Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.162

Life Cycle Analysis and Feasibility of the Use of Waste Cooking Oil as Feedstock for Biodiesel  

Gahlaut, Aradhana (Delhi Technological University)
Kumar, Vasu (Delhi Technological University)
Gupta, Dhruv (Delhi Technological University)
Kumar, Naveen (Delhi Technological University)
Publication Information
International journal of advanced smart convergence / v.4, no.1, 2015 , pp. 162-178 More about this Journal
Abstract
Petroleum based fossil fuels used to power most processes today are non-renewable fuels. This means that once used, they cannot be reproduced for a very long time. The maximum combustion of fossil fuels occurs in automobiles i.e. the vehicles we drive every day. Thus, there is a requirement to shift from these non-renenewable sources of energy to sources that are renewable and environment friendly. This is causing the need to shift towards more environmentally-sustainable transport fuels, preferably derived from biomass, such as biodiesel blends. These blends can be made from oils that are available in abundance or as waste e.g. waste cooking oil, animal fat, oil from seeds, oil from algae etc. Waste Cooking Oil(WCO) is a waste product and so, converting it into a transportation fuel is considered highly environmentally sustainable. Keeping this in mind, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental implications of replacing diesel fuel with WCO biodiesel blends in a regular Diesel engine. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to determine the environmental outcomes of biodiesel from WCO in terms of global warming potential, life cycle energy efficiency (LCEE) and fossil energy ratio (FER) using the life cycle inventory and the openLCA software, version 1.3.4: 2007 - 2013 GreenDelta. This study resulted in the conclusion that the biodiesel production process from WCO in particular is more environmentally sustainable as compared to the preparation of diesel from raw oil, also taking into account the combustion products that are released into the atmosphere as exhaust emissions.
Keywords
Biodiesel; Renewable Energy; Biofuel; Feedstock; Sustainable Energy; Alternative Sources of Energy; Waste Cooking Oil; WCO Biodiesel; Life Cycle Analysis; LCA Energy Efficiency; Fossil Energy Ratio; Exhaust Emissions;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Zheng, S., Kates, M., Dube, M.A. and McLean, D.D., "Acid-catalyzed production of biodiesel from waste frying oil," Biomass & Bioenergy, Vol. 30, pp. 267-272, January 2006.   DOI
2 Celia Bee Hong Chua, Hui Mien Lee, Jonathan Sze Choong Low, "Life cycle emissions and energy study of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and diesel in Singapore," The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, (Impact Factor: 2.77) Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 417-423, January 2010. DOI:10.1007/s11367-010-0166-5   DOI
3 Ahmad Mohammadshirazi, Asadolah Akram, Shahin Rafiee, Elnaz Bagheri Kalhor, "Energy and cost analyses of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 33, pp. 44-49, May 2014, ISSN 1364-0321, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.067. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114000896   DOI
4 Claudia Sheinbaum-Pardo, Andrea Calderon-Irazoque, "Mariana Ramirez-Suarez, Potential of biodiesel from waste cooking oil in Mexico, Biomass and Bioenergy," Vol. 56, pp. 230-238, September 2013, ISSN 0961-9534, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.05.008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953413002365   DOI
5 Dr Ben Lane, Ecolane Transport Consultancy, Life Cycle Assessment of Vehicle Fuels and Technologies, Final Report, London Borough of Camden, March 2006.
6 S. Ryding, "International Experiences of Environmentally Sound Product Development Based on Life Cycle Assessment," Swedish Waste Research Council, AFR Report 36, Stockholm, May 1994.
7 "U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database."(2012). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012. Accessed November 19, 2012: https://www.lcacommons.gov/nrel/search
8 Anneliese Niederl and Michael Narodoslawsky, "Ecological Evaluation of Processes Based on By-Products or Waste from Agriculture: Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel from Tallow and Used Vegetable Oil," Feedstocks for the Future, January 12, 2006.
9 J. Sheehan, V. Camobreco, J. Duffield, M. Graboski, H. Shapouri, "An Overview of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel Life Cycles," in: U.S.D.o.E.O.o.S.a.T. Information (Ed.), TN, 1998.
10 Lan Zhen Wang, "Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil in Western Australia," 3rd International Conference on Chemical, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (ICCEES'2013), January 4-5, 2013, Bali, Indonesia.
11 T. Grant, T. Beer, P.K. Campbell, D. Batten, "Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Outcomes and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Biofuels Production in West Australia," in, CSIRO National Research Flagships Energy Transformed, 2008
12 Arjun B. Chhetri, K. Chris Watts and M. Rafiqul Islam, "Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternate Feedstock for Biodiesel Production, Energies" Vol. 1, pp. 3-18, 2008. DOI: 10.3390/en1010003   DOI
13 Hilber, T.; Mittelbach, M.; Schmidt, E, Animal fats perform well in biodiesel, Render, pp.16-18, 2006. http://www.rendermagazine.com/pages/pastarticles2006.html (accessed on 30 Aug 2006)
14 Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, Marcelle McManus, University of Bath.
