• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2001

Route selection needs the analysis function of GSIS to analyze and manipulate a lot of spatial information efficiently. Therefore, it needs the linkage of system requiring the knowledge and the experience of experts as a method that can estimate each quantitative route for an efficient route selection. In this study, the route selection model through construction and analysis procedure of position information using GSIS were presented, and route selection system linked with expert system was developed. This system is easy to be used and managed for presenting route alignment according to conditions as a graphic user interface environmental window system by applying three tiers based object-oriented method. Using GSIS, the various information required for route selections in database was constructed, the characteristics of subject area by executing three-dimensional terrain analysis was grasped effectively, and the control point through buffering, overlay and location operation was extracted. Three alternative routes between a beginning point and an end point inputted by route selection system were selected. Therefore, the applications of the route selection system are presented by applying this system to the real study area.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

Natural gas is one of the most promising alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuels because of its lower harmful emissions, including $CO_2$, and high thermal efficiency. In particular, natural gas is seen as an alternative fuel for heavy-duty Diesel Engines because of the lower resulting emissions of PM, $CO_2$ and $NO_x$. Almost all CNG vehicles use the PFI-type Engine. However, PFI-type CNG Engines have a lower brake horse power, because of reduced volumetric efficiency and lower burning speed. This is a result of gaseous charge and the time losses increase as compared with the DI-type. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of injection conditions (early injection mode, late injection mode) on the combustion phenomena and performances in the or CNG Engine. A DI Diesel Engine with the same specifications used in a previous study was modified to a DI CNG Engine, and injection pressure was constantly kept at 60bar by a two-stage pressure-reducing type regulator. In this study, excess air ratios were varied from 1.0 to the lean limit, at the load conditions 50% throttle open rate and 1700rpm. The combustion characteristics of the or CNG Engine - such as in-cylinder pressure, indicated thermal efficiency, cycle-by-cycle variation, combustion duration and emissions - were investigated. Through this method, it was possible to verify that the combustion duration, the lean limit and the emissions were improved by control of injection timing and the stratified mixture conditions. And combustion duration is affected by not only excess air ratio, injection timing and position of piston but gas flow condition.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.164-169
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• 2020

Use of SiPM has been considered as an alternative to PMT, because of its compact size, low-operating voltage, non-sensitive to electromagnetic, low costs and so on. The main limitation for the use of SiPM is due to its small sensitive area compared to PMT that limits the light collection, and therefore the sensor energy resolution. In this article we studied the effect of increasing the number of SiPM by connecting them in parallel to increase the active detection area. This allowed us to compare the different energy resolution measurements. ¹³⁷Cs has been selected as reference to study the energy resolution for 662 keV gamma-rays. Another investigation was to compare the minimum detectable gamma energy under various SiPM configurations. It has been found that the use of 4 SiPM arrays can greatly improve the energy resolution up to 4% than only one SiPM array, meanwhile use of more than 2 SiPM arrays does not increase the energy resolution significantly. Thus we can conclude that for a large area of cylindrical scintillator (3 × 3 inches), the use of SiPMs are limited to a certain number or certai active area depending on the commercial SiPMs, and its cost should be less than traditional PMT for the cost-effective and compact size considerations. It is well known that the gain of SiPM varies with temperature. In this article, we also calibrated gain to guarantee the same position of photoelectric peak in response of different temperatures.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.788-794
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• 2010

Purpose: The fingertip is the most commonly injured part of the hand and its injury frequently results in avulsion or crushing of a segment of the nail bed and fracture of the distal phalangeal bone. Restoration of a flat and smooth nail bed is essential for regrowth of a normal nail, which is important not only for cosmetic reasons but also for tactile capability of the fingertip. It is also anatomical reduction of the distal phalanx to promote patient's cosmetics and prevent nail bed deformity. Absence or no replacement of the nail plate results in obliterated proximal skin fold. When the avulsed nail plate cannot be returned to its anatomic position or when it is absent, we use a synthetic material for splinting the nail bed and alternative reductional method for distal phalangeal bone fracture, especially, instead of hardwares. Methods: From January of 2006 to June of 2009, a total of ten patients and fourteen fingers with crushing or avulsion injuries of the fingertip underwent using the artificial nails for finger splint. We shaped artificial nails into the appropriate sizes for use as fingernail plates. We placed them under the proximal skin fold and sutured to the fold proximally and to the lateral and medial edges of the nail bed or to the distal fingertip. Our splints were as hard as K-wire and other fixation methods and more similar to anatomic nail plates. Artificial nails were kept in place for at least 3 weeks. Results: No artificial nail related complication was noted in any of the ten cases. No other nail fold or nail bed complications were observed, except for minor distal nail deformity because of trauma. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to secure the nail bed after injury and reduce the distal phalangeal bone fracture, preparing a nail bed splint from a artificial commercial nail is a cheap and effective method, especially, for crushed or avulsion injuries of the fingertip.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.245-251
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• 1999

