• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권8호
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• pp.605-616
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 만경강유역(1,602 ㎢)을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 미래 극한 기후변화 시나리오와 유역간 물이동 감소에 따른 유역의 수문 수질 변화를 미래기간(S1: 2010~2039, S2: 2040~2069, S3: 2070~2099)로 구분하여 평가하였다. 이를 위해 유역간 물이동량, 유역내 취수량, 점 오염원 등을 고려하여 SWAT 모형을 구축 후 수위 관측소 2지점(대천, 전주), 수질 관측소 2지점(삼례, 김제)에 대하여 유출량과 부하량을 보정(2012~2014년) 및 검증(2016~2018년)하였다. 검보정 결과 유출량의 평균 R²는 0.7, NSE는 0.51이었으며, SS, T-N, T-P의 평균 R²는 0.72, 0.80, 0.72로 분석되었다. 미래 기후변화에 따른 연평균 유출량은 최대 459 mm/yr 증가하였으며, 연평균 SS, T-N, T-P 부하량은 각각 최대 19,548 ton/yr, 68,748 kg/yr, 13,728 kg/yr 증가하였다. 미래 유역간 물 이동량이 감소하였을 때, 봄과 겨울에 유출량이 감소하였으며, 미래 수질 부하량은 강수량의 영향으로 과거 관측 기간보다 증가하였다. 유출량 감소와 부하량 증가로 인한 수질 악화를 개선하기 위해서는 유역간 물이동이 일정 수준으로 지속되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

Scour hole is formed due to the high shear stress of the jet flow at the outlet of a hydraulic structure and vortex erosion occurs in the scour hole. It is important to determine the amount of vortex erosion occurs in the scour hole. It is important to determine the amount of vortex erosion for the design of bed protection. If the vortex erosion continues and reaches to the hydraulic structure, it causes the deformation of the structure itself. To obtain the amount of the vortex erosion, it is necessary to determine the shear velocity of the line vortex in the scour hole was derived by the theory of energy conservation and found to be related to the upstream overflow velocity. The amount of vortex erosion from the scour hole was obtained using entrainment equation for given value of shear velocity. For a design purpose, if the flow velocity at the end of an apron and the properties of bed material are given, the amount of vortex erosion was obtained.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1970

To Know the factors required to make best quality of steamed rice with large amount of rice, several organizations that serve meals were surveyed. Factor that mostly influence the amount of water to the amount of rice is a kind or rice. In the case of good quality rice, when the amount of rice is more than 10cups, the ratio of water to rice is 0.9 and that of poor quality rice is 0.7 Average ratio is 0.8 Therefore, ordinarily with the ratio of 0.8, good quality of steamed rice can be made. Washed rice should be used to measured the of rice. To make a good quality of steamed rice with large amount of rice, center part of the boiling rice should be stirred generously several times to equalize the temperature.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

1. 우리나라 9개도의 각 도별 중앙에 위치한 1개 지역을 대상으로 한 총 9개 지역의 최근 30년간의 기상자료 분석에 의한 고추 재배 기간인 5월~10월의 일평균 PET는 $2.69mm\;day^{-1}$ 이었다. 2. 노지재배 고추의 우리나라 9개 지역을 대상으로 한 기존의 물관리 지침서 및 물 절약형 물관리 지침서를 이용하여 산정한 고추의 재배 기간중 총 평균 관개량은 각각 594.1 mm, 286.7 mm 이었다. 3. 물절약형 관개 기준에 따른 토성별 물 절약량은 사양토 309.4 mm, 양토 303.3 mm, 미사질양토 309.5 mm 이었으며, 평균 307.4 mm 이었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1981

The influence of laundering conditions on calcium deposition on the fabric was studied by repeated laundering the cotton fabric with soap in the hard water of 200 P.P.M. $CaCO_3$. The experimental variables were: 1) soap concentrations ($0.06\%$, $0.13\%$, $0.25\%$), 2) water contents in the fabric after hydroextraction. ($65\%$, $150\%$, $315\%$), 3) builders (Na-EDTA, sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate), 4) washing cycle (5, 10, 15, 20 cycles). The fabric was washed for 15 minutes at $23\pm1^{\circ}C$ in a washing machine (Model; Gold Star Wp-2005) under the similar conditions with those of home laundering, and rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was determined by the EDTA-Back titration method described by Wasserman and Basch. Results of this study were follows: 1) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric increased with increasing wash cycles. 2) During the rinsing process, residual calcium content on the fabric increased with water content in the fabric after hydroextraction. 3) The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric decreased with the increasing soap concentration above the equivalent amount of calcium ion content in the water. 4) Sequestering agents and alkaline builders influenced the amount of calcium deposits on the fabric. The amount of calcium deposits on the fabric was in the order of sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, nonbuilder, and EDTA.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.475-491
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• 2005

