• Title/Summary/Keyword: alternative fuel

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Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether(DME) Fuel Compared to Various Diesel Fuels

  • Lee, Seang-Wock;Kim, Duk-Sang;Cho, Yong-Seok
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2008
  • It is recognized that alternative fuel such as dimethyl ether (DME) has better combustion polluting characteristics than diesel fuel, even though the cetane number of DME is almost the same as that of diesel. Characteristics of DME spray were observed experimentally under various ambient conditions using a constant volume chamber and a common-rail injection system. N-dodecane and LPG fuel sprays were also observed under same conditions of DME spray. Using spray images from backlight scattering and Mie scattering, characteristics of fuel sprays such as penetration and spray volume were visualized and quantitatively measured. The measurements showed that the penetration of early period decreased remarkably, because evaporation of alternative fuels became prosperous by the influence of flash boiling phenomenon under the condition of the low temperature and pressure compared with n-dodecane. The penetration of DME and LPG spray received the influence of temperature more largely in comparison with low density, because the specific surface area increased by atomizing in high density.

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A Study on the Combustion Characteristics of DEE as an Alternative Fuel in Diesel Engine (디젤기관의 대체연료로서 DEE의 연소 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 유경현;최준혁;오영택
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 2001
  • Nitrogen oxides(NOx) and smoke emissions of diesel engine are regarded as a source of air pollution, and there is a global trend to enforce more stringent regulations on these exhaust gas emissions. However, the trade-off relation of NOx and smoke is a main obstacle to reduce both of them simultaneously. In this paper, experiments were conducted with an oxygenated fuel(diethyl ether) as an effective way to improve the trade-off relation of NOx and smoke. Exhaust emissions of diesel fuels with DEE were influenced by the additive content of DEE and the injection timing. Especially, DEE effected more at the high engine speed and load than at the low engine speed and load. Diesel fuel blended with DEE 10% was a desirable blend for the simultaneous reduction of NOx and smoke.

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Building a Market Share Model of Alternative Fuel Vehicles: From Generic System Archetypes to System Dynamics Modeling (시스템 원형을 활용한 시스템 다이내믹스 모형 구축: 대체연료차량 시장 모형의 예)

  • Kwon, Tae-Hyeong
    • Korean System Dynamics Review
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.27-43
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    • 2008
  • This study investigates market barriers in increasing the market share of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs). In particular, this study first conceptualizes the AFVs market model with the aid of generic system archetypes suggested by Wolstenholme. Among four generic system archetypes suggested by Wolstenholme, the market structure of AFVs can be explained by the 'relative achievement' archetype. Starting from the generic system archetype, this study extends the model boundary step by step to take account of various model assumptions necessary to simulate the model numerically. If there is a significant network effect on vehicle operating costs, it is difficult to achieve the shift to AFVs even in the long term without a policy intervention because the car market is locked into the current structure. There are several possible policy options to break the 'locked-in' structure of the car market, such as subsidies on vehicles, subsidies on fuels, and a niche management policy.

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Development of CO2 Emission Factors for Alternative Fuels with Assessment of Emission Reduction in Cement Industry (시멘트산업의 CO2 배출계수 개발 및 대체연료 사용에 의한 온실가스 저감량 산정 연구)

  • Yoon, Seok-Kyung;Myeong, Soo-Jeong;Jang, Tae-Hyeog;Kim, Jin-Su;Lee, See-Hyung;Kim, Ki-Hyun;Jeon, Eui-Chan
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.189-195
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    • 2008
  • We developed emission factors for alternative fuels used in cement industries in Korea and also estimated reduction in emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) by the use of alternative fuels. Emission factors for GHG of waste tire, waste plastic, waste oil and RDF were estimated to be about 89, 78, 77 and 95 ton $CO_2$/TJ respectively. When compared with previous studies, most of the results showed similar trends. The calorific value estimation and elemental analysis for energy source were implemented in order to estimate the exact emission factors and the reduction of GHG emissions using alternative fuel. In the case of 'A' company, $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 4% lower than that of bituminous coal only. Also in case of company 'B', $CO_2$ emission from alternative fuels was about 1.4% lower than that of only bituminous coal. In Germany and Japan, alternative fuel is not regarded to be fuel consumption in cement industry. When applying this rule, the emission reductions were about 4.3% for company 'A' and 6.3% for company 'B'. The results of this study may be considered as a useful information for developing strategies in reducing GHG emissions.

A Study on Combustion Characteristics with Ethanol and Hydrogen Enriched Gas Addition in Gasoline Engine (가솔린 엔진에서 에탄올 및 수소농후가스 첨가에 의한 희박연소특성 연구)

  • Park, Cheol-Woong;Choi, Young;Oh, Seung-Mook;Kim, Chang-Gi;Lim, Ki-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2008.11b
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    • pp.2928-2933
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    • 2008
  • Trends of the automotive market require the application of new engine technologies, which allows for the use of different types of fuel. Since ethanol is a renewable source of energy and it contributes to lower $CO_2$ emissions, ethanol produced from biomass is expected to increase in use as an alternative fuel. It is recognized that for spark ignition (SI) engines ethanol has advantages of high octane number and high combustion speed. In spite of the advantages of ethanol, fuel supply system might be affected by fuel blends with ethanol like a wear and corrosion of electric fuel pumps. So the on-board hydrogen production out of ethanol reforming can be considered as an alternative plan. This paper investigates the influence of ethanol fuel on SI engine performance, thermal efficiency and emissions. The combustion characteristics with hydrogen-enriched gaseous fuel from ethanol reforming are also examined.

