• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.107-118
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• 2016

Purpose - Over 90% of Domestic logistics industry is small enterprise and they are experiencing growth stagnation due to price-based competition structure rather than constructing logistics service of high added value. In order to get over this situation and pursue the development of logistics industry, strengthening its competitiveness, through inter-enterprise cooperative network build-up, would be a key alternative. Therefore, in this study, an index for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of Joint logistics business will be developed as a typical collaborative business model in logistics industry. Moreover, a strengthening competitiveness method suggests a developmental step and a key management index to mature in logistics industry. Research Design, Data, Methodology - This study is an index development research for measuring inter-enterprise cooperation level of logistics industry. Such a level was measured by performing a survey by targeting enterprises that participated in Joint logistics business. The targeting enterprises are typical cooperative models in logistics industry. Measurement items were developed which were based on the presented items in existing research. Question items were composed of selection type questions as answering Yes/No. They measures implementation status of corporate activity and detailed activity items measuring qualitative level. Total samples were based on 116 enterprise samples including 90 logistics enterprises and 26 shippers. In addition, by evaluating the importance for Joint logistics business recognition with personnel working level, the weight of measuring variable was extracted. This study has built an assessment tools (LPCI) on Joint logistics business cooperation level in a situation where there are no previous studies on joint logistics business, this study is meaningful for other studies. Results - As a result of analyzing LPCI presented in this study, the score of logistics enterprise was represented as 59.9 points based on full score of 100 points and that of shippers as 47.2 points and cooperation level among enterprises participated in Joint logistics business was revealed to be very low. In particular, as a result of measuring the importance between logistics enterprise and shippers, the difference by each measurement standard was represented among those enterprises. This difference is considered to be a key factor that cooperative operational conformity between logistics enterprises and shippers is represented to be low. Conclusions - As most joint logistics business, being promoted at present, is sharing facility and information with joint logistics business, it is hard to find such a joint logistics business in reality based on cooperative business model in main cooperation agents. Therefore, competitiveness of logistics industry could be strengthened by promoting joint logistics business based on their mutual cooperation among enterprises. In other words, it is to secure sustainable competitiveness of joint logistics business together with creation of new market by inter-enterprise cooperation based on integration of basic logistics business.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.387-411
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• 2014

School violence is now considered not only as a problem for a victim and a offender themselves, but also as a social problem that requires responsibilities of school, home, society, and even nation. Crimes and risk factors are various inside and outside of school. In terms of solving those problems, this study examines the actual condition of school violence among students. In addition, it is considered what efforts are conducted by police to establish a safe school environment and the problems that derive from it. Futhermore, this study aims to discuss the ways of using the private security with regard to dealing with school violence. In this society, the expectation of security service from the police is increased as time passed. However, police has limited resources, thus it is beyond their practice. Policing has changed from being monopolized by government to cooperating with various security agents. Community is not considered as the subject for enforcing the law anymore, but as the cooperator for effective policing. With regard to the limitation of police force, using the private security is an effective alternative. Therefore, it is required that private security should be assigned legal authority and shared information with schools in order to patrol the blind spot. Finally, school violence prevention efforts should be conducted by applying physical and electronic security.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.163-176
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• 2009

Objectives : To address most probable and suitable method for designing clinical trial intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine on hwa-byung. Study Design : A systematic review of research studies of complementary and/or alternative medical(CAM) treatment of depression, and of domestic clinical trials of Traditional Korean Medicine, and of Chinese clinical trials of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods : Randomized, controlled trials(RCTs) of treatment of depression intervening herbal medicine were searched through MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases. Also, domestic RCTs intervening Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine were searched through Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal and Korean studies Information Service System(KISS). Studies were evaluated using Iadad scale and self-designed tool for this study. Results : Thirty four RCT studies( 10 from MEDLINE, 16 from CNKI, 8 domestic studies) of herbal medicine met inclusion criteria. Mean Jadad score of studies published in English was 2.8${\pm}$0.79, in Chinese 1.94${\pm}$0.77, and in Korean 2.75${\pm}$0.71. Twenty one percent of studies included pattern differentiation in their inclusion criteria. Twenty nine percent of studies used combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine. Among studies on depression, 9% included Complementary Medical assessing tools. Conclusions : There is shortage of domestic clinical trial involving herbal medicine. In China, studies tend to focus on investigating effect of Combined treatment of herbal and conventional medicine on depression. Clinical trial(s) of hwa-byung should provide good internal validity by describing methodology for randomization, double-blinding, and attrition. Also, specific guideline for clinical trial, including Traditional Korean Medical aspects across inclusion criteria, and assessing tools is needed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2008

