• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2005

A flock of Arbor Acres chickens were reared in cages and provided with high energy pelleted feed. At 14 d of age, a total of 350 birds were separated into 3 groups randomly as follows: 100 birds were exposed to ambient temperature of 20$^{\circ}C$ as a control group, 150 birds were exposed to lower ambient temperature of 11$^{\circ}C$ to induce ascites (group I), and another group of 100 birds were exposed to lower ambient temperature of 11$^{\circ}C$ and fed diet containing 1% L-arginine for ascitic prophylactic treatment (group II). Blood and tissue samples (lung and liver) were collected from chickens at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 wk of age subsequently, to analyze the concentration and activities of free radicals, mononaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The results showed that the prevalence of ascites in the control, group I and group II was 3%, 9.33% and 3% respectively (p<0.01). The concentration of free radicals in the lungs of 3 wks old preascitic broilers in group I was significantly higher than in the corresponding control group (p<0.05). The concentrations of free radicals in lung and liver in the 7 wk period, and that of NO and SOD in the plasma were significantly lower in group I than in the control group (p<0.01). However, the accumulated MDA contents in group I were higher than in the control group and group II (p<0.05), respectively. In the same way, the activity of NOS in group II was higher than both group I and control group (p<0.01) during the 7 wk period. There was no significant difference between SOD activities of group II and the control group (p>0.05), and also insignificant difference between NOS in group I and the control group (p>0.05). The results of this study indicate that there was a significant decrease in the concentration of MDA in group II. On the other hand, the concentration of free radicals decreased and MDA concentration increased in group I during the 7 wk period. The reduction in concentration of MDA in group II, following arginine supplementation may be associated with the scavenging activity of NO.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.860-868
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• 2014

The study was performed to investigate changes in hematological responses and antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT) of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica following exposure to 0 (control), 2.33, 4.60, 6,64 and 8.78 mM nitrite-N in fresh water for 48 h. Hematological parameters such as plasma nitrite, electrolytes, cortisol, glucose, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), hemoglobin (Hb), methemoglobin (metHb) and NADH-methemoglobin reductase (NMR) were measured. Plasma nitrite, cortisol, metHb and NMR increased directly with increasing ambient nitrite concentration, while Hb content showed a progressive decline. Levels of plasma potassium, GOT and GPT of the eel exposed to 6.64 mM ambient nitrite were significantly higher than the control fish. The activity of SOD and CAT in plasma, gill and liver of the eel following exposure to nitrite were augmented by increasing ambient nitrite. Levels of plasma nitrite, metHb, NMR, cortisol, glucose and antioxidative enzyme activities of the eel exposed to 2.33 mM ambient nitrite were significantly higher than the control fish. This study suggested that the eel acutely exposed to elevated ambient nitrite causes nitrite-induced stress responses, changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and hematological parameters.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.339-349
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• 1995

The purpose on this study is to optimize the chromatographic determination method of trace aldehydes in ambient air. Carbonyl compounds in urban air were trapped at $C_{18}$ DNPH-coated cartridges, and generated hydrazone derivatives were separated by HPLC and detected by UV-vis spectroscopic detector at 360nm. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde compounds could be isolated from urban(Seoul) air with more than 95% collection efficiency. The analytical detection limits for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are 0.06pp $b_{v}$, 0.08pp $b_{v}$ for 108 L air samples, respectively. The precision of this method are 3 .sim. 4%(RSD) for mutiple injection of hydrazone standards. Separation of seven dinitrophenylhydrazones could be achieved in appoximately 20 minutes operation time using $C_{18}$ column with apprepriate eluent. The method was applied to the analysis of aldehydes and ketone in Seoul ambient air. The 24-h ambient levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde reached up to 6 .sim. 14 and 3 .sim. 8ppbv, respectively. The daily average concentration ratio were 0.60 for acetaldehyde/formaldehyde.yde.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the level of PCBs and distribution of PCB congeners in the ambient air of Korea and Japan. The source of PCBs were also studied by a statistical method. The TEQ concentration of PCB in the ambient air of Korea and Japan were between 0.003 and $1.01\;pgTEQ/m^3$(mean value : $0.22\;pgTEQ/m^3$) and between 0.002 and $0.014\;pgTEQ/m^3$ (mean value: $0.007\;pgTEQ/m^3$), respectively. The ambient air of industrial area of Korea showed a fluctuation in PCB concentration than other sampling area. The isomer distribution patterns in the ambient air was more or less similar in all sampling places. In addition, highly chlorinated homologues ($7{\sim}10CB$) were detected in the only Korea industrial area. This observation suggests that there is a possibility of specific source of PCBs in the industrial area. The source identification of PCB in ambient air was performed using multivariate statistical analysis(principal component analysis). As a result, it is estimated that the Korean ambient air was more influenced by combustion process than the ambient air of Japan and also the effect of PCB commercial products was relatively a small.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.2 s.57
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• pp.111-118
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• 2007

