• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.31-54
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• 2012

Along with increasing mothers' employment, work-family reconciliation has been recognised as a key policy agenda in contemporary welfare states. Although various policy instruments have been introduced and expanded in recent years, the problem of time allocation within couples still remains as a fundamental issue, which has been largely underresearched at a micro perspective. In this context, this study aims to identify dominant types of work-family time allocation within married couple, and to apply these types to the Korean case using the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis. Further, a series of multiple regression analyses will be implemented to find factors affecting each ideal type of work-family time allocation. The 1999 and 2009 Korea Time Use Survey datasets will be adopted for the analyses. Married couples are selected as samples only when men work 40 hours or more per week and they have at least one pre-school child. Empirical analyses cover three parts. First of all, four ideal types on work-family time allocation are classified by intersecting two core variables - the ratio of men's (paid) working and family (caring time plus domestic work) time to total working and family time. In this research, the four types will be labelled the traditional male breadwinner model (TM, high working and low family time), the dual burden model (DB, shared working but low family time), the family-friendly male breadwinner model (FM, high working but shared family time), and the adaptive partnership model (AP, shared working and shared family time). By comparing the composition of the four ideal types in 1999 and 2009, it will examine the trend of work-family time allocation in Korea. In addition, multiple regressions will be useful for investigating which characteristics contribute to the different degree of each fuzzy ideal score in the four models. Finally, policy implications and further research agenda will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.91-95
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.61-64
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to take a closer look at an area having shorted emergence facilities and to determine optional candidate sites instead of vulnerable area by using GIS spatial analysis. Newly determined new candidate is performed by concerning spatial efficiency and spatial equity for a public service. It was determined through using the analyzing of the physical accessibility measure, the Location-Allocation, sort of classic model in spatial statistics and general network analysis. The area of this research has been used in administrative boundary of Young-Dong in Gangneung including 13 emergency, medical hospitals, 46 fire-stations and sub-fire stations. In general terms, what all this show is that the way we are approached for geographical view from using GIS spatial analyzing technique of determined location and allocation problem by the social, economical, political factor and simple administrative discrimination at the meantime. At the same time, with problem occurred in the space it is possible to make an Effective proposal or means, policy, decision for new candidate location-allocation suggesting optimum model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.474-479
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• 2003

We discussed the usage of a radio resource, the spectrum allocation and the trends of policy about 5㎓ band in other countries, We studied about the technical regulation on high speed wireless access system and the spectrum allocation of ISM bard in 5㎓ bard for other countries. We also analyzed the efficient use of radio resource, the method of frequency sharing and the calculation of spec01m requirement in noel to progress the high speed wireless access system In addition We proposed the schemes of domestic spectrum allocation for high speed wireless access system at 5㎓ band

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1203-1207
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• 2019

As the number of IP cores has been increasing in a System-on-Chip (SoC), multiple routers are included in on-chip-networks. Each router has its own arbitration policy and it is difficult to obtain a desired arbitration result by combining multiple routers. Allocating desired bandwidths to the ports across the routers is more difficult. In this paper, a guaranteed bandwidth allocation scheme using an IP-level QoS control is proposed to overcome the limitations of existing local arbitration policies. Each IP can control the priority of a packet depending on the data communication requirement within the allocated bandwidth. The experimental results show that the proposed mechanism guarantees for IPs to utilize the allocated bandwidth in multiple router on-chip-networks. The maximum error rate of bandwidth allocation of the proposed scheme is only 1.9%.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.100-113
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• 2023

This study was aimed to derive implications in terms of competition to establish a reasonable spectrum policy for fifth-generation (5G) spectrum allocation through an in-depth analysis of C-band spectrum auctions. As a result of examining auctions in five countries, namely, Belgium, Sweden, Canada, Brazil, and Hong Kong, we identified various characteristics. First, the minimum bandwidth that is essential for service competition is guaranteed. Second, in Brazil, the network construction cost of mobile network operators is regarded as a part of the spectrum price. Third, a joint allocation of spectrum is permitted in Sweden, and spectrum sharing after allocation for 5G services is allowed in Canada. Finally, the reserved spectrum is provided for new service providers in Belgium and Canada. Our findings may provide insights for establishing policies of 5G spectrum allocation and competition in the telecommunications service market in Korea.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.226-238
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• 2024