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) developed by the USDA-Agricultural Research Service for the prediction of land management impact on water, sediment, and agricultural chemical yields in a large-scale basin was applied to Daecheong Reservoir basin to estimate the amount of soil losses from different land uses. The research outcomes provide important indications for reservoir managers and policy makers to search alternative watershed management practices for the mitigation of reservoir turbidity flow problems. After calibrations of key model parameters, SWAT showed fairly good performance by adequately simulating observed annual runoff components and replicating the monthly flow regimes in the basin. The specific soil losses from agricultural farm field, forest, urban area, and paddy field were 33.1, $2.3{\sim}5.4$ depending on the tree types, 1.0, and 0.1 tons/ha/yr, respectively in 2004. It was noticed that about 55.3% of the total annual soil loss is caused by agricultural activities although agricultural land occupies only 10% in the basin. Although the soil erosion assessment approach adopted in this study has some extent of uncertainties due to the lack of detailed information on crop types and management activities, the results at least imply that soil erosion control practices for the vulnerable agricultural farm lands can be one of the most effective alternatives to reduce the impact of turbidity flow in the river basin system.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 1998

The lack of characteristical understanding of the Home Economics Education will have difficulty in achieving the goal of the Home Economics Education. To allow the Home Economics Education class in school contribute toward the enhancement of the quality of life, it is inevitable to reinforce the recognition of the importance and necessity of the Home Economics Education and to newly propose a directional guidance forward the coming 21st century. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for planners of the future Home Economics Education by surveying research administrators in charge of programming the overall school curriculum. This study was conducted under the following procedure to have the outcome as follows ; 1. Answers from respondents of age over 50 or careers over 16 years tended to grasp the goal of Home Economics Education in relation to the enhancement of quality of life rather than to the accumulation of knowledge, skill or capacity. 2. Of all the surveyed, 9.64% regarded Home Economics Education as an essential part of school education and the positive ratio was higher with younger respondents. 3. To the question asking if the high school Home Economics Education could have influence on one's capacity, 97.2% of the answerers said yes. The respondents with career under 15 year showed 100% of positive agreement in this matter and of age under 40 marked much higher ratio of 98.84% than the elders. 4. The overall recognition of the necessity for separate sections in Home Economics Education programmed in accordance with the 6th Revision of High School Curriculum displayed a considerably high ratio, with a little differences among age and job groups. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand adolescents'culture, thereby to provide fundamental information for Preventive Education for Adolescents'Problems in Home Economic Education. 745 articles collected in computer communication service were used for the analysis. The data were analyzed by frequency and percentage using the SPSS/PC+computer program. The most important results of this study were as follows ; 1) Concerning 'Adolescent's Problems's, problems such as violence, homicide and robbery were treated with the greatest frequency. It was also analyzed that the older generations are highly inclined to understand adolescents'culture as a negative one, for example, 'delinquency'or 'immaturity'. 2) Although the area of 'Adolescents'Education'was treated most frequently reflecting the high educational concern in our society, the significant part of those articles were on wrongful educational administration. As much as 70.6% of the articles analyzed were on 'Education'and 'Problems'. Thereby it may be concluded that the other areas such as health, activities, worries, values and harmful environments ere treated respectively as only a 'subculture'or'fragmentary culture'. The articles containing correlations and interactions among them and certain alternative proposals were very rare. 3) The areas such as 'Worries and Counselling'and 'Health'were occupying only a small portion of the articles. The articles which were treating the practical worries and their resolutions were even rarer. 4) 'Values'of the adolescents tended to be viewed by the older generations very negatively. It was also found that the older generations gave the tendency to see the 'consumption culture'of the adolescents as a kind of 'counter culture'or'subculture'.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.368-377
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• 2012

