• Title/Summary/Keyword: alpha activity

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EFFECTS OF SEVERAL CYTOKINES ON THE FUNCTIONS OF FETAL RAT OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS IN VITRO

  • Han, Hee-Sung;Kim, Jung-Keun;Chang, Young-IL
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.25 no.6 s.53
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    • pp.689-696
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    • 1995
  • Effects of several cytokines($IL-1{\beta},\;TNF_{\alpha},\;and\;IFN_{\gamma}$) have been examined on fetal rat osteoblast-like cells. To investigate whether cytokines play direct causal roles in production of lysosomal enzyme, fetal rat osteoblast-like cells were treated with $IL-1{\beta},\;TNF_{\alpha},\;and\;IFN_{\gamma}$, respectively or combined. And acid phosphatase was determined by biochemical method. Alkaline phosphatase was assayed to determine the effects of $IL-1{\beta},\;TNF_{\alpha},\;and\;IFN_{\gamma}$ on the expression of this enzyme. And also experiment of calcified nodule formation was performed to assess the effects of cytokines on the bone-forming activity of osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Acid phosphatase activity was significantly increased by the addition of $IL-1{\beta}\;and\;TNF_{\alpha}$, whereas decreased by $IFN_{\gamma}$. However, no significant change:: in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed when the osteoblast-like cells were treated with $IL-1{\beta}\;and\;TNF_{\alpha}$. Interestingly, $IFN_{\gamma}$ showed stimulatory effect on alkaline phosphatase activity. The number of calcified nodules was decreased by treatment of cultures with 1 ng/ml $IL-1{\beta},\;20\;ng/ml\;TNF_{\alpha}$, and 500 u/ml $IFN_{\gamma}$ continuously for 21 days, while considerable number of calcified nodules were formed in control group of osteoblast-like cell in culture for 21 days. These results seem to suggest that cytokines may play crucial roles in bone remodeling through the direct action on the osteoblast-like cell.

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Resveratrol blunts tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$-induced monocyte adhesion and transmigration

  • Kim, Dong-Shoo;Kwon, Hyang-Mi;Choi, Jung-Suk;Kang, Sang-Wook;Ji, Geun-Eog;Kang, Young-Hee
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.285-290
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    • 2007
  • The leukocyte recruitment and transmigration across the endothelial barrier into the vessel wall are crucial steps in atherosclerosis. Leukocyte trafficking on the endothelium is elicited by induction of endothelial adhesion molecules, and its transmigration is mediated by degradation of basement membrane proteins through enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). The current study investigated whether resveratrol, a polyphenol present in grapes and red wine, was capable of inhibiting leukocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$-activated endothelium. It was found that resveratrol inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-activated endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol hampered THP-1 monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells. This study further examined whether resveratrol interfered with transendothelial migration of leukocytes. The MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity of endothelial cells was enhanced by TNF-${\alpha}$, which was attenuated by an addition of ${\geq}25{\mu}M$ resveratrol. In addition, 25 ${\mu}M$ resveratrol mitigated the MMP-9 activity of THP-1 cells, followed by a marked inhibition of transendothelial migration. These results demonstrated that resveratrol suppressed monocyte adhesion and migration induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ through modulating expression of adhesion molecules and gelatinolytic activity of MMP. These findings suggest that dietary resveratrol may be therapeutic agent for inhibiting leukocyte recruitment into the subendothelium during inflammatory atherosclerosis.

Effect of Extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata on Macrophage Activity and on the Growth of Lactic Starter Culture during Fermentation (더덕 추출물이 마크로파지 활성과 발효 중 젖산균 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim Sang-Dong;Kim Kee-Sung;Do Jung-Ryong
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.136-143
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    • 2006
  • We examined the macrophage activity of Codonopsis lanceolata and its effect on the growth of lactic starter culture when it was added to fermented milk. Nitric oxide(NO) and interleukin-1${\alpha}(IL-1{\alpha})$ were increased significantly(p<0.05) by addition of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Tumer necrosis factor-${\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ was increased significantly (p<0.05) by addition of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract or 70% ethanol extract at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Water extract of Codonopsis lanceolata showed higher macrophage activity than 70% ethanol extract. Growth of lactic starter culture was inhibited by the increased addition of Codonopsis lanceolata water extract, resulting in less decrease in pH. A stirred type or drink type fermentation process seemed mote suitable than a set type in proper production of Codonopsis lanceolata extract added fermented milk.

