• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.471-475
• /
• 2008

The present study was performed to elucidate the therapeutic effect by aquapuncture with bee-venom (apitoxin) for treatment of canine pyoderma. The total 8 dogs with pyoderma were divided into 2 groups as control (antibiotics group: 4 dogs) and experimental groups (apitoxin group: 4 dogs). Antibiotics group was treated with bathing and antibiotics, while apitoxin group was treated with bathing and aquapuncture with apitoxin at Fei Shu (BL13), Wei Zhong (BL40), Da Zhui (GV14), Zu San Li (ST36), He Gu (LI04), Qu Chi (LI11), and San Yin Jiao (SP06). Based on the results of changes in clinical symptoms, total leukocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios and histopathological findings, antibiotics and apitoxin groups were all effective for treatment of canine pyoderma, and significant differences were not detected between the groups. It was suggested that apitoxin might be used as an alternative method to antibiotics for treatment of canine pyoderma.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 2024

Antibiotics is one of the emerging pollutants found in various water sources as well as wastewater due to its excessive use. Different techniques are available for treating antibiotics contaminants in water such as advanced oxidation process and biological treatment etc. These two processes are ineffective, and the generation of side products makes this process more complicated. Membrane technology is another alternative for the removal of contaminants. To improve the removal of antibiotics and their resistant gene, membrane bioreactors are modified with NaClO and carbon materials. The generation of abundant reactive species is active against the antibiotic's resistant genes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.750-760
• /
• 2016

The use of antibiotics in Korean swine production has been changing to a restricted use of in-feed antibiotics. These antibiotics, which are also growth promoters, are powerful for disease control. Due to this issue, the swine industry is consistently looking for any kind of alternatives to antibiotics such as new feed ingredients, feed additives, feed formulation practices, or feeding methods to improve pig health and performance. In general, dietary factors provide bioavailable nutrients and/or affect physiological activity to modify the physiological condition, immune system, or microbial population of pigs to improve their performance and health. Thus, it is suggested that dietary factors may be important components in the growth and health management of pigs. Using an alternative grain feed such as rice, barley, and oats, low protein diets or low-high energy diets can be used as solutions to manage the effect of stress factors that cause growth and health problems at specific time points during the stages of pig production. Several studies support that these alternative feeds and dietary factors may improve pig growth and health by changes in intestinal conditions, immunity, or other physiological conditions compared with typical feed ingredients and diet management in pig production. Therefore, feed ingredients, low protein levels, and different energy contents in swine diets were reviewed to better understand how these dietary factors can contribute to improved pig performance and health under different physiological conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.414-422
• /
• 2001

Antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is a major public health issue. Some of the resistance problem can be attributed to the transfer of resistant bacteria from animals to people and the transfer of resistance genes from animal pathogens and commensal bacteria to human pathogens. Control measures include improvements in food hygiene to reduce the spread of zoonotic bacteria to people via the food chain. However, to specifically address the issue, the medical profession must control misuse and overuse of antibiotics in hospitals and community practice. In addition, the livestock industries and their advisors must reduce and refine the use of antibiotics in animal production and replace antibiotics with alternative disease control measures as much as possible.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.540-554
• /
• 2023

Heat stress is a major challenge to animal production in tropical and subtropical climates. Rabbits suffer from heat stress more than farm animals because they have few sweat glands, and their bodies are covered with thick fur. Intensive farming relies on antibiotics as antimicrobials or growth promoters to increase animals' productivity and health. However, the European Union and many countries have banned or restricted the use of antibiotics in animal feed for human health concerns. Several studies have found that replacing antibiotics in rabbit feed with natural plants or feed additives increases productivity and improves immune capacity, especially under heat stress conditions. Growth performance, immune response, gut microflora, and carcass yield may be increased in rabbits fed a diet supplemented with some natural plants and/or propolis. In this review article, we discuss and summarize the effects of some herbs and plant extracts as alternative feed additives on rabbit productivity, especially for those raised under hot ambient temperatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.10
• /
• pp.1042-1046
• /
• 2008

