• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2002

Daebangpung-tang(DBPT) is one of the prescriptions used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) in oriental medicine. The present study aimed to examine the analgesic effect of DBPT on a rat model of CFA-induced arthritis, which is not identical to human auto-immune arthritis although it does have many features in common with RA, and the relation between DBPT-induced analgesia and steroid hormones. CFA-induced arthritis rat model used to test the effect of DBPT was chronic pain model. After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for at least the next 18 days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. DBPT dissolved in water was orally administrated. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 4 hours. DBPT produce significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis lasting at least 3 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The reduced stepping force was divided into three stages(10-30g, 30-50g, and 50-70g). All experiments was performed at 50-70g of stepping force, since both DBPT and indomethacin showed the most excellent analgesic effect at 50-70g of stepping force. DBPT produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner and showed analgesic effect on neuropathic pain as well. DBPT-induced analgesic effect could not be blocked by systemic injection of steroid antagonist mifepristone. The present study suggest 1) that DBPT produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and 2) that steroids system does not mediate DBPT-induced analgesia.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1988

According to oriental clinic effect findings hitherto, Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang has been curative effects on chronic pharnygitis, acute tensillitis and angina. Auther tried to make clear the anti-inflammatory effect on rat paw which has become edema formation by $5\%$ of acetic acid／saline solution, and the analgesic effect on mouse thorough method of acetic acid because the medicine decoction of Kamipilyongbangkamgil-Tang, Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang, and the extracted powder of Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang are administered to rat and mouse. In present report, anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect of Pilyongbangkamkil-Tang, the extracted powder of the above prescription and Kamipilyongbangkamgil-Tang were estimated by the above test. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Kamipilyongbangkamgil-Tang (liquid), Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang and the extracted powder of Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang were tested for analgesic effects; Kamipilyongbangkamgil-Tang has the most effective analgesic function, then Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang, then the extracted powder, and I found that the t-test of those above prescriptions, in this order, should come to the result of voluntariness P〈0.001, P〈0.02, and P〈0.05 respectively. 2. Analgesic effects of pilyongbangkamgil-Tang and the extracted powder against the mouse pain induced by acetic acid have been strengthened by increase of double dosage and 4 fold dosage. 3. With Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang and Kamipilyongbangkamgil-Tang treated for rat, the increasing and the inhibitory rate of rat paw edema formation showed significantly statistical values, and the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracted powder of Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang is not supported so long than Pilyongbangkamgil-Tang. 4. The anti-inflammatory effect of Kamipilyongkamgil-Tang on the edema formed at the rat paw appeared significantly statistical value than the other sample.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2005

Collagen 유발(誘發) 관절염(關節炎) 동물모델을 이용하여 족삼리(足三里) (ST36) 봉독약월(蜂毒藥鉞)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果)와 그 기전(機轉) 을 관찰하기 위하여 TFL을 지표로 하여 통증 역치의 변화와 naloxone 및 yohimbine으로 전처(前處) 치한(置) 후 (後) 봉독약침(蜂毒藥鍼)의 진통효과(鎭痛效果)를 관찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Collagen 유발(誘發) 관절염(關節炎)의 rat에서 TFL 통증 역치는 1, 2, 3 및 4주로 갈수록 지속적 감소를 나타내었다. 2. 1회와 2주간 봉독약철(蜂毒藥鐵)은 collagen 유발(誘發) 관절염(關節炎) rat의 통증역치를 각각 증가시켰다. 3. CIA rat에 opioid receptor antagonist인 naloxone을 투여한 후 봉독약침(蜂毒藥鍼)을 처치한 결과 진통효과(鎭痛效果)가 유지되는 것으로 보아 봉독약광(蜂毒藥鑛)의 진통기전(鎭痛機轉)은 아편양 기전(機轉)과 관련이 없는 것으로 사료된다. 4. CIA rat에 ${\alpha}2$-adrenoceptor antagonist인 ohimbine을 투여한 후 봉독약침(蜂毒藥鍼)을 처치한 결과 진통효과(鎭痛效果)가 길항(拮抗)되는 것으로 보아, 봉독약침(蜂毒藥鍼)의 기전(機轉)은 ${\alpha}2$-adrenoceptor에 의하여 매개는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.184-189
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• 1996