Evaluation of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Jeju Seaweeds Using High Throughput Screening (HTS) Technique

  • Ko, Seok-Chun;Lee, Seung-Hong;Kang, Sung-Myung;Ahn, Ginnae;Cha, Seon-Heui;Jeon, You-Jin
    • Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.33-39
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    • 2011
  • As a rapid and quick bioactive compound evaluation technique, we utilized an automatic system of high throughput screening (HTS) to investigate ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory efficacy of seaweeds, collected from Jeju Island in Korea. In this study, different extracts with methanol at $20^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ from 23 species of brown seaweeds and 22 species of red seaweeds and 9 species of green seaweeds were subjected to HTS. Of the brown seaweeds tested, Myelophycus simplex (20B3), Ishige sinicola (20B5, 70B5), Colpomenia sinuosa, (20B14, 70B14), Hizikia fusiforme (20B21), Ishige okamurai (70B22) and Ecklonia cava (70B23) showed significantly high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity with 96.52%, 98.34%, 98.37%, 80.49%, 96.16%, 76.32%, 98.32% and 98.12%. Schizymenia dubyi (20R15), Gelidium amansii (20R16) and Polysiphonia japonica (70R22) amomng the red seaweeds showed remarkable ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity more than 95%. On the other hand, the green seaweeds showed poor ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities (less the10%) at 1 mg/ml.

Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Extract on Macrophage Activity and the Growth of Lactic Starter Culture during Fermentation (가시오가피 추출물이 마크로파지 활성과 우유의 발효 중 젖산균 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Sang-Dong;Kim, Kee-Sung
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.489-495
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    • 2007
  • We examined the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extract on macrophage activity and its effect on the growth of lactic starter culture when added to fermented milk. Greater amounts of Acanthopanax senticosus extract correlated with higher macrophage activity (p<0.05), in particular at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. Water extract of Acanthopanax senticosus resulted in higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) than 70% ethanol extract at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. In contrast, 70% ethanol extract resulted in higher $interleukin-1{\alpha}\;(IL-1{\alpha})$ and Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ levels than water extract. The growth of lactic starter culture was inhibited by increasing amounts of Acanthopanax senticosus water extract, resulting in a lower decrease in pH. A stirred type or drink type fermentation process seemed more suitable than a set type for the proper production of Acanthopanax senticosus extract added to fermented milk.

The Effect of Progesterone on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Human Choriodecidual Membranes

  • Choi, Seong Jin;Sohn, Joon Hyung;Han, Kyoung-Hee;Park, Eun Young;Kang, Jieun;Chung, In-Bai
    • Perinatology
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.170-174
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    • 2018
  • Objective: Progesterone is used to prevent recurrent preterm delivery, however the molecular mechanisms of its effect are incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of progesterone on tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity in human choriodecidual (CD) membranes. Methods: We collected CD membranes from women with uncomplicated term pregnancies who were scheduled for elective cesarean delivery (n=10). CD membranes ($1{\times}1cm$) were incubated in tissue culture media at $37^{\circ}C$. We pre-treated the CD membranes with progesterone (P4), $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P), promegestone (R5020), or vehicle (ethanol) for 24 hours. The CD membranes were subsequently treated with $TNF-{\alpha}$ (with continued progesterone treatment) for 48 hours, then media was harvested for measuring MMP-9 activity by zymography and total protein was isolated from CD membrane tissues for MMP-9 expression by western blot analysis. Results: P4, 17P, and R5020 significantly reduced $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced MMP-9 activity in fetal membrane tissue samples (P=0.0078, P=0.0156, and P=0.0391, respectively) by zymography. Western blot analysis also showed decreased expression of MMP-9 in progesterone pretreated groups (P=0.0313). Conclusion: Progesterone reduces $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced MMP-9 activity in human CD membranes. These findings may provide further support for the role of progesterone in preventing preterm birth.

Characterization of Alpha Amylase Producing Thielaviopsis ethacetica and Its Raw Starch Hydrolyzing Ability on Different Agricultural Substrates

  • Dissanayaka, Dissanayaka M.S.;De Silva, Sembukuttige N.T.;Attanayaka, D.P.S.T.G.;Kurera, Mihidukulasuriya J.M.S.;Fernando, Charakrawarthige A.N.
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.412-422
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    • 2019
  • The present study reports the morphological and molecular characterization of the fungal strain, CMSS06 and evaluates its raw starch hydrolyzing ability in four different agricultural substrates (rice bran, banana peel, cassava tubers, and coconut water). The potential use of each agricultural substrate to replace the expensive fermentation media was evaluated with six different fermentation media: rice bran (RB), banana peel (BP), cassava starch (CS), cassava in coconut water (CSCW), cassava in modified coconut water (CMCW), and pure Coconut water (CW). The fungal strain CMSS06 was identified as Thielaviopsis ethacetica by the analysis of the ITS sequences. The T. ethacetica alpha amylase enzyme exhibited maximum alpha amylase activity at 72 h, pH 7.0, and $40^{\circ}C$ on soluble starch. This species resulted in the highest enzyme activity (mU/ml) of 26.06, 10.89, 58.82, 14.2, and 54.67 with the RB, BP, CS, CSCW, and CMCW fermentation media, respectively. The results indicate that CS can be used as a carbon substrate and CMCW can be used to accelerate the fermentation by T. ethacetica. The enzyme was partially purified by 40-60% ammonium sulphate fraction, and it showed total enzyme activity, total protein content, specific activity, purification fold, and a recovery of 2400 mU, 30 mg, 80 mU/mg, 2.7, and 71.1%, respectively. The molecular mass of the T. ethacetica alpha amylase was estimated on SDS-PAGE, and two bands around 50 kDa and 70 kDa were identified. The present study implies that T. ethacetica can produce alpha amylase, and it can be used to hydrolyze raw starch during the fermentation processes.