The comprehensive countermeasures against school violence recently announced by the government include some content on physical education classes. Physical education has long been ignored in school paradoxically in spite of the deteriorating physical strength and health of adolescents. The physical education subject undervalued in the middle of overly excessive competitions for college entrance exams finds its core goal in whole person education and officially emphasizes the development of personality aspects, which means that physical education claims important significance by providing diverse approaches to school violence prevention. This study thus set out to enhance the roles of physical education for school violence prevention. In Korean society, school violence has taken deep root due to the combined results of individual, family, school and community factors, the growth-first policy driven by compressed modern growth, and neoliberalism based on economic efficiency. School violence possesses such fixed value systems and convictions in Korean society. Education has failed to achieve some effectiveness because of the serious level of school violence, which calls for assessment of ideology having big impacts on educational environments. Given that it has been rediscovered that physical education has legitimacy of alleviating or preventing school violence through its value, an alternative to eradicate school violence should start with physical education normalization in school. Specific alternatives including the activation of sports clubs in school will be established as more fundamental practical alternatives when accompanied by the development of school violence-related programs and the operation of in-service training programs for physical education teachers.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.57
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• pp.84-108
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• 2012

This article is concerned with exploring labour market transformation in newspaper industry and thereby looking into skill formation and professionalization of journalists. In Korea, according to previous research, newspaper journalist labour market had been characterized by a low inter-firm mobility of workers and patterns of long-term employment and firm-based skill training. However, over the past few years, as new product strategies of newspaper firms has changed due to management crisis employers pull back from the responsibilities of investment on skill training and securing job stability for journalists. However, in spite of overall weakened firm-based skill formation systems within the market, there still seems to be long way to build alternative systems of skill developments for them. As a result, it will be argued that, in the absence of manifest labor market institutions such as apprenticeships or skill certification system, which are assumed to traditionally certify workers' professionalization, occupational identity and professionality of newspaper journalist labour market will be weakened. Labor market data from interviews with journalists in the newspaper industry are used in order to test this hypothesis.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.78-83
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 건설CALS/EC 기반의 정보화 추진을 위한 정보시스템을 개발할 때 적용되는 기존의 소프트웨어 개발방법론의 문제점을 분석하고, 표준화되지 않은 개발방법론의 적용으로 시스템 개발에 비효율적인 비용을 투자하는 문제점과 특성상 입찰, 구매, 계약 등 분야별로 상이한 기능의 업무에 따라 구축되는 건설산업 정보화에 있어서 상호간에 데이터 및 프로세스를 원활히 통합하지 못하므로 인하여 발생되는 개발의 중복성, 정보 활용의 비효율성 등의 문제점을 개선하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 최근 새로이 부각되고 있는 방법론인 컴포넌트 기반 개발방법론(CBD: Component-Based Development)을 사용하여 건선CALS/EC 표준지침 웹서비스를 위한 시스템의 업무프로세스를 모델링하여 사용자가 쉽게 재사용가능하고 타업무분야에 확대 가능한 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 기존의 소프트웨어 개발 방법론의 적용상 문제점 분석을 통하여 컴포넌트 기반 개발방법론의 필요성을 증명하고 비즈니스 컴포넌트 프레임워크를 사용하여 건설 CALS/EC 표준지침 웹서비스의 업무프로세스에 적용할 기술적인 방법론을 고찰하고 업무에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 업무프로세스 컴포넌트를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 컴포넌트 모델은 향후 타업무분야의 시스템을 개발할 때 사용자요구분석 단계부터 별도의 재 작업이 없이 사용될 수 있으며 시스템을 구현할 때 개발 모듈의 중복방지와 용이한 비즈니스로직의 변경 등이 가능하며, 추가의 업무 프로세스나 연관된 다른 분야의 업무프로세스의 반영 및 추가 시 컴포넌트의 활동모델을 쉽게 수정하여 정의함으로써 쉽게 시스템의 기능을 확장할 수 있다.LE 산정에 관한 지속적인 실험적 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다. 증가할 것이다. 또한 부분육을 이용한 완전제품, 적색육제품, 유기농이나 별미식 제품과 같은 형태의 다양한 포장육 제품이 도입 될 것으로 생각되어진다.e in vitro SPF test method will be able to be used as an alternative method for in vivo SPF in case of lotion and cream. replica. A statistically significant improvement of Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30-treated site was seen in decreased wrinkles. Star Fruit Leaf Extract BG30 results in clinically visible improvement in wrinkling when used topically for 5 weeks. 또한 관계마케팅, CRM 등의 이론적 배경이 되고 있는 신뢰와 결속의 중요성이 재확인하는 결과도 의의라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 신뢰는 양사 간의 상호관계에서 조성될 수 있는 특성을 가진 반면, 결속은 계약관계 초기단계에서 성문화하고 규정화 할 수 있는 변수의 성격이 강하다고 할 수가 있다. 본 연구는 복잡한 기업간 관계를 지나치게 협력적 측면에서만 규명했기 때문에 많은 측면을 간과할 가능성이 있다. 또한 방법론적으로 일방향의 시각만을 고려했고, 횡단적 조사를 통하고 국내의 한 서비스제공업체와 관련이 있는 컨텐츠 공급파트너만의 시각을 검증했기 때문에 해석에서 유의할 필요가 있다. 또한 타당성확보 노력을 기하였지만 측정도구