Ohyaksungisan, combined preparation of crude drugs, has been used for hemiplegia, arthralgia and paralysis in traditional Korean medicine. The anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract from Ohyaksungisan(OSSE) was investigated on acetic acid-induced edema and adjuvant arthritis in rats. Acute toxicity and analgesic action in mice were also examined. Its anti-inflammatory activity on 5% acetic acid-induced edema and adjuvant arthritis was observed with oral administration. The acute toxicity showed 10% mortality at 2400 mg/kg (p.o), but was not showed at 1200 mg/kg (i.p). OSSE was showed to have significant analgesic action (P<0.05) at 150 mg/kg and this action was strengthened at 300, 600 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory effect was showed significant preventive effect on the hind paw edema from 90 min. and the adjuvant arthritis, when orally administered for 19 days. showed significant inhibitory effect on the hind paw edema from the 5th day.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1993

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effects of Sopoongyangjetang on the Anti-allergic effect, Analgesic action and Anti-inflammatory action. The results obtained as follows ; 1. In effect of Sopoongyangjetang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal serotonin, it had tendency to decrease, but was none significant effect. 2. In effect of Sopoongyangjetang on vascular permeability responses to intradermal histamine, it revealed significant effect. 3. In the homologous PCA provoked by the IgE-like antibody against white egg albumin, Sopoonyangjetang showed significant effect. 4. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to picryl chloride, Sopoongyangjetang was proved significant effect. 5. In the delayed type hypersensitivity responses to SRBC, Sopoongyangjetang revealed significant effect. 6. In analgesic action by acetic acid method, Sopoongyangjetang was recognized significantly. 7. In Anti-inflammatory action by carrageenine method, Sopoongyangjetang showed significant effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2003

Introduction : In this study, the analgesic effect and its mechanism of bee venom aqua-acupuncture on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats was investigated. It has been reported from a neurochemical standpoint that bee venom exerts antinociceptive effects on inflammation and that the opioid system and adrenergic system play important roles in acupuncture analgesia. however, it is not known whether central opioid and ${\alpha}2$-adrenergic components of the intrinsic descending analgesic system are activated after bee venom aqua-acupuncture. Methods : Bee venom(1mg/kg) was subcutaneously aqua-acupunctured into Joksamni($ST_{36}$) of rats with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA)- induced arthritis and was checked of increase in TFL. Opioid and ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic neurotransmitter system were examined by naloxone as an opioid receptor antagonist, and yohimbine as ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor antagonist prior to bee venom aqua-acupuncture. Results : The following results have been obtained. 1. The tail flick latency in the rat model with adjuvant-induced arthritis was significantly decreased in 2 weeks. 2. The tail flick latency in the rat model with adjuvant-induced arthritis was increased in bee venom aqua-acupuncture group compared to the normal saline aqua-acupuncture group. 3. Analgesic effect of bee venom was antagonized by yohimbine not by naloxone pretreatment in the rat model adjuvant-induced arthritis. Conclusions : Bee venom aqua-acupuncture has an analgesic effect on the rat model of adjuvant-induced of adjuvant-induced arthritis and has antinociception mediated by ${\alpha}_2$-adrenergic system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2021