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An Experimental Study on Spray Characteristics of Bio-diesel fuel in Three Injectors with Different Operating Mechanism for Common-rail System (커먼레일 시스템용 구동방식에 따른 인젝터별 바이오디젤 분무 특성 연구)

  • Sung, Gisu;Kim, Jinsu;Jeong, Seokchul;Lee, Jinwook
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.88-94
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    • 2015
  • Recently, exhaust gas regulation has been gradually strengthened due to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental problem like a global warming. Due to this global problem, the demand for eco-friendly vehicle development is rapidly increasing. A clean diesel vehicle is considered as a realistic alternative. The common-rail fuel injection system, which is the key technology of the clean diesel vehicle, has adopted injection strategies such as high pressure injection, multiple injection for better atomization of the fuel. In addition, the emission regulations in the future is expected to be more stringent, which a conventional engine is difficult to deal with. One of the way for actively proceeding is the study of alternative fuels. Among them, the bio-diesel has been attracted as an alternative of diesel. So, in this study, spray characteristics of bio-diesel was analyzed in the common-rail fuel injection system with three injectors driven by different operating mechanism.

Comparisons of Environmental Characteristics between Diesel and Dimethyl Ether as Fuels (디젤과 디메틸에테르의 연료로서의 환경적 특성 비교)

  • Han, Soon-Rye;Chung, Yon-Soo
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.144-151
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    • 2008
  • Life cycle assessment was carried out to evaluate the environmental values of dimethylas a diesel alternative fuel with the assumption of dimethyl ether production from natural gas via synthesis gas. The whole life cycles from raw material acquisitions to the final usages of diesel and dimethyl ether were involved in the assessment. Inventory analysis showed that the most significant environmental impacts came from resource depletions and air emissions. Impact assessment revealed that dimethyl ether was environmentally better in the aspect of human health and ecosystem quality but worse in resource depletions compared with diesel fuel. Suggestions for environmental improvement of dimethyl ether as a diesel alternative fuel were prepared based on the assessment results.

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Experimental Study of Emission Characteristics for CNG Passenger Car (CNG 승용 자동차의 배출가스 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-jun;Lee, Ho-kil
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2015
  • Recently, most of the energy consumed in vehicle is derived from fossil fuels. For this reason, the demand for clean, renewable and affordable alternative energy is forcing the automotive industry to look beyond the conventional fossil fuels. Natural gas represents today a promising alternative to conventional fuels for vehicles propulsion, because it is characterized by a relatively low cost, better geopolitical distribution than oil, lower environmental impact, higher octane number and a higher self ignition temperature. Above all, CNG is an environmentally clean alternative to the existing spark ignition engines with the advantages of minimum change. In this study was installed bi-fuel system that a conventional 2 liters gasoline engine was modified to run on natural gas by a gas injection system. Experiments were mainly carried on the optimization of an ECU control strategy affecting the emission characteristics of CNG/Gasoline bi-fule vehicle. The test results shown that CO2 emission in bi-fuel mode was reduced 16% compared to gasoline fuel in the NEDC mode. Also the amount of CO and HC emissions in bi-fuel and gasoline modes were found to equality. But Compared to gasoline, the bi-fuel mode resulted in higher NOx emissions.

A Study on the In-Cylinder Injection Type Hydrogen Fueled S.I. Engine (연소실내 분사식 수소연료기관의 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 조우흠;이형승;김응서
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.19 no.7
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    • pp.1702-1708
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    • 1995
  • Owing to the serious problem of hydrocarbon fuel such as environmental pollution, the development of alternative fuel is very urgent. To adopt hydrogen to the internal combustion engine, a solenoid-drive type in-cylinder injection system was constructed. The injection system was installed to the single cylinder research engine, and the engine performance and the emission of citric oxide were tested upon the fuel-air equivalence ratio and the spark timing. In the case of in-cylinder injection system, hydrogen is injected after the intake valve is close, so it is possible to operate the engine without the back fire and the fall of its volumetric efficiency. In the region of the fuel-air equivalence ratio below 0.5, hydrogen and air aren't well mixed and the thermal efficiency is lowered, so the nozzle should be designed to inject hydrogen uniformly into the combustion chamber. In the region of the fuel-air equivalence ratio above 0.7,the fuel-air mixture burns very fast and the amount of citric oxide emission increases rapidly, so the spark timing should be retarded as compared with MBT.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF BD20, LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUEL AND DIESEL OXIDATION CATALYST IN A HD DIESEL ENGINE

  • Baik, D.S.
    • International Journal of Automotive Technology
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    • v.7 no.6
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    • pp.653-658
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    • 2006
  • The enormous increase in the use of fossil energy sources throughout the world has caused severe air pollution and a depletion of energy. Besides, it seems very difficult to comply with the upcoming stringent emission standards in vehicles. In order to develop low emission engines, research on better qualified fuels as alternative fuels to secure high engine performance becomes a more important issue than ever. Since sulfur contained in diesel fuel is transformed in sulfate-laden particulate matters when a catalyst is applied, it is necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before any Pt-based oxidation catalysts are applied. But the excessive reduction of sulfur levels may cause the lubricity of fuel and engine performance to degrade. In this aspect, biodiesel fuel derived from rice bran is applied to compensate viscosity lost in the desulfurization treatment. This research is focused on the performance of an 11,000cc diesel engine and the emission characteristics by the introduction of ULSD(Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel), BD20(Diesel 80%+Biodiesel 20%) and a diesel oxidation catalyst, where BD20 is used to improve the lubricity of fuel in fuel injection systems as fuel additives or alternative fuels.