• 공업화학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.533-541
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• 2005

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFEA)과 hydrofluoroether (HFE)를 혼합하여 비수계 세정제를 제조하고 이들의 혼합비에 따른 물성과 세정성의 영향을 연구하였다. 또한 TFEA를 기초로 하고 비이온 계면활성제, 가용화제와 빌더를 첨가한 수계 세정제를 제조하고 이들의 세정능력을 비교하여 CFC-113, 1,1,1-TCE에 대한 대체 가능성을 평가하였다. 오염 물질로 수용성이거나 친수성, 지용성이거나 친유성인 각기 다른 플럭스, 절삭유, 그리스, 불소계 오일 등을 선정하고, 세정시간에 따른 오염물질의 중량변화를 비교하여 각 세정제의 세정능력을 비교함으로써 대체세정제로서의 TFEA를 기초로 한 세정제의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 TFEA와 HFE를 주성분으로 하여 제조한 비수계 세정제는 플럭스와 불소계 오염물에 우수한 세정성을 보여주었지만 그리스 세정에서는 세정성이 떨어졌다. 이에 비하여 TFEA를 기초로 하고 비이온 계면활성제, 가용화제, 빌더 등을 첨가하여 제조한 수계세정제는 일정한 배합 조건에서 플럭스와 그리스 제거에 매우 효과적이었다. 따라서 TFEA를 기초로 한 수계 및 비수계 세정제는 특정 오염물질에 대하여 좋은 세정력을 보여 주어 CFC-113, 1,1,1,-TCE 등의 대체세정제로의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.162-178
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• 2015

Petroleum based fossil fuels used to power most processes today are non-renewable fuels. This means that once used, they cannot be reproduced for a very long time. The maximum combustion of fossil fuels occurs in automobiles i.e. the vehicles we drive every day. Thus, there is a requirement to shift from these non-renenewable sources of energy to sources that are renewable and environment friendly. This is causing the need to shift towards more environmentally-sustainable transport fuels, preferably derived from biomass, such as biodiesel blends. These blends can be made from oils that are available in abundance or as waste e.g. waste cooking oil, animal fat, oil from seeds, oil from algae etc. Waste Cooking Oil(WCO) is a waste product and so, converting it into a transportation fuel is considered highly environmentally sustainable. Keeping this in mind, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental implications of replacing diesel fuel with WCO biodiesel blends in a regular Diesel engine. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to determine the environmental outcomes of biodiesel from WCO in terms of global warming potential, life cycle energy efficiency (LCEE) and fossil energy ratio (FER) using the life cycle inventory and the openLCA software, version 1.3.4: 2007 - 2013 GreenDelta. This study resulted in the conclusion that the biodiesel production process from WCO in particular is more environmentally sustainable as compared to the preparation of diesel from raw oil, also taking into account the combustion products that are released into the atmosphere as exhaust emissions.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2020

본 연구는 소방공무원 16명을 대상으로 8주간 고강도 인터벌 트레이닝(HIIT) 중 타바타(Tabta) 프로그램을 진행하였으며 자료처리는 윌콕슨 순위검증(Wilcoxon signed rank test)와 대응표본 t검정(Paired t-test)분석을 실시하였다. 체력요인 중 하버드 스텝(Harvard step, 회)은 운동 전 87.19 ± 12.33에서 운동 후 93.81 ± 13.27 (p < .009), 윗몸일으키기(회)는 운동 전 35.75 ± 10.73에서 운동 후 39.00 ± 8.80 (p < .001), 악력(kg)은 운동 전 53.35 ± 6.11에서 운동 후 55.65 ± 6.74 (p < .035)으로 각각 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 신체조성 중 체지방률(%)은 운동 전 17.69 ± 4.32에서 운동 후 15.66 ± 3.33 (p < .003), 근육량(%)은 운동 전 36.65 ± 4.38에서 운동 후 36.41 ± 4.24 (p < .043), 체중(kg)은 운동 전 75.50 ± 6.40에서 운동 후 74.24 ± 6.40 (p < .000)으로 각각 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 37층 도착시간은 운동 전 8 min 13 s ± 1 min 8 s에서 운동 후 7 min 19 s ± 1 min 6 s (p < .002) 유의하게 감소시켰다. 따라서 HIIT는 화재 및 재난상황 대비 업무능력 향상에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.961-966
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• 2008

