• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.136-150
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how high school girl students used their school uniforms and what types of ornaments they preferred, in an effort to identify the image of school uniform. The result of this study were as follow: First, 52.6 percent of the students investigated altered their uniforms, and as fur the major alteration style, revival one to take them in to be well-fitting was dominant. But concerning skirts, hip-hop style was also found. The students viewed ornaments more favorably, as the larger group of the students perceived that it was necessary to restrict the school-uniform alteration yet not to control ornaments. Concerning how much they wore school uniforms, most of them continued to wear them outside school in many cases. Specifically, those who engaged in pastime or went shopping wearing school uniforms enjoyed altering them, and they also enjoyed using ornaments that weren't allowed by the school dress code. Second, as to school-uniform image, elegant image was most preferred, followed by practical, innocent and fashion-conscious ones. They were most preferred with its elegant image. Third, as to ornaments image, they were most preferred with its positive image.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1983

There has been some evidence concerning the fact that trihalomethanes(THMs), toxic chlorinated compounds, may be present in drinking water. One of the important methodologies to evaluate the toxicity of THMs is to determine enzyme alteration in experimental animal tissues after treatment. This study was intended to investigate how lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) of rat tissues is affected by administration of chloroform($CHCl_3$) and dichloromonobromomethane($CHCl_2\;Br$). THMs, high dose(1/10 LD50) or low dose(1/50 LD50) of $CHCl_3$ or $CHCl_{2}Br$ were administered orally to experimental rats for 4 or 8 weeks. The treated groups of rats were sacrificed to determine LDH specific activity and isozyme pattern in various organs which were liver, thigh muscle, kidney and brain. The conclusions were obtained as follows: 1. Alteration of LDH activities and isozyme patterns were revealed before morphologic changes in tissues. 2. The LDH specific activities were increased significantly in liver and brain after administration of high concentrations of $CHCl_3$ and $CHCl_{2}Br$ for 4 weeks respectively. Otherwise, they were decreased significantly in liver, muscle and kidney after administration for 8 weeks. 3. The isozyme activities of LDH-4 and LDH-5 were increased in muscle, brain, and especially the liver. 4. It was more distinct for the decrement of LDH H-type isozyme than the increment of M-type isozyme in muscle.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2021

PURPSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the labio-lingual alterations of the alveolar bone where the implant was placed immediately after tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implants were placed immediately after tooth extraction on anterior alveolar ridges in the maxilla and mandible. The pinguide system was used to help determine the location and path of implants during the surgical process. The horizontal distance from implants to the outer border of alveolar bone was measured at the rim and middle of the implants in the cone beam computed tomography images. The alteration of alveolar bone was evaluated comparing the horizontal distances measured immediately after surgery and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS. The results show that more resorption occurred towards the labial bone than the lingual bone in the maxilla. A similar amount of labial and lingual bone resorption was observed in the mandible. CONCLUSION. Considering the horizontal alteration of alveolar bone, labio-lingual positioning of the implant towards the lingual bone in the maxilla and at the center of the alveolar ridge in the mandible is recommended when it is placed immediately after tooth extraction.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2011

한반도 중남부에 분포하는 10-20m 두께의 화강암류 풍화층은 화학적 풍화가 주도적으로 작용하여 형성된 심층풍화층으로 알려져왔다. 본 연구는 이런 기존의 주장이 어느 정도의 타당성을 지니는가를 규명하기 위하여 화학적 풍화 정도를 정량적으로 파악할 수 있는 풍화지수인 화학적 풍화지수(CIA)를 통하여 살펴보았다. 한반도 화강암류의 CIA는 50 전후이며, 장석류의 화학적 풍화가 진행된 초기 모습에 머물러 있다. 이는 열대기후지역인 홍콩의 80과는 거리가 멀며, 고위도 냉대지역은 핀란드의 60에도 훨씬 못미치는 지수이다. A-CN-K 도식상의 분포 특성으로도 한반도의 화학적 풍화 정도는 매우 미약한 수준에 머물러 있다. 따라서 한반도 중남부 화강암지역의 풍화층 형성 성인에 대한 추후 논의가 더 필요하다.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.57-71
• /
• 2011

