• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2000

양어용수 재순환을 위한 생물여과상의 처리효율을 향상시키기 위하여 전처리로서 오존처리와 고급산화($H_2O_2/O_3$) 처리가 다양한 조건하에서 시도되었다. 오존처리시 암모니아는 일차속도반응식으로 제거되었으며, 중탄산염 알칼리도가 증가할수록 제거효율이 향상되어 200 mg/L as $CaCO_3$에서 약 46%가 제거되었다. 고급산화법($H_2O_2/O_3$)을 적용시 알칼리도를 포함한 폐수의 경우 중탄산염의 저해작용으로 암모니아 제거율이 저조하였으나 0.1 N KOH로 초기 pH를 약 8.2로 맞추어 실험한 결과 암모니아 제거율이 오존처리시보다 향상되었다. 특히, $H_2O_2/O_3=0.25$ 조건하에서 가장 높은 암모니아 제거율을 나타내었으며, pH가 9 이상일 때 반응시간 30분동안 약 90%의 암모니아가 제거되었다. 그러나 유기물과 암모니아가 공존시 오존처리와 고급산화처리 모두 유기물과 산화제와의 빠른 반응으로 인하여 암모니아 제거율이 크게 저하되었으며, 최적 $H_2O_2/O_3$ 비도 변하였다. 암모니아 제거와 마찬가지로 고급산화처리의 경우 입자성유기물의 빠른 분해로 인하여 초기 10분간 DOC(dissolved organic carbon)농도가 증가한 후 서서히 감소하였다. 초기 암모니아 농도를 2배 이상 증가시켜도 유기물 산화에 저해를 주지 못하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2004

본 논문은 식물정유를 이용해 유해가스를 처리하는 경우에 식물정유의 주요구성성분을 파악하고 이를 통해 처리효율을 규명하는데 연구하였다. 또한 식물정유와 암모니아 가스에 의한 암모니아 제거반응 메카니즘을 규명하였으며 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 암모니아 가스는 중화반응에 의해 처리되는 경우에 식물정유의 화학구조에서 알코올기, 알데히드기 그리고 에스터기가 관여한다는 것을 밝혀냈다. 실험결과 앞서 언급한 화학작용기가 포함되어 있는 경우에 암모니아 가스와 중화반응으로 염을 형성하여 유해가스 제거과정을 갖는다 2) 암모니아가스를 제거하는 중화반응의 경우에 온도와 pH에 따라 처리효율을 크게 달라졌으며 온도는 높은 온도보다는 적정 온도에서 제거효율이 거의 98%이상 제거되었으며 적정 pH는 pH가 중성인 경우에 최고의 처리효율이 얻어졌다. 3) 암모니아 가스의 처리효율은 식물정유을 통해 20분 이내에 암모니아 가스 처리 효율이 98% 이상 처리되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1995

The raw drinking water quality is getting worse because of the winter drought and the conventional treatment system is'nt suitable to obtain the satisfied quality of water. So, the advanced water system, BAC(Biological Activated Carbon) process is said to be effective to remove dissolved organics and ammonia nitrogen. In our study, the BAC pilot plant using Nak-dong river water is tested in low temperature. Following results are found from the study. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate of BAC system using wood-based carbon (PICABIOL) was 99% in $6^{\circ}C$ temperature. Chlorine dosage in wood-based BAC effluent was reduced to 67% of that in sand filtered wate. It resulted from the removal of ammonia nitrogen. Also, THM formed by chlorine addition in wood-based BAC effluent was decreased to 65% of that in sand filtered water. In the case of dual-filter, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was increased 30% more than in conventional sand filter. According to this result, the ammonia nitrogen load to BAC system could be lessened by the use of dual-filter.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.846-850
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• 2006

The biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio is difficult. Therefore, this study was performed to increase influent C/N ratio by ammonia stripping without required carbon source and for improving treatment efficiencies of sewerage by the combination process of ammonia stripping and BNR (StripBNR). The results of this study were summarized as follows. BOD removal efficiencies of BNR and StripBNR were 95.3% and 93.2%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of BNR were 53.3% and 40.8%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of StripBNR were 72.8% and 62.9%, respectively. Concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at BNR effluent were 0.03 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L and 9.12 mg/L, respectively. On the other hands, concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at StripBNR effluent were 5.79 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, influent C/N ratio of BNR process was increased by ammonia stripping. Removal efficiency of T-N and T-P was improved about 20% by the process of StripBNR.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2018

The river water source of Saidabad Surface Water Treatment Plant at Dhaka, Bangladesh, is deteriorated too much to be treated by conventional treatment process due to excessive ammonia pollution. In order to improve the raw water quality before it enters into the main treatment chain, a pilot study was conducted for pre-treatment of the raw water. The objective is to investigate the rate of reduction of ammonia using the Meteor pilot, a biological pretreatment system, which is a laboratory scale Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor with a nominal volume of hundred liters, filled with 50 L of Meteor 660 media. The reduction of ammonia was quite significant on average 73%, while the reduction of COD was in a range from 20 to 60%. The Meteor pilot was able to treat and nitrify the raw water and produce an effluent that respects the guarantee of ammonia < $4.0mg\;NH_3-N/L$ when the raw water ammonia concentration was < $15mg\;NH_3-N/L$. The study identified operating parameters necessary to achieve the desired goal of adequate ammonia removal. The study results would benefit a range of systems across the country by providing guidance on the design and operation of a biological pre-treatment system for ammonia removal.