This study was performed to measure gaseous Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs : heptachlor epoxide, ${\alpha}/{\gamma}-chlordane$, trans-nonachlor, endosulfan, ${\gamma}-HCH$ and p, p'-DDE) concentration using PUF high volume sampler from June, 2000 to June, 2002 in the semi-rural atmosphere. Using monitoring data for two years, we tried to investigate the annual cycles of gaseous OCPs. We considered three functions to describe the annual cycle: Gaussian, Lorentzian and sinusoidal functions. These functions accounted for $54{\sim}91%$ of the variability in concentration for each gaseous OCPs, and the sinusoidal function gave the best fits. It was seen that the gaseous OCPs concentration increased during the warmer weather while decreased during colder weather. The variation of the gaseous OCPs concentration was closely similar to the variations of ambient temperature. The annual cycle of endosulfan was strongly higher than in comparison with other gaseous OCPs, while for ${\gamma}-HCH$, the cycle was weakly high and did not show apparent seasonal variation. The position of the annual maximum exists generally late July to early August. The period that showed levels more than a half maximum was from late June to early September.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2015

This paper focuses on the applicability of a continuous monitoring method on trace sulfur compounds in the ambient air by TD and GC/PFPD. The target compounds for monitoring include H2S(hydrogen sulfide), Methyl mercaptan, Dimethyl Sulfide, and Dimethyl disulfide. The result of QA/QC on monitoring instruments satisfies all the standards of Odor Measurement and Analysis Method, showing that the reproductivity of the compounds by concentration is within 10%, linearity is above 0.98 of a correlation efficient, method detection limit is 0.16 ppb by MM standard, and recovery rate is over 70%. Monitoring was conducted for two years from March 2006 to February 2008. As a result of the monitoring, the average concentration of H2S was 0.08 ppb, with the maximum concentration at 16.15 ppb. The result indicates that it is reasonable to do continuous monitoring as there appears a spontaneous event of high concentration by the condition of the site during monitoring odor-causing substances. Therefore, it is suggested that the continuous monitoring method used in this paper is appropriate to identify the characteristics of sudden occurrence and concentration variations of sulfur compounds.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.534-544
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• 2011

The secondary aerosol forming potential of ambient air was first measured with the Potential Aerosol Mass(PAM) chamber at Gosan supersite on Jeju island from October 22 to November 5, 2010. PAM chamber is a small flowthrough photo-oxidation chamber with extremely high OH and $O_3$ levels. The OH exposure in the PAM chamber was $(2{\pm}0.4){\times}10^{11}{\sim}(6{\pm}1.2){\times}10^{11}$ molecules $cm^{-3}$ s and was similar to 2 to 5 days of aging in the atmosphere. By periodically turning on and off UV lamps in the PAM chamber, ambient aerosol and newly formed aerosol (e.g. called as PAM aerosol) was alternately measured. Aerosol number and mass concentration in the range of 10~487 nm in diameter was measured by SMPS 3034. With UV lamps on, the nucleation mode particles smaller than 50 nm in diameters were formed. Their number concentration was greater than 105 $cm^{-3}$, leading to increase in aerosol mass by 0~8 ${\mu}gm^{-3}$. The variations of PAM and ambient aerosols were greatly dependent on characteristics of air masses such as precursor concentrations and degree of aging. This preliminary results suggests that PAM chamber is useful to assess the aerosol formation potential of air mass and its impact on the air quality. The further analysis of data with gaseous and particulate measurements will be done.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.443-445
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.265-266
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2021

Along with an increase in the frequency of high-concentration fine particulate matter in Korea, interest and research on ammonia (NH₃) are actively increasing. It is obvious that agriculture has contributed significantly to NH₃ emissions. However, studies on the long-term effect of fertilizer use on the ambient NH₃ concentration of agricultural land are insufficient. Therefore, in this study, NH₃ concentration in the atmosphere of agricultural land was monitored for 11 months using a passive sampler. The average ambient NH₃ concentration during the total study period was 2.02 ㎍ m^-3 and it was found that the effect of fertilizer application on the ambient NH₃ concentration was greatest in the month immediately following fertilizer application (highest ambient NH₃ concentration as 11.36㎍ m^-3). After that, it was expected that the NH₃ volatilization was promoted by increases in summer temperature and the concentration in the atmosphere was expected to increase. However, high NH₃ concentrations in the atmosphere were not observed due to strong rainfall that lasted for a long period. After that, the ambient NH₃ concentration gradually decreased through autumn and winter. In summary, when studying the contribution of fertilizer to the rate of domestic NH₃ emissions, it is necessary to look intensively for at least one month immediately after fertilizer application, and weather information such as precipitation and no-rain days should be considered in the field study.