남해안의 고성에 위치하는 월치고개 단면은 10m 두께의 화강암 풍화층으로써, 10YR 4/4에 가까운 적색을 띠고 있어서 고온다습했던 고기후의 산물로 판단되기 쉬운 단면이다. 그러나 단면관찰과 박편분석, XRD 동정과 지화학적 분석을 통해 살펴본 결과, 열수변성의 대표광물인 할로이사이트가 단면 전체에서 보편적으로 나타나고 있으며, 한반도의 일반적 화강암 풍화층의 화학적 풍화율인 60~70%보다 훨씬 높은 97%에 달하였다. 이는 기후지형학적 풍화에 의해 형성된 적색풍화층이 아니라, 지열수에 의한 열수변성 가능성이 매우 높게 단면으로 판단된다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.287-308
• /
• 1990

The Ogmae alunite-kaolinite deposit occurs in acidic tuff, the Hwangsan Tuff, of upper Crataceous age in the Haenam volcanic field, SW Jeonnam. This deposit characterized by advanced argillic alteration formed $71.8{\pm}2.8{\sim}73.9{\pm}2.8$ Ma ago in very shallow depth environment with acid-sulfate solution. Wallrock alteration can be classified into four zones from the center to the margin of the deposit: alunite, kaolinite, illite, and silicified zone. The mineral assemblage in the alunite zone, ore zone, is alunite-quartz-pyritekaolinite. Consideration of stability relation of these minerals suggests that the maximum alteration temperature is estimated at about $250^{\circ}C$ with solution pH of 3 or below assuming that pressure does not exceed 0.3 Kb. Alunite occurs as two different types; replacement and vein-type deposit. The former one consists of fine grained alunite and the later one coarse grained and relatively pure alunite that formed by open space filling. Isomorphous substitution of Na for K in these two types of alunites range 0 to 40 %, indicating that Na/K ratio in the solution is spontaneously changed during the alteration process. Alunite which has higher Na substitution probably formed in an earlier stage while the solution sustain high Na/K ratio. K-Ar age of alunites indicate that the replacement alunite formed earlier($73.9{\pm}2.8Ma$) than the vein-type alunite($71.8{\pm}2.8Ma$). The ${\delta}^{34}S$ value of pyrite and alunite indicate that those minerals formed at isotopically nonequillibrium state. The ${\delta}^{16}O$ and ${\delta}D$ values, of kaolintics 5.0 to 9.0‰ and -54 to -99‰, respectively, indicate that those are formed by hydrothermal solution having magmatic origin which have been diluted by low ${\delta}D$ meteoric water.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제36권11호
• /
• pp.1081-1090
• /
• 2012

외상성 관절염 발생시 슬관절에서의 해면골 미세구조 변화 특성에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생체 내 미세 단층 촬영을 통해, 소동물(SD rat; 10 마리)의 경골 골단 해면골 미세구조 변화패턴을 연속적으로 추적 관찰하여 정량적으로 분석하였다. 외상성 관절염 군(5 마리)에는 전방십자인대절제술을 실시하였고, 정상군(5 마리)에는 아무런 외과적 처치를 가하지 않았다. 외상성 관절염군은 정상군과 비교시 수술후 8 주까지 약 4-16%의 유의한 골 미세구조 차이를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 동일 기간 동안 골 밀집 정도 및 골 형성 정도는 5-15% 정도로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 본 연구는 외상성 관절염 발생에 의한 경골 골단 해면골의 골 미세구조 변화 특성 기준 정립 및 외상성 관절염의 이해와 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.471-475
• /
• 2006