• 청정기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2021

도금폐수의 처리는 폐수의 pH, 중금속 및 시안(CN)함유에 따라 다양하고 복잡한 공정이 적용된다. 이중 시안(CN)의 처리는 차아염소산(NaOCl)을 이용한 알칼리 염소 처리법이 일반적으로 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)와 시안(CN)이 동시에 함유될 경우 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)의 처리를 위해 차아염소산(NaOCl) 이 과다하게 소비되는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구는 시안(CN)처리에 있어서 1) 알칼리염소법에서 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)농도에 따른 차아염소산(NaOCl)의 소모량을 조사하고 2) ferrate (VI)가 시안(CN)을 선택적으로 처리할 수 있는지를 평가하였다. 모의폐수를 이용한 실험결과 알칼리염소법에서는 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)농도가 높을수록 시안(CN)의 제거율이 감소하였으며 차아염소산(NaOCl)의 소비량이 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 농도에 따라 선형적으로 증가하였다. Ferrate (VI)를 이용한 시안(CN) 제거에서는 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 농도에 관계없이 시안(CN)의 제거를 확인하였으며 이때 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N)의 제거율은 낮아 ferrate (VI)가 시안(CN)을 선택적으로 제거함을 확인하였다. Ferrate (VI)의 시안(CN) 제거효율은 pH가 낮을수록 높게 나타났고 ferrate (VI) 주입량에 관계없이 99% 이상을 보였다. 실제 도금폐수에 적용한 결과에서는 ferrate (VI)와 시안(CN)의 투입 몰비 1:1에서 99% 이상의 높은 제거율을 보였으며 이는 화학양론 반응식의 몰비와 일치하는 결과로 모의 폐수와 동일하게 암모니아성 질소(NH₃-N) 및 기타오염물질이 함유된 실제 폐수에서도 선택적으로 시안(CN)을 제거하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.3003-3006
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• 2010

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.145-147
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• 2009

Nutrients in wastewater should be removed prior to release in the receiving waters to prevent the occurrence of eutrophication. In this study, seawater is used to remove ammonia and phosphate by the formation of struvite ($MgNH_{4}PO_{4}{\cdot}6H_{2}O$). It aims to know the optimum conditions for the removal of nutrients using seawater as source of magnesium ions. Experiments were performed using jar tester and pH of ammonium-phosphate solutions were adjusted Samples were drawn at different mixing times. It was shown that simultaneous removal of ammonia and phosphate is rapid, with no significant reduction beyond 10 min of mixing Another important parameter is pH, where range 10-11 showed the optimum nutrient removal. Increase in the volume of seawater, which meant an increase in magnesium ions also lead to better removal.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2008

Ammonia is an inorganic compound that may cause severe odor problem. In this study the effectiveness of applying natural neutralizer to destroy and remove the odor-causing compound from gas streams was studied. Experimental result evaluated with a bench-scale apparatus via the neutralization of gas phase. This indicates that the natural neutralization depends on the gas concentration, gas residence time, temperature and pH. Removal efficiency of ammonia from gas stream was achieved by 95% using theconvection in the packed bed. This study proved the chemical neutralization technology was effective for controlling inorganic odor-causing compound.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2017

The performance of electrolytic processes using copper and catalyzed electrodes for enhanced nutrient removal with various catalyzers and combinations of electrodes was evaluated. The catalyzed electrodes removed more ammonia nitrogen than the copper electrode, but higher ammonia removal was achieved using a Pt/Ti anode. On the other hand, electrolysis using the Pt/Cu anode consumed less energy and cost less. During electroreduction, nitrate was better removed by a pair of copper electrodes than by the catalyzed electrodes. During electrolysis of synthetic wastewater, ammonia removal not only increased owing to direct oxidation at the anode, but was also influenced by indirect oxidation at the cathode. Platinum-coated copper and titanium cathodes actively produced oxidizers and thus removed more ammonia than a pure metal cathode. Although phosphorus was removable irrespective of the type of catalyzer, electrocoagulation using the copper electrode achieved complete removal of phosphorus in a period of less than 10 min.