• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2009

A reaction device raising a generation yield by efficiently removing water generated in an esterified reaction between diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and succinic acid with mixture of an azeotropic point was newly developed as a new product in development of more stabilized emulsifier with a semi-solid phase(cream) in an emulsified phase of interfacial activity. The bis-(diethylene glycol monoethyl ether succinate(hereinafter, called as BDGS) with a high yield of more than 95% was obtained. As this has a property containing amphoteric emulsified functions such as W/O type or O/W type, etc., and has a merit that can be used regardless of any emulsified phase, there is no need using other emulsified surfactant. therefore, as this has excellent skin wetability in the cosmetics industry, a product having a wider range in quality compatibility or cost saving, etc. as a humectant has been developed.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.164-169
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• 2015

Nowadays blending ratio of OMG (old magazine) in recovered paper used for manufacturing newspaper have been increased. When large amount of OMG is consumed in newsprint mill, brightness can be improved by inorganic pigments of coating layer. On the other hand decrease in yield of deinking process will be encountered because the pigments can be removed as reject of froth flotation process. Therefore selection of the optimal deinking agent is an important. Non-ionic surfactant have been used widely in newsprint mill. Non-ionic surfactant has amphoteric characteristics. Hydrophilic group is ethylene and propylene oxide that can induce hydrogen bonding with water molecules. In this regard, cloud point is an important parameter in order to control efficiency of deinking process because hydration of the hydrophobic group can be varied according to temperature of a system. In this study, deinking properties of ONP at high blending ratio of OMG was analyzed according to cloud points of non-ionic surfactants. $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, brightness and effective residual ink concentration did not affected by the change of cloud points. Especially, flotation reject decreased significantly according to increase in cloud point of the non-ionic surfactant. Consequently, when a nonionic surfactant having a cloud point higher than the temperature of the system is used, properties of the deinked pulp can be maintained and yield of deinking process can be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1994

In order to review industrial application of amphoteric surfactants, new types of hydroxy sulfobetaine, 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-dimethyl-N-alkylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate and 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-acylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate were prepared by the reaction of quaternized sodium 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-propane sulfonate with N, N-dimethyl-N-alkylamine and N, N-dimethyl N-acylamido propylamine that have a straight chain radical of 12, 18 carbon atoms respectively in the presence of alkali catalyst. All the reaction products could be separated by means of column and thin layer chromatography, and the yields of all products ranged in $85{\sim}90%$, the structure of them could be confirmed from IR and $^{1}H$-NMR spectra.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 1994

Amphoteric surfactants were synthesized by the cyclization of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester. Compound [I] was easily hydrolyzed with water, especially in the presence of a alkali, to afford amidoamines. After [I] was hydrolyzed, the reaction mixture was allowed to react with acrylic acid ethyl ester and then soapoinfied. Only sodium salts of N- -(2-carboxyethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl]dodecanoyl amide[III] was obtained. However, when the reacton of [I] with acrylic acid ethyl ester was carried out in the presence of water, followed by soapnification, ring cleavage of [I] occurred at 2, 3 position, different from hydrolysis of [I] where the cleavage occurred at 1, 2 position, to give sodium salts of N-[N'-(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [IV] and N-[N', N'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)aminoethyl]-N(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecanoyl amide [V] as main products.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.379-386
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• 2015

The solubilization of p-chlorobenzoic acid in aqueous solutions of pure cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, and their mixed surfactant systems have been measured by the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The effects of hydrophobic tail-group with different chain length and the hydrophilic head-group on the solubilization of p-chlorobenzoic acid have been studied and also thermodynamic parameters have been calculated from the dependence of K_s values on the temperature. The results show that the values of ΔG^o for the solubilization by all surfactant systems are negative and the values of ΔH^o and ΔS^o are all positive.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.192-199
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• 2003