Rose와 Lavender essential oil의 계면활성제 유발피부염증에 대한 유효성 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 단백질 분석결과 Rose essential oil 과 Lavender essential oil 이 피부에 자극은 있지만, 단백질의 과도한 변성을 한다는 것은 거의 없다. 단 43Kd 범위이하 해당되는 단백질의 밴드 변화에 있어서는 대조군의 Rose essential oil 처리군과 Lavender essential oil 처리군 에서만 나타났다. 표피층 관찰결과에서 손상된 처리군은 과각질이 일어났으며 각질층이 상당히 비후된 상태로 나타났고, 3주동안 Rose essential oil 처리군에서는 표피구조가 정상적인 표피 구조로 회복되어 가고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 반면에 손상군의 Lavender essential oil 처리군에서는 과각화 되었던 박리층이 떨어져 나감을 볼 수 있었다. 기저층의 변화를 관찰한 결과 대조군에서는 Rose essential oil 처리군과 Lavender essential oil 처리군에서 모두 일정한 세포층을 이루었으며, 손상군에서는 Lavender보다 Rose essential oil 처리군이 정상적인구조의 기저층이 발생됨을 확인할 수 있었다. Mast cell 실험에서 보면 손상된 처리군에서 Mast cell의 숫자의 변화는 Lavender essential oil 처리군이 Mast cell의 수가 많아짐을 알 수 있고 손상군에서 보다 세포의 크기가 커지고 수도 많아짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2016

Purpose of this study is to classify damaged lands according to the cause of the damage and their influences based on characteristic of the damaged lands in DeMilitarized Zone(DMZ) area, and utilize this study as a fundamental study for establishment of ecosystem restoration system. Literature review and field survey have been conducted to review the damage status of DMZ area. For field survey, first year and second year have been conducted, in which type of the damage has been reviewed in this study. In the result, types of damage have been classified into 6 categories: 'alteration of initial landform', 'loss of surface layer', 'land pollution', 'alteration of soil chemical property', 'decline of vegetation', and 'invasion of foreign species'. Restoration for each damage type is as following. First, for alteration of initial landform, the land is restored to the original landform prior to the damage and connection to surrounding ecosystem is considered. Second, for loss of surface layer, lost surface layer is restored or further loss is prevented with stabilization. Third, for land pollution, source of the pollution is eradicated or self-circulation with purification of polluted land is encouraged. Fourth, for alteration of soil chemical property, soil is restored of its original property with eradication of the pollution source and improvement of soil. Fifth, for decline of vegetation, current vegetation and anticipated alteration in future are considered and number of wild species is to be increased based on structure and characteristic of nearby vegetation. Sixth, for invasion of foreign species, prevention of dominance by risky species and facilitation ecological stability with ecological management are to be considered. Influence according to the cause of damage has occurred in secondary(indirect) influence or simultaneous occurrence of several damage types. Considering all these aspects, when type of the damage is complex, restoration process for each of former mentioned 6 damage types with solitary influence should be considered in unison.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2009

연구지역은 울산시 울주군의 양산단층대를 통과하는 터널(복안터널) 구간으로서 터널 상부에 경부고속도로와 국도 35호선이 위치한다. 기존의 조사결과 양산단층대 통과 터널 구간은 최대 폭 100 m에 이르는 단층비지와 단층각력암이 넓게 분포한다. 연구결과 양산단층 동측부에는 셰일로 대표되는 퇴적암이 분포하는데 이들은 기계적인 파쇄작용이나 열수변질작용의 영향을 거의 받지 않았다. 양산단층 서측부에는 데사이트질응회암이 분포하며, 양산단층의 영향으로 기계적 파쇄작용과 열수변질작용이 진행되었다. 양산단층 구간은 단층운동과 관련된 기계적 파쇄작용과 녹니석화작용, 견운모화작용, 고령석화작용으로 대표되는 열수변질작용이 복합적으로 작용하여 폭 $50{\sim}130m$에 이르는 단층대가 발달한다. 기계적 파쇄작용과 열수변질작용의 특징에 의해 양산단층대는 지질공학적으로 비변질대, 변질대, 변질.파쇄대, 단층비지대 등 4개의 구간으로 구분된다. 이들 구간은 기계적 파쇄작용과 변질작용의 정도 및 양상을 달리하며, 공학적 특성을 달리한다.