Direct and maternal genetic parameters for production traits in 1,642 pigs and maternal genetic correlations among production (1,642 pigs) and feed efficiency (380 boars) traits were estimated in 7 generations of a Duroc population. Traits studied were daily gain (DG), intramuscular fat (IMF), loineye area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). The RFI was calculated as the difference between actual and predicted feed intake. The predicted feed intake was estimated by adjusting the initial test weight, DG and BF. Data for production traits were analyzed using four alternative animal models (including direct, direct+maternal permanent environmental, or direct+maternal genetic+maternal permanent environmental effects). Direct heritability estimates from the model including direct and all maternal effects were $0.41{\pm}0.04$ for DG, $0.27{\pm}0.04$ for IMF, $0.52{\pm}0.06$ for LEA and $0.64{\pm}0.04$ for BF. Estimated maternal heritabilities ranged from $0.04{\pm}0.04$ to $0.15{\pm}0.05$ for production traits. Antagonistic relationships were observed between direct and maternal genetic effects ($r_{am}$) for LEA (-0.21). Maternal genetic correlations of feed efficiency traits with FI ($r_g$ of FI with FCR and RFI were $0.73{\pm}0.06$ and $0.90{\pm}0.05$, respectively) and LEA (rg of LEA with FCR and RFI were $-0.48{\pm}0.05$ to $-0.61{\pm}0.05$, respectively) were favorable. The estimated moderate genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects for IMF and LEA indicated that maternal effects has an important role in these traits, and should be accounted for in the genetic evaluation system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.128-134
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• 2018

Background Non-syndromic craniosynostosis causes craniofacial asymmetry and may persist after cranioplasty. These postoperative asymmetries are primarily depressions. In some cases, patients may be subjected to pranks and harassment by their peers, affecting their psychosocial development. We propose lipoinjection enriched with adipose stem cells (ASCs) to treat the sequelae of craniosynostosis in the fronto-orbital and temporal complex in cranioplasty patients, with the goal of improving the appearance of the upper third of the face. Methods Twelve children (four boys and eight girls) between 4 and 8 years of age (mean age, 6 years) in the postoperative period after treatment for plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, and trigonocephaly were included, with a follow-up period of 1 to 18 months. Fat tissue was obtained from the lower abdomen, and ASCs were isolated using the Yoshimura technique. Lipoinjection was performed using several mini-approaches to ensure adequate distribution. Results Two different scales were used to evaluate the aesthetic outcomes. At 6 months, three plastic surgeons independent of the study classified the results using a Likert scale. The patients' parents categorized the results using a visual analog scale at 6, 9, and 18 months. R esults were favorable on both scales, as the patients' facial appearance improved and they reported increased happiness and self-esteem due to their remodeled facial appearance. Conclusions We suggest that lipoinjection enriched with ASCs is a good alternative for correcting asymmetry of the fronto-orbital and temporal contour in patients with sequelae of craniosynostosis. This treatment will help boost patients' self-esteem starting at an early age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of onion extract on growth performance, meat quality and blood profiles of White mini broilers. Total of 600 one-d-old male White mini broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed control diets (non-medicated commercial diet or antibiotics medicated) or experimental diets (non-medicated diets containing 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract) for 5 wks. The final body weight (BW) and weight gain of the group fed non-medicated control diet were lower than those of medicated control group (p<0.01). The chicks fed diet with 0.3% or 0.5% onion extract showed a similar BW to that of medicated control group. The relative weight of various organs, such as liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, abdominal fat, and the activities of serum enzymes were not affected by dietary treatments. There were no significant differences in meat color among groups. Whereas, groups fed diets containing onion extract had slightly lower cooking loss and higher shear force value, but not significantly. The concentrations of serum free cholesterol and triacylglycerol in groups fed diet containing onion extract were significantly decreased compared with those of controls (p<0.01). In conclusion, the onion extracts exerted a growth-promoting effect when added in White mini broiler diets, reflecting potential alternative substances to replace antibiotics.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1994