Carbon fibre reinforced plastic(CFRP) plate is one of the alternative materials for strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete members due to excellent strength and light weight. In this paper, the behavior of slabs strengthened with CFRP plate is observed and analyzed from the test results. Especially specimens with thick plate is tested when large moment and large shear force appear in same position. The failure mode is a peeling-off of the CFRP plate due to flexural-shear crack. This is observed near the loading points with thick plates. Because of this failure mode, thickness of CFRP plates does not influence on the failure loads. Depending on the loading pattern, it is necessary to consider different design criteria for reinforced concrete members with external reinforcement. When large moment and large shear force appear in same location, maximum thickness may limit to 0.6mm and ratio between moment of strengthened slab and moment of unstrengthened slab is proposed 1.5-2.0.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.126
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• pp.25-52
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• 2013

In this thesis, the author will examine how modern philosophical expression manifests in the field of ethics based on Kant's Ethics. The author will critically assess whether Kant's Ethics is an appropriate rational theoretical alternative to overcome today's ecological crisis. In the first section, the author lists the characteristics of modernity. The purpose of this section is to show why Kant's Ethics must be understood in the context of modern age and how his ethics expresses the ideology of the modernity(I). In the second section, the author will analyze the challenge Kant's Ethics face in relation to ecological crisis from the context of dualism between person and thing(II). In the last section, the author will inspect the flaw of Kant's Ethics based on his positive position regarding vicarious duties toward animals, and pose the basic direction of the theory of ecological publicness that can overcome the limits of Kant's Ethics in the context of a critical reconstruction of neo-confucian tradition(III).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.608-616
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• 2022

Power peaking factors (PPF) is an important parameter for safe and efficient reactor operation. There are several methods to calculate the PPF at TRIGA research reactors such as MCNP and TRIGLAV codes. However, these methods are time-consuming and required high specifications of a computer system. To overcome these limitations, artificial intelligence was introduced for parameter prediction. Previous studies applied the neural network method to predict the PPF, but the publications using the ANFIS method are not well developed yet. In this paper, the prediction of PPF using the ANFIS was conducted. Two input variables, control rod position, and neutron flux were collected while the PPF was calculated using TRIGLAV code as the data output. These input-output datasets were used for ANFIS model generation, training, and testing. In this study, four ANFIS model with two types of input space partitioning methods shows good predictive performances with R² values in the range of 96%-97%, reveals the strong relationship between the predicted and actual PPF values. The RMSE calculated also near zero. From this statistical analysis, it is proven that the ANFIS could predict the PPF accurately and can be used as an alternative method to develop a real-time monitoring system at TRIGA research reactors.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a system that analyzes drone photographic images of panel-type factory roofs and conducts abnormal detection of bolts. Currently, inspectors directly climb onto the roof to carry out the inspection. However, safety accidents caused by working conditions at high places are continuously occurring, and new alternatives are needed. In response, the results of drone photography, which has recently emerged as an alternative to the dangerous environment inspection plan, will be easily inspected by finding the location of abnormal bolts using deep learning. The system proposed in this study proceeds with scanning the captured drone image using a sample image for the situation where the bolt cap is released. Furthermore, the scanned position is discriminated by using AI, and the presence/absence of the bolt abnormality is accurately discriminated. The AI used in this study showed 99% accuracy in test results based on VGGNet.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

The global cod market is supposed to have weak structure with a high dependence on the supply of Russia, the United States, Norway, and China. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the cod supply chain for the worse. Fish processing facilities in China stopped their operation, and cod demand declined due to shrinking consumption in Europe. The position of South Korea as an intermediary trade country between Russia and China strengthened due to the U.S.-China trade war and the Atlantic cod decrease in 2019. However, this global cod supply chain collapse has caused South Korea to export accumulated cod to Indonesia and Vietnam at a bargain price, showing that South Korea was unable to cope with this supply chain crisis. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate changes in the global cod supply chain and their impacts on the intermediary trade of South Korea caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aims to provide implications by analyzing advanced cases in Denmark. As the cod supply chain crisis countermeasures, this study suggests that South Korea develop high value-added marine products, gain competitive advantages by solidifying the value chains of related countries, and activate export by discovering alternative markets in terms of the supply chain of the cod industry.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.247-257
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• 2023

Precise counting of cell number stands in important position within clinical and research laboratories. Conventional methods such as hemocytometer, migration/invasion assay, or automated cell counters have limited in analytical time, cost, and accuracy., which needs an alternative way with time-efficient in-situ approach to broaden the application avenue. Here, we present simple coding-based cell counting method using image analysis tool, freely available image software (ImageJ). Firstly, we encapsulated RFP-expressing bacteria in a droplet using microfluidic device and automatically performed fluorescence image-based analysis for the quantification of cell numbers. Also, time-lapse images were captured for tracking the change of cell numbers in a droplet containing different concentrations of antibiotics. This study confirms that our approach is approximately 15 times faster and provides more accurate number of cells in a droplet than the external analysis program method. We envision that it can be used to the development of high-throughput image-based cell counting analysis.