• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1981

A simple, accurate and specific NMR procedure is described for the determination of amplicilin and cloxacillin mixtures in injection dosage form and capsules. The solvent was dimethysulfoxde $d_{6}$ and maleic acid was the internal standard. By integrating the peak at 2.68 ppm and 4.57 ppm, cloxacillin and ampicillin could be determined respectively. The relative proton ratio of ampicillin trihydrate and cloxacillin were 1.038 and 0.950. The coefficents of variation of amplicillin trihydrate and cloxacillin in a few commerical preparation were 1.55 % (n =9), 2.69 % (n =15).

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 1995

Staphylococcus aureus SA2, which was isolated from patient, is resistant to 10 usual antibiotics. The methanolic extracts of 21 well-known herb materials were combined with 10 antibiotics and applied to cheek inhibitory effects on the resistance of S. aureus SA2. The hexane fractions from methanolic extracts of Acori graminei Rhizoma and Anethi Fructus had most potent activity to inhibit the resistance of the bacteria when combined with ampicilin or chloramphenicol.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.438-443
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• 1992

Thirteen strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soil in Korea and characterized. The all strains produced parasporal crystals and spores in their cells. Two strains had bipyramidal crystals, seven strains contianed round ones and four strains had unregular ones. Only minor biochemical characteristics of the thirteen isolates were different and distinctive, however general characteristics were similar to the known serotypes of B. thuringiensis. Two strains were resistant to ampicilin. Three strains were resistant to bacitracin, six strains were resistant to cephalothin, two strains were resistant to colistin, HL-68 strain was resistant to gentamycin, HL-67 strain was resistant to kanamycin and HL-71 was resistant to tetracycline. Two strains were resistant to penicillin G. Four strains were toxic to Bombyx mori larvae and eleven strains were toxic to Culex pipiens larvae.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.378-380
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• 1994

The hydrolysis of metampicillin to ampicillin was investigated using high perofrmance liquid chromatography. We developed the simultaneous determination of metampicillin and ampicilin using a Zorbox CN column and 5% acetonitrile and 8% methanol in 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) as mobile phase. Matampicillin was hdyrolyzed to ampicillin with half life of 41.5 min at physiological pH and temperature. In acdic pH, metampicillin was rapidly hydrolyzed to ampicillin within a chromatogrphic separation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.364-370
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• 1994

A microscopic mass balance approach has been developed to estimate the extent and rate of absorption for camier-mediated comounds. For the case competitive inhibition in the presence of an inhibitor which shares the same camier, the fraction dose absorbed (F) and absorption rate constant ($K_a$) of a drug can be calculated from its concentration profile in the intestinal lumen. Absorption parameters obtained by single-pass perfusion experiments were used in the simultaion of the absorption of some aminopenicilins. Predicted fractions dose absorbed and absorption rate constants of ampicilin and amoxicilin were significantly reduced in the presence of a 6-times higher molar dose of cyclacilin. The drug-drug interactions on the competitive absroption of camier-mediated compounds were determined with regard to F and $K_a$. Predicted decreases in F for some aminopenicilins corrlated well with decrease in the urinary recovery in humans reported in the literature. Predicted decrease in the mean absorption rate constant ($\barK_a$) explain the delays in the time of peak plasma concentration ($T_{max}$) reported in humans.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.438-442
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• 1994

Antimicrobial activity of GL (the aqueous extract from the carpophores of Ganoderma lucidum ($F_RK_{KARST}$) was tested in vitro aginst Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method, and the antimicrobial activity was expressed by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Among fifteeen species of bacteria tested, the natimicrobial activity of GL was of antimicrobial combinations of GL with four kinds of antibiotics (ampicilin, cefazolin, oxytet-racycline and chloramphenicol), the fractional inhibitory concentraction index (FICI) was determined by checkerboard assy for each stain. The antimicrobial combinations of GL with four antibiotics resulted in additive effect in most instances, synergism in two instances, and antagonism in two instances. Synergism was obversed when GL was combined with cefazolin against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella oxytoca.