Egg cholesterol has been a hot issue in respect of it's effect on health and diseases in human. There is a general recognition that the cholesterol from eggs is similar to that from the other dietary sources in its biochemical functions. Many evidences show that egg yolk increased plasma cholesterol levels at an average rate of 2.3 mg /100 rnL plasma for every 100 mg cholesterol consumed. The elevation of plasma cholesterol could, however, be altered by various dietary factors such as ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids. Blood cholesterol levels of Korean adults have been raised up to, on the average, 193 and 187 mg /100 mL plasma for men and women, respectively, from 167/5 mg /100 mL in 1980. Furthermore, proportion of hypercholesterolemics(> 210 mg /dL) has been increased up to 23% of the population. These changes in blood cholesterol levels are attributed to the changes of dietary patterns, suggesting the arguement that Koreans are insensitive to changes of blood cholesterol is not right. Egg cholesterol levels have never been successfully reduced to any significant levels even with tremendous amounts of efforts made during last decades. The alternative and the best way to control blood cholesterol level originating from egg consumption appeares to enrich egg fat with omega-3 series fatty acids. Ingestion of the fatty acid group has specific functions to reduce hypertension and prevent various types of cancer as well as to reduce blood cholesterol. Another way to reduce egg cholesterol directly is to produce smaller egg yolk without reducing whole egg size since cholesterol is located only in the yolk. It is important to keep faith with consumers by providing correct informations on eggs, meanwhile efforts need to focus on to improve the quality of eggs as one of the best protein food items.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.738-748
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• 2012

One of the main goals of small, medium and large farms is to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit does. Stocks of lower productivity can be improved by crossing with intensive breeds. A better nutritional status of both foetuses and suckling kits has a positive effect on their later productivity. Overfeeding young females before first mating can lead to conditions of fattiness. Using restricted feeding or higher fibre content in the feed and changing it for a higher level ad libitum feeding about one week prior to first mating leads to longer lifespan and higher productive level. Intensive reproductive rhythm creates a negative energy balance in does : they are unable to consume enough feed (energy) for the nutritional requirements of foetus and lactation, and therefore lose most of their fat reserves. Furthermore, primiparous does also expend energy because they are still growing. Under intensive conditions, the 42-d reproductive rhythm (re-mating 11 days after parturition) is recommended. Under extensive conditions, the 18 or 25-d mating interval with 35 to 42-d weaning could be suitable. On small farms, natural mating is favoured; on large farms AI is commonly employed. The main advantage of AI is the all-in, all-out system. Hormonal (PMSG) treatment is used with AI to increase receptivity on d 11. Frequent and high level PMSG use can lead to higher anti-PMSG antibody rates. Lower level (max. 20 IU) and less frequent PMSG injection or non-hormonal alternative methods (short dam-litter separation, changing nursing method or lighting programs) are recommended for this reason.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2008

Purpose: The study aimed to apply Tai Chi exercise to patients with coronary artery disease for 6 months, and to examine changes on body composition, physical strength, and cardiovascular risks. Methods: Applying a quasi experimental design with a nonequivalent control group, 90 subjects with cardiovascular disease were recruited at C university hospital. For 6 months, 44 subjects performed Tai Chi exercise once a week and daily home exercise, while 46 subjects did not. Body composition was assessed by body mass index, % body fat, and waist-hip ratio; physical strength by balance, mobility, flexibility, grip strength, and back muscle strength; and cardiovascular risk checklist for fixed and modifiable risk factors. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN program with ANCOVA to consider group differences at the pretest. Results: The subjects were 66 years old in average. In 6 months, Tai Chi group improved significantly in balance, mobility, and flexibility with decreased modifiable cardiovascular risks after adjusting for the pretest scores. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise was safely applicable to individuals with coronary artery disease, and effective in some measures of physical strength and modifiable cardiovascular risks. It could be an alternative exercise for outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in this population.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2009

Whole-body insulin resistance results largely from impaired insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. Our previous studies using differential display and quantitative real-time RT-PCR have shown that a novel cDNA band (DD23) had a higher level of expression in insulin resistant skeletal muscle and it was correlated with whole-body insulin action, independent of age, sex, and percent body fat. In this study, we cloned and characterized DD23. The DD23 sequence is part of the 3'UTR region of the RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein (RBMS3). We have cloned the full length cDNA for RBMS3 and identified two splice variants. These variants named DD23-L and DD23-S have 15 and 14 exons respectively and differ from RBMS3 in the 3'UTR significantly. Northern blot analyses showed that an ~8.8 kb mRNA transcript of DD23 was predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and to a lesser extent in placenta, but not in heart, brain, lung, liver, or kidney, unlike RBMS3. Elevated expression levels of these novel alternatively spliced variants of RBMS3 in skeletal muscle may play a role in whole body insulin resistance.