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2012

In order to improve or replace the direct addition method of nitrite and ascorbic acid, the effect of nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas addition on color development and physical characteristics in emulsified sausage was investigated. Nitrite (150 ppm) and ascorbic acid (450 ppm) were added directly to emulsion in the control group, but in the treatment group nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas was used for emulsion. In the control and treatment groups, pH values were higher than raw meat, but these values did not show significant change during the storage in both groups. In the meat color, lightness (CIE $L^*$) and redness ($a^*$) values of control and treatment groups were higher compared to raw meat. The treatment group has lower redness and higher yellowness ($b^*$) values than control group during the storage (p<0.05). However, lightness was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. The cook and storage loss values were significantly different between control and treatment groups (p<0.05), but the water holding capacity and shear force values were not significantly different between groups. These results showed that treatment of nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas has a similar effect to direct addition of nitrite and ascorbic acid on color development and physical characteristics in emulsified sausage. Also, these results showed that nitrite and ascorbic acid-derived gas addition may be a good possible alternative of nitrite and ascorbic acid using in emulsified sausage.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-133
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• 2002

Background : It is very common in Korea to take care of non-acute patients in an acute setting, due to the lack of long-term facilities. Long term hospitalization increase medical expenses and decreases the bed utilization, which can affect the urgent and emergent admissions, and eventually jeopardize the hospital financially. In this study, strategies for effective transfers to the lower levels of care, and to decrease the length of stay were presented by surveying and analyzing the patient's knowledge of the transfer needs, and the willingness to transfer those whose hospital length of stay was more than 30days. Method : The survey is subject to a group of 251 patients who have been hospitalized over 30 days in a general hospital in Seoul. Excluding those that were in the Intensive Care Unit and psychiatric ward, 214 in-patients were used as participants. They were surveyed from April 9, 2002 to April 17, 2002. One hundred and thirty seven out of 214 were responded which made the response rate 64%. Data were analyzed by SAS and SPSS. Result : Multi-variable Logistic Regression Analysis showed a significant effect in medical expenses, knowledge of referral system and the information of the receiving hospital. The financial burden in medical expenses made the patient 10.7 times more willing to be transferred, knowledge of the referral system made them 5 times more willing to be transferred, and the information of receiving hospital makes 6.5 times more willing to be transferred. Reasons for willing to be transferred to a lower level of care were the phase of physical therapy, the distance from home, the attending physician's advice and being unable to be treated as an out patient. Reasons for refusing to be transferred were the following. The attending physician's competency, not being ready to be discharged, not trusting the receiving hospital's competency due to the lack of information, or never hearing about the referring system by the attending physician. Conclusion : Based on this, strategies for the effective transfer to the lower levels of care were suggested. It is desirable for the attending physician to be actively involved by making an effort to explain the transfer need, and referring to the Healthcare Coordinating Center, which can help the patient make the right decision. Nationwide networking for the referral system is the another key factor that may need to be suggested as an alternative to decrease the medical expenses. Collaborating with the Home Health Agency for the early discharge planning and the Social Service Department for financial aid are also needed. It is recommended that the hospital should expedite the transfer process by prioritizing the cost and the information as medical expenses, knowledge of referring system and the information of the receiving hospital, are the most important factors to the willingness to transfer to a lower level of care.