• 약학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2007

Antibiotic resistance patterns of 21 antibiotics were studied for 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a hospital in Busan from July 2005 to December 2006. All strains showed antibiotic resistance to more than one antibiotic and 3 strains showed resistance to 17 different antibiotics. The strains isolated between 2005 and 2006 had lower resistance rate to 12 antibiotics (other than vancomycin and ampicilin) than the strains isolated between 1989 and 1990. In particular, no chlorarmphenicol resistant strain was found in this study which is contrasted with 34.8% resistant rate obtained in the study conducted between 1989 and 1990. In respect of vancomycin, no resistant strain was found in this study which is the same result obtained in the 1989 to 1990 study; All strains investigated in this study showed 100% resistance rate to ampicillin compared to 69.6% in the previous study.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1985

One hundred and twenty seven strains of Gram-negative rods (72 E. coli, 45 Klebsieila pneumoniae, 8 Enterobacter spp. and 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from bovine mastitis were examined for resistance to ampicilin, carbenicillin and cefazolin, ${\beta}$-lactamase activity and transferable ${\beta}$-lactamase plasmids. Stains resistant to ampicillin were 13.9% in E. coli, 93.3% in Klebsiella pneumoniae, 87.5% in Enterobacter. spp. and all in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Resistance of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. to ampicillin was due to the ${\beta}$-lactamases, but all Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited a high level of the non-enzymic resistance. Transferable plasmid-mediated ${\beta}$-lactamase synthesis was demonstrated in 61.9% of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 50% of E. coli and 42.9% of Enterobacter spp. The same ${\beta}$-lactamase plasmids specified different resistance levels to various ${\beta}$-lactam antibiotics in different recipients.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.37.1-37.4
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• 2012

In the present study, the volatile oil, chloroform extract and methanol extract of the woods of the plants Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus using the Agar diffusion method. The susceptibilities of the microorganisms to the extracts were compared with each other and with a selected standard antibiotic. It was observed that the volatile oil and chloroform extracts showed the significant antibacterial activities while the least antibacterial activity was recorded with the methanolic extracts. The higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration value of the extracts and oils against fungus suggested that the plants may possess less antifungal activity. Phytochemical analysis and thin-layer chromatography profiling revealed the presence of flavonoids and terpenoids in the oil and chloroform extracts, which could explain the antimicrobial activity. The findings suggest that the Cedrus deodara and Pinus roxburghii have antimicrobial properties and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, further work is required in order to isolate the active constituents of the plants responsible for the antibacterial activity.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.410-414
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• 1992

난분해계 물질을 분해할 수 있는 균주 개발에 유용한 클로닝백터를 개발하기 위하여, Pseudomonas putida 로부터 유래한 R 플라스미드 pKU10 을 HindIII 로부터 부분소화하여 약 8.5 kb 의 새로운 플라스미드 pKU11 을 조립하고, 여러 숙주세포에서의 안정성 및 catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase 유전자의 클로닝 을 통해 난분해계 유전자클로닝 백터로의 유용성을 조사하였다. pKU11 은 높은 농도의 ampicilin 과 tetracyclin 에 대해서 내성을 나타내었고, P. putida TN1307 에 도입되었을 때 수세대 동안 안정되게 발현되었지만, Pseudomonas 이외의 숙주세포로서 E. coli 와 Achromobacter gr. D. V. 에 도입되었을 낮은 형질전환빈도와 불안정성을 나타내었다. pKU11 의 copy 수는 8 개로 조사되었고, pKU11 에 xylene 분해에 관련된 catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase 유전자를 클로닝 하였을 때 P. putida TN 1307 에서 잘 발현하였다. 따라서 pkU11 은 난 분해계 유전자를 클로닝하는에 Pseudomonas 에서 유용한 벡터로서 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.