Background: Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai (ASN) has been reported to have analgesic effects. In this study an animal model of pharmacopuncture using ASN (100-500 mg/kg) was examined. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 40) were randomly assigned to ASN-Low (1 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-L), ASN-Intermediate (5 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-M), ASN-High (10 mg/mL, 1.8 mL, ASN-H), negative control (0.2 mL normal saline), and positive control (0.2 mL 0.5% lidocaine) groups. All experiments were administered to the rats' left hind leg. The analgesic response was assessed by monitoring the physical (hot plate, and von Frey test) and chemical (formalin) responses to pain. Results: All ASN pharmacopuncture groups demonstrated significant differences in pain response to the hot plate test, von Frey test, and formalin test, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The response of the ASN-M group and ASN-H groups to the hot plate, the formalin, and the von Frey tests were significantly different, compared to the lidocaine group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: ASN pharmacopuncture had a significant analgesic effect on SD rats in response to physical and chemical models of pain.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1987

The present experiment was performed in 35 normal male volunteers to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on the human nociception more clearly and to demonstrate the effect of different parameters of electrical stimulation through acupuncture needles. The threshold of the pain(Tp) and the nociceptive flexion reflex(Tr), the threshold for intolerable pain(Tip) and that for obtaining maximal reflex response(Tmr) were studied before and after electroacupuncture performed on the acupoints of tsusanli and hsuanchung. 1) For the pricking pain, electroacupuncture with intermittent stimulation induced a significant decrease in Tp which recovered after removal of the needles. There was no significant change in other thresholds. 2) For the dull pain, electroacupuncture with intermittent stimulation produced a significant increase in Tp which continued after removal of the needles. But there was no signifcant change in Tip. Electroacupuncture with continuous stimulation induced a slight increase in Tp. 3) After resting without electroacupuncture, Tp and Tip of the dull pain were slightly decreased. These results suggest that electroacupuncture had no significant analgesic effect on the pricking pain induced by electrical stimulation of the foot skin. However, electroacupuncture with intermittent stimulation had significant analgesic effect on the weak dull pain and it had slightly greater analgesic effect than electroacupuncture with continuous stimulation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 1997

DA-5018, a new capsaicin derivative, showed potent analgesic effect comparable to that of morphine in various experimental acute pain models. in this study, whether the analgesic mechanism of DA-5018 is related to opiate receptors or prostanoids was investigated. The affinity of DA-5018 for opiate receptor was determined by receptor binding assay. The Ki values of DA-5018 for nonspecific and specific $\mu$, $textsc{k}$, $\delta$-opiate receptor was 299$\pm$8.88, 735$\pm$215, 2930$\pm$ 163, 1550$\pm$813 nM, respectively and DA-5018 exhibited lower affinity than morphine. DA-5018 (10-"~3$\times$10-′M) inhibited electrically-evoked contractions of the guinea ply ileum and rat vas deferens, and these inhibition was not antagonized by naloxone(10 nM), an opiate receptor antagonist. Antagonism of analgesic effect of 7A-5018 by naloxone was examined by tail pinch test. Analgesic action of DA-5018(0.1 ~2 mg/kg, 5.c.) was not antagonized by naloxone(1 mg/rg, i.p.). These results indicate that pharmacological action of DA-5018 is not related with opiate receptor. Cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase activities in rat peritoneal neutrophil treated with A23187 and arachidonic acid were measured by radioimmunoassay. DA-5018 stimulated the cyclooxygenase activity and the concentration show-ing the two fold increase of activity was 124$\mu$M. DA-5018 slightly inhibited 5-lipoxygenase activity and these results together indicate that analgesic action of 3A-5018 is not mediated through inhibition of cyclooxy genase or lipoxygenase. These results suggest that the analgesic effect of DA-5018 is not due to blocking opiate receptor or to inhibiting the synthesis of prostanoids in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.257-278
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• 1995

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Bojeosodokeum on the Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Anti-convulsive effects in mice and rats. The results obtained as follows : 1. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on analgesic effect. 2. the solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on Anti-inflammatory effect. 3. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on antipyretic effect. 4. Antimicrobial effects of solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum against Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was observed. 5. The solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum was revealed significant action on anticonvulsive effect. According to the above results, it is confirmed that analgestic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimicrobial and anticonvulsive effect were recognized in solid extract powders of Bojeosodokeum.