{mm}$ and the range was $0{\sim}11.4^{mm}$. Consequently, we must consider not only functional leg length discrepancy caused by pelvic tilting but also anatomical leg length discrepancy, misalignment of ankle, knee or hip joint etc.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.68-78
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• 1997

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox) 저해형 제초제로 알려진 oxyfluorfen(OF), acifluorfen(AF), bifenox(BF) 및 oxadiazon(OD)에 대한 밀과 보리의 감수성 차이를 생리적 요인, $^{14}$ C-oxyfluorfen의 흡수 및 해부학적 변화를 온실 및in votro 상태에서 알아 보고자 하였다. 1. OF에 대한 밀과 보리의 품종간 I$_{50}$ 검정결과, 밀품종들의 I$_{50}$ 은 $10^{-4}$ M의 진후를 보였고, 보리 품종들은 $10^{-6}$ 진후로 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 2. OF에 내성인 밀은 AF, BF 및 OD경엽처리에서 감수성인 보리보다 생체중 및 엽록소 함량 감소가 적었다. 그러나 이들 제초제들은 OF보다 밀과 보리간에 특이적인 반응차이는 보이지 않았다. 또한, 토양처리에서도 경엽처리와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 3. OF, AF, BF 및 OD의 100$\mu$M 처리에 따른 밀과 보리의 엽절편으로부터 시간별 전해질의 누출은 밀보다 보리에서 뚜렷하게 이루어졌다. 그러나 OF처리에서는 밀이 보리보다 광노출 10시간까지 차이를 보였으나 그 밖의 약제들은 광노출 후 20시간에서만 차이를 보였다. 4. 지질과산화 작용의 지표인 MDA의 생성량은 이들 약제를 $10^{-5}$M농도로 처리시 밀보다 보리에서 많았다. 따라서 밀과 보리는 온실 및 in vitro 수준에서 Protox저해형 제초제에 대한 뚜렷한 감수성 차이를 보였다. 5. OF에 대하여 내성인 밀은 감수성 보리보다 $^{14}$ C-OF의 흡수량이 적었고, 이러한 경향은 처리시간이 경과될수록 뚜렷하였다. 6. 밀은 OF 및 OD처리에 따른 잎표면의 구조적인 피해를 볼 수 없었으나, 보리는 납질의 손상이 컸다. 그러나 AF 및 BF처리에서는 밀과 보리간의 차이가 적었다. 또한, 4약제 처리에는 따른 밀은 해부학적 변화가 적었으나, 보리는 표피세포 및 엽육세포의 파괴로 엽신의 두께가 감소되는 경향을 보였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2013

Purpose: The aimed of this study was to investigate muscle activation related to postural stability according to different frequency of whole body vibration during quiet standing, to identify the most effective training conditions that cause the highest neuromuscular responses, and to evaluate the difference of EMG activation according to the anatomical position of the muscle - proximal or distal from the vibration platform. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this single-group, repeated-measures study in which EMG data from upper trapezius, rectus abdominalis, external oblique abdominalis, elector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius were collected over different frequencies (0-5-10-15-20-25Hz) for each subject during quiet standing. Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in the mean values of %RVC of muscular activation according to different frequencies of whole body vibration during quiet standing in all muscles (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that lower frequencies of vibration result in low muscular activation, and higher frequencies elicit high muscular activation. However, the most effective training condition that caused the highest activation was 20 Hz. In addition, the proximally located lower extremity muscles (GCM, RF, ST, GM) showed higher activation than the distally located trunk and neck muscles (ES, EO, RA, UT) together with increasing frequency.