15 Key World Energy Statistics, International Energy Agency, 2013, http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyWorld2013.pdf
16 "World Energy Intensity: Total Primary Energy Consumption per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product using Purchasing Power Parities, 1980-2004" (XLS). Energy Information Administration, U.S. Department of Energy. August 23, 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-03.
17 Trends in global CO2 emissions: 2013 Report, (c) PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, 2013. ISBN: 978-94-91506-51-2; EUR number: EUR 26098 EN
18 EDGAR 4.2FT2010 (1990-2010); BP, 2013; NBS China, 2013; USGS, 2013; WSA, 2013; NOAA, 2012
19 Rastislav Rajnoha, Martin Jankovsky, Martina Merkova, "Economic Comparison of Automobiles with Electric and with Combustion Engines: An Analytical Study, " Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 109, January 8 2014, pp. 225-230, ISSN 1877-0428, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.449. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042813050817   DOI
20 R. Saidur, "A review on electrical motors energy use and energy savings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, Issue 3, pp. 877-898, April 2010, ISSN 1364-0321, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.018. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032109002494   DOI
21 Dawei Wang, Nada Zamel, Kui Jiao, Yibo Zhou, Shuhai Yu, Qing Du, Yan Yin, "Life cycle analysis of internal combustion engine, electric and fuel cell vehicles for China, Energy," Vol. 59, pp. 402-412, September 15, 2013, ISSN 0360-5442, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.07.035. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544213006403   DOI
22 Xie, Wenlei, and Li, Haitao, "Alumina-supported potassium iodide as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil," Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol. 255, pp. 1-9, May 2006.   DOI
23 Evanthia A. Nanaki, Christopher J. Koroneos, "Comparative economic and environmental analysis of conventional, hybrid and electric vehicles - the case study of Greece, Journal of Cleaner Production," Vol. 53, pp. 261-266, August 15 2013, ISSN 0959-6526, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.04.010. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652613002114   DOI
24 Ceuterick & Spirinckx 2000; Groves 2002; Kaltschmitt, Reinhardt, & Stelzer 1997; Gartner & Reinhardt 2003; Reinhardt 1997; Scharmer 2001; Sheehan et al. 1998; Jungmeier, Hausberger, & Canella 2003
25 Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi Ashnani, Anwar Johari, Haslenda Hashim, Elham Hasani, "A source of renewable energy in Malaysia, why biodiesel?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 35, pp. 244-257, July 2014, ISSN 1364-0321, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.001. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114002287   DOI
26 Liu, Xuejun, He, Huayang, Wang, Yujun and Zhu, Shenlin, "Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using SrO as a solid base catalyst," Catalysis Communications, Vol. 8, pp. 1107-1111, 2007.   DOI
27 Ecological Evaluation of Processes Based on By-Products or Waste from Agriculture: Life Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel from Tallow and Used Vegetable Oil, Anneliese Niederl and Michael Narodoslawsky, Feedstocks for the Future, pp. 239-252, January 12, 2006.
28 K. Khalisanni, K. Khalizani, M.S. Rohani and P.O. Khalid, "Analysis of Waste Cooking Oil as Raw Material for Biofuel Production," Vol.2, No. 2, pp. 81-83, 2008.
29 Mustafa B., "Potential alternatives to edible oils for biodiesel production - a review of current work," Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 1479-1492, 2011.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 M. Rakib Uddin, Kaniz Ferdous, M. Rahim Uddin, Maksudur R. Khan, M. A. Islam, "Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil," Vol. 1, pp. 22-26, September, 2013.   DOI
31 Arjun B.C., Martin, S.T., Suzanne, M.B., Chris, K.W. and Rafiqul, M.I., "Non-edible plant oils as new sources for biodiesel production," International Journal of Molecular Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 169-180, 2008.   DOI
32 http://www.eoearth.org/article, 2010/04/05
33 Meher, L.C., Sagar,Vidya D.Nnik, S.N., "Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification - a review," Renewable and sustainable Energy Review, Vol. 10, pp. 248-268, 2006.   DOI
34 De, B.K. and Bhattacharyya, "Biodiesel from minor vegetable oils like karanja oil and nahor oil," Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69451 Weinheim, pp. 404-406. 1999.
35 Zullaikah, Siti, Lai, Chao-Chin, Vali, Shaik, Ramjan and Ju, Yi-Hsu, "A two-step acid-catalyzed process for the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil," Bioresource Technology, Vol. 96, pp. 1889-1896, 2005.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Morshed, Mahbub, Ferdous, Kaniz, Khan, Maksudur R, Mazumder, M.S.I, Islam, M.A. and Uddin, Md.T., "Rubber seed oil as a potential source for biodiesel production in Bangladesh," Fuel, Vol. 90, pp. 2981-2986, June 2011.   DOI
37 Arjun B.C., Martin, S.T., Suzanne, M.B., Chris, K.W. and Rafiqul, M.I., "Non-edible plant oils as new sources for biodiesel production," International Journal of Molecular Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 169-180, 2008.   DOI