Trimethylglycine, commonly named betaine, is the most simple amphoteric molecule. It is completely vegetal (1,2), as it is produced in the sugar industry by industrial chromatography of molasses. While abundantly used in foods and diet supplements, many interesting applications in cosmetics have recently been investigated, like its capability to increase the volume and stability of foams in surfactant solutions. For its special chemical structure (it is the internal salt of a weak acid and a strong alkali) trimethylglycine is a solvent and buffering agent for strong acids and Lewis' acids. It allows to improve the efficiency of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-hydroxy acids in increasing the physiological rate of epidermal cell renewal, while keeping a low skin-irritation level. In oral care cosmetics, it acts as a mucous membrane protectant (3). For its special water co-ordination capability, its solubilising power, polymer swelling capability, after-feel improvement in hair products, skin moisturization and elasticity enhancing properties, trimethylglycine provides unusual characteristics to many products intended for skin maintenance (4).(omitted)

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.215-220
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• 1996

Nine kinds of amphoteric surfactants were derived from 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline. Their surface activities including surface tension and isoelectric points were measured in aqueous solution and critical micelle concentration(cmc) was also evaluated by the measurement of surface tension. From the measurement of surface tension, carboxylated amides revealed to be 26~40dyne/cm at $4.0{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.0{\times}10^{-3}mol/{\ell}$, sulfonated or sulfated imidazolines, 30~35 dyne/cm at $1.5{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}2.5{\times}10^{-3}mol/{\ell}$ and sulfonated amides, 25~33 dyne/cm at $5.8{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}8.0{\times}10^{-4}mol/{\ell}$ concentration range. It was found that isoelectric points of carboxylated amides were pH 7.2~7.9 and those of sulfonated or sulfated imidazolines and sulfonated amides were pH 4.5~5.5.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 1992

Four novel amphoteric surfactants of N-alkoxyethylcarboxybetaine series were synthesized via Schotten-Baurnman reaction between four alkyl chlorides contaning 10, 12, 14 and 16 carbon atoms in their N-alkyl group and dimethylaminoethanol to give the intermediate products, alkoxyethyldimethylamine, Quaternization of these intermediates was permitted to form 2-(alkoxyethyldimethylarnmonio) acetates, whose structures were identified by elemental analysis. IR spectrophotometry and $^1$Hnmr spectrometry. The yield of the final products was shown in the range of $74{\sim}77%$ based on the yield of the intermediate products, Surface tension of the aqueous solution of the final products was measured. and the critical micelle concentrations(cmc) were shown in the range of $2.82{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}2.67{\times}10^{-6}$mol/l, and the surface thension at erne was 35${\sim}$43dyne/cm. Cmc was lowered gradually by the increase of carbon numbers in N-alkyl ether containing group. The isoelectric point was shown in the range of 4.08${\sim}$6.03. It showed a tendency to lean toward the acidic site and its range was broadened as increase of the hydrophobic group length. A linear relationship between log erne and the number of carbon atoms(N) in the hydrophobic alkyl chain was shown in the relative equation of log cmc=2.49-0.50N.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between physical properties of dried coacervate films and dry feel for shampoo composition. Simple shampoo compositions were made of two different cationic charge density polymers in the same surfactant compositions. The simple shampoo compositions were diluted with distilled water to make coacervate. Formed coacervate was collected by centrifuge (3,000 rpm, 30 min). Coacervate was coated on the glass plates and dried in drying oven (for 1 h, $50^{\circ}C$) to make the thin film. We carried out an experiment on measurement of contact angle, moisture loss ratio and SEM image analysis of the dried coacervate film. Dry feelings of the shampoos were evaluated by panel using hair tresses. Results show that the properties of dried coacervate films affect the dry feel of the after shampooing.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

Emulsion body cleansing systems containing high levels of occlusives have recently been developed such as using insoluble crystalline hydroxy waxes, insoluble crystalline surfactant structures, encapsulated particles and smectite clay. In this study, moisturizing effect of various occlusives such as petrolatum and triglycerides was researched in emulsion body cleansing systems. The experiment shows that petrolatum has less moisturizing capacity in emulsion body cleansing systems than triglycerides. In "leave-on" products such as lotion and cream formulations, the moisturizing capacity of petrolatum is more than that of triglycerides, but in "wash-off" emulsion body cleanser of this research, different results appeared. Emulsion body cleansing systems contained high levels of anionic and amphoteric surfactants, therefore petrolatum has more solubility and less deposited amount into the skin during washing process than triglycerides.