The fluoroquinolones are an important group of antibiotics widely used in the treatment of various infectious diseases in adults, as a result of an excellent spectrum of activity, good tissue penetration and convenient ways of administration. In recent decades, there has been extensive development, clinical investigation, licensure and use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. However, the use of fluoroquinolones in children has been limited because of their potential to induce arthropathy in juvenile animals. Despite class label warnings against use in children, prescriptions for quinolone antibiotics to treat infections in children have become increasingly prevalent. The main use of fluoroquinolones in pediatrics should be, understandably, in serious life-threatening infections for which other antibiotics therapies are not effective or available. While most of the published studies failed to detect an increased rate of articular adverse effects in children treated with fluoroquinolones, an increase in the use of these compounds, particularly in community-acquired lower respiratory infections, could accelerate the emergence of multidrug-resistant (including fluoroquinolone) pneumococcal strains. This review will discus the main issues related to the use of fluoroquinolones in children, the major problems of resistance developing among these compounds, with special emphasis on the potential side effects and skilled use of these alternative potent drugs in pediatric infection.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2003

Dietary antibiotics at low, subtherapeutic levels have been shown to improve growth performance in farm animals. However, there is a trend to look for alternatives to dietary antibiotics, due to occurrence of antibiotic-resistance bacteria. The present review explored the essential oils as the possible alternative to dietary antibiotics. The antimicrobial activities of essential oils originating from plants have been well documented while their toxicological effects are seen only at very high doses. Hypocholesterolemic effect has been reported in chickens. Essential oils may stimulate the digestion process. In conclusion, dietary essential oils may be used as alternatives to antibiotics, but whether their effects on growth performance are a consequence of antimicrobial activity needs to be studied further.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.66 no.1
• /
• pp.57-78
• /
• 2024

In a global context, bacterial diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have inflicted sustained damage on both humans and animals. Although antibiotics initially appeared to offer an easy treatment for most bacterial infections, the recent rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, stemming from antibiotic misuse, has prompted regulatory measures to control antibiotic usage. Consequently, various alternatives to antibiotics are being explored, with a particular focus on bacteriophage (phage) therapy for treating bacterial diseases in animals. Animals are broadly categorized into livestock, closely associated with human dietary habits, and companion animals, which have attracted increasing attention. This study highlights phage therapy cases targeting prominent bacterial strains in various animals. In recent years, research on bacteriophages has gained considerable attention, suggesting a promising avenue for developing alternative substances to antibiotics, particularly crucial for addressing challenging bacterial diseases in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.60 no.8
• /
• pp.245-247
• /
• 2017

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.30.1-30.11
• /
• 2019

Marine natural products isolated from the sponge Fascaplysinopsis cf reticulata, in French Polynesia, were investigated as an alternative to antibiotics to control pathogens in aquaculture. The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture is largely considered to be an environmental pollution, because it supports the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes within the aquatic environment. One environmentally friendly alternative to antibiotics is the use of quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). Quorum sensing (QS) is a regulatory mechanism in bacteria which control virulence factors through the secretion of autoinducers (AIs), such as acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) in gram-negative bacteria. Vibrio harveyi QS is controlled through three parallel pathways: HAI-1, AI-2, and CAI-1. Bioassay-guided purification of F. cf reticulata extract was conducted on two bacterial species, i.e., Tenacibaculum maritimum and V. harveyi for antibiotic and QS inhibition bioactivities. Toxicity bioassay of fractions was also evaluated on the freshwater fish Poecilia reticulata and the marine fish Acanthurus triostegus. Cyclohexanic and dichloromethane fractions of F. cf reticulata exhibited QS inhibition on V. harveyi and antibiotic bioactivities on V. harveyi and T. maritimum, respectively. Palauolide (1) and fascaplysin (2) were purified as major molecules from the cyclohexanic and dichloromethane fractions, respectively. Palauolide inhibited QS of V. harveyi through HAI-1 QS pathway at 50 ㎍ ml^-1 (26 μM), while fascaplysin affected the bacterial growth of V. harveyi (50 ㎍ ml^-1) and T. maritimum (0.25 ㎍). The toxicity of fascaplysin-enriched fraction (FEF) was evaluated and exhibited a toxic effect against fish at 50 ㎍ ml^-1. This study demonstrated for the first time the QSI potential of palauolide (1). Future research may assess the toxicity of both the cyclohexanic fraction of the sponge and palauolide (1) on fish, to confirm their potential as alternative to antibiotics in fish farming.