공업용수 수요량 예측방법으로 현재 사용되고 있는 부지면적원단위법의 문제점을 분석하고 이에 대한 대안으로 수요함수를 이용하는 방법을 분석한다. 실제 조사 자료인 산업 총조사보고서의 자료와 비교하면 최근의 공업용수 수요량은 부지면적 원단법의 수요량 예측치보다는 본 연구에서 사용한 수요함수를 이용하여 추정한 수요량 예측치가 훨씬 더 정확하게 추정되었음을 보여준다. 그리고 가격 변화에 따른 수요량 변화 효과가 상당함을 보이고 있으므로 공업용수 수요량 관리를 위한 가격정책의 유효성을 보여준다. 따라서 향후 공업용수 수요량 추정에서는 부지면적원단위법보다는 용수 가격 및 산출량 등 경제적인 변수를 고려한 수요함수를 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2004

Imidacloprid를 물과 물-토양계에 처리후 광에 노출시켜 광분해 특성을 조사하였다. 물중에서 imidacloprid는 극성화합물로 전환이 빠르게 이루어져서 약제 7일에는 수상대 유기상의 분포비가 80 : 20 이었으며, 이러한 경향은 조사 후 60일까지 지속되었다. 광에 의한 imidacloprid의 대사물인 imidacloprid urea는 노출 1 일차에 0.0112 mg/kg이 검출되었으며, 7일차에는 0.0391 mg/kg로 최고 농도에 도달한 후 감소하여 60일에는 검출되지 않았다. 물-토양계에서 imidacloprid의 농도는 약제처리 7일 후 평형상태에 도달하였으며, 극성화합물로 전환은 7 일간 지속되어 수상과 유기상간 분배비는 80 : 20로 전환되었다. 광에 의하여 imidacloprid의 농도는 약제처리 당일에는 1.6538 mg/kg, 1일에 0.8785 mg/kg으로 감소하여 15일에는 검출한 계 미만으로 검출되지 않았으나, 광분해산물인 imidacloprid urea는 약제 처리 3일에 최고 농도인 0.0259 mg/kg에 도달한 후 감소하였다. 물과 물-토양계에서 imidacloprid는 광에 의하여 분해되어 imidacloprid urea가 생성되는 분해경로를 확인하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the sensory quality, the degree of gelatization, pH, color, texture and moisture content of paeksolgi with omija water extracts added. The results of the analysis were as follows : The moisture contents of Paeksolgi were about 36~39%. The L value of the control group was 83.04 The degree of the colour was (L value: 71.82~86.56), (a value: -1.33~+0.78), (b value : 7.84~9.78). As the amount of omija water extracts was increased. the L and a values increased, but the b value showed a similar value, It was found that the yellowness decreases by increasing the soaking time of each type. The gelatinization of Paeksolgi with omija water extracts added was decreased as the amount of omija was increased. The sensory quality of paeksolgi with 5~7% omija water extracts added showed the most favorable sensory evaluation. In view of color, after taste and overall quality, the D$_2$group of Paeksolgi was preferable to the other paeksolgi groups with omija water extracts added.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.470-479
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• 2004

The experimental conditions and relationships between parameters such as organic matter, aeration volume, aeration time, and precipitation time for the effective treatment of domestic wastewater were investigated. With the batch systems, the adsorption amount of unit microbe was measured with the change of MLSS concentration, precipitation time, and aeration amount. Theoretical adsorption amount of microbes was then numerically formulated by use of a SPSS multiple analysis as follows: $$Y=-0.0106(X_1)+0.07310(X_2)+42.705(X_3)+62.700$$ In this study, the amount of organisms to be removed in the range of MLSS concentration 2,000~4,500 mg/l were examined. In order to investigate the optimal condition of nitrification, the upper water in the biosorption stage was used as the initial experiment water. The results showed that the C/N ratio was 1.5 and the reaction time for the optimal nitrification was 1.5 hr. When the adsorption efficiency for microbe biosorption was 66%, the optimum denitrification efficiency was 83.3%. When the optimum parameters obtained from the batch experiment were applied to the lab-scale operation, the total retention time from the flow-in to flow-out was 10 hours and the removal efficiency was 93.8% for $COD_{cr}$ and 80.9% for TN. For the full-scale operation, the total retention time was 9.0 hours and the removal efficiency was 94.4% for BOD, 89.6% for $COD_{cr}$, 88.0% for TN, and 86.2% for TP.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2001

Following the prior studs regarding that 1.0g of cotton fabric round be dyed uniformly with a reactive dye in the solvent mixture of $2m\ell$ of water and $23m\ell$ of dichloromethane, silk fabric was dyed with C. I. Reactive Blue 203 in the water/dichloromethane two-phase immiscible solvent media. In order to minimize dye loss due to its hydrolysis, the reactive dyeing was carried out in dichloromethane containing a small amount of water. With only $3m\ell$ of water in $22m\ell$ of dichloromethane, 1.0g of silk fabric could be dyed perfectly. The uptake ratio was increased greatly, compared wish that of normal reactive dyeing in a water medium. It would seem that the one of hydrophobic solvents, dichloromethane, can assist the Even dyeing as it disperses a small amount of dye-dissolved phase and conveys this water phase to the fabric entirely and uniformly.