Antioxidant and Nitrite Scavening Activity and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Effect of Water Extract from Schizandra chinensis Baillon (오미자 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성과 아질산 소거능 및 α-Glucosidase 저해 효과)

  • Cho, Hea-Eun;Choi, Young-Ju;Cho, Eun-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.481-486
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    • 2010
  • The nutraceutical role of omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) water extract (OWE) was determined through the analysis of antioxidant activity, nitrite scavening activity, and xanthine oxdiase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Antioxidant activity of OWE was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SODA). DPPH radical scavenging activity and SODA increased in a dose-dependent manner, and was about 49.0% at 2.5 mg/mL and 69.2% at 5 mg/mL, respectively. The xanthine oxidase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of OWE were about 88.8% and 86.2% at 1 mg/mL, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity of OWE was about 54.9%, 42.4%, and 34.2% on pH 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0 at 1 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that OWE has a strong antioxidant activity, and xanthine oxidase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effects.

Tiul1 and TGIF are Involved in Downregulation of $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA Isotype Expression

  • Park, Kyoung-Hoon;Nam, Eun-Hee;Seo, Goo-Young;Seo, Su-Ryeon;Kim, Pyeung-Hyeun
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.248-254
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    • 2009
  • [ $TGF-{\beta}1$ ]is well known to induce Ig germ-line ${\alpha}$ ($GL{\alpha}$) transcription and subsequent IgA isotype class switching recombination (CSR). Homeodomain protein TG-interacting factor (TGIF) and E3-ubiquitin ligases TGIF interacting ubiquitin ligase 1 (Tiul1) are implicated in the negative regulation of $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling. In the present study, we investigated the roles of Tiul1 and TGIF in $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA CSR. We found that over-expression of Tiul1 decreased $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activity and strengthened the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on the promoter activity. Likewise, overexpression of TGIF also diminished $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activity and further strengthened the inhibitory effect of Tiul1, suggesting that Tiul1 and TGIF can down-regulate $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GL{\alpha}$ expression. In parallel, overexpression of Tiul1 decreased the expression of endogenous IgA CSR-predicitive transcripts ($GLT_{\alpha},\;PST_{\alpha},\;and\;CT_{\alpha}$) and $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA secretion, but not $GLT_{\gamma3}$ and IgG3 secretion. Here, over-expressed TGIF further strengthened the inhibitory effect of Tiul1. These results suggest that Tiul1 and TGIF act as negatively regulators in $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA isotype expression.

Effects of Sardine Oil Fedding and Vitamin E Supplementation on Histopathological Changes and $\alpha$-L-Fucosidase Activity in Experimental Hepatocarcinogenesis (정어리유 섭취와 비타민 E 보충이 실험적 간 발암과정의 병리조직학적 변화와 $\alpha$-L-fucosidase의 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • 김정희;윤혜진
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.119-126
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    • 2001
  • Effects of Sardine Oil Feeding and Vitamin E Supplementation on Histopathological Changes and $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 80~90 g were fed the diet containing either 15% corn oil (CO) or sardine oil (SO) with or without vitamin E supplements (dl-$\alpha$-tocopherol acetate 800 IU/kg diet) for 8 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the rats were given a single intraperitoneal injectin of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg BW). From the fifth week, rats were given 0.02% acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in diet for 4 weeks. At the seventh week, 0.05% phenobarbital in liver and hepatic glutathione S-transferase palcental form positive (GST-P+) foci were examined by Hematoxylin& Eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical method, respectively. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activity was determined. The livers fromt he carcinogen treated rats showed significantly increased formation of GST-P+ foci at sacrifice points while the livers fromthe non-carcinogen treated groups showed almost no foci. Although GST-P+ foci formation was not affected by dietary oil, it was increased unexpectedly by vitamin E supplementation. Histopathological changes were similar to patterns of GST-P+ foci formation in almost all groups. Serum $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were increased by carcinogen treatment in all dietary groups. $\alpha$-L-fucosidase activities were positively correlated with GST-P+ foci formation. There results suggest that excessive vitamin E supplementation can enhance hepatocarcinogenesis although the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood.

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