Recently, multi-access edge computing (MEC) has emerged as a promising technology to alleviate the computing burden of vehicular terminals and efficiently facilitate vehicular applications. The vehicle can improve the quality of experience of applications by offloading their tasks to MEC servers. However, channel conditions are time-varying due to channel interference among vehicles, and path loss is time-varying due to the mobility of vehicles. The task arrival of vehicles is also stochastic. Therefore, it is difficult to determine an optimal offloading with resource allocation decision in the dynamic MEC system because offloading is affected by wireless data transmission. In this paper, we study computation offloading with resource allocation in the dynamic MEC system. The objective is to minimize power consumption and maximize throughput while meeting the delay constraints of tasks. Therefore, it allocates resources for local execution and transmission power for offloading. We define the problem as a Markov decision process, and propose an offloading method using deep reinforcement learning named deep deterministic policy gradient. Simulation shows that, compared with existing methods, the proposed method outperforms in terms of throughput and satisfaction of delay constraints.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.310-336
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• 2021

We use iterative numerical procedures combined with analytical methods due to Rapach and Wohar (2009) to solve for the dynamic asset allocation strategy for optimal portfolio demand. We compare different optimal portfolio demands when investors in each country have different access to overseas and domestic investment opportunities. The optimal dynamic asset allocation strategy without foreign investment opportunities leads domestic investors in Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore to allocate more funds to domestic bonds than to domestic stocks. However, the U.S. investors allocate more wealth to domestic stocks than to domestic bonds. Investors in all countries short bills at a low level of risk aversion. Next, we investigate dynamic asset allocation strategy when domestic investors in Korea have access to foreign markets. The optimal portfolio demand leads investors in Korea to allocate most resources to domestic bonds and foreign stocks. On the other hand, the portfolio weights on foreign bonds and domestic stocks are relatively low. We also analyze dynamic asset allocation strategy for the investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore when they have access to the Korean markets as overseas investment opportunities. Compared to the results when the investors only have access to domestic markets, the investors in the U.S. and Singapore increase the portfolio weights on domestic stocks in spite of the overseas investment opportunities in the Korean markets. The investors in the U.S., Hong Kong, and Singapore short domestic bills to invest more than initial funds in risky assets with a varying degree of relative risk aversion coefficients without exception.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-107
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• 2010

Urbanized environments are constructed to estimate peak flow and cost savings in response to possible BMP allocation at a watershed scale. The main goal is to explore the proper allocation of sub-watershed level BMPs for peak flow attenuation at a watershed scale. Since several individual site scale BMPs work as a form of aggregated BMPs at a sub-watershed scale, it is a question as to how to properly allocate the sub-watershed level BMPs at a watershed scale. The Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) is set up for a hypothetically urbanized watershed. A peak flow is determined to be the primary variable of interest and targeted to characterize the spatial distribution of aggregated BMPs. Construction cost of a regional pond forms the basis of the economic valuation. The results indicate that when total size of BMPs is constant in the entire watershed, (1) it is most effective to have aggregated BMPs in some upper sub-watersheds while the BMPs in either the mainstem sub-watershed or a single sub-watershed are the least effective choices for peak flow attenuation at a watershed scale; (2) savings exist between allocation differences and reduced peak flow increases cost savings. The largest saving is found in the strategy of aggregated BMPs in some upper sub-watersheds. These findings, however, call for follow-up site specific case studies revisiting the watershed scale impacts of BMP allocation. Then, it will be argued that location and extent of decentralization are considerable policy variables for an alternative stormwater management policy at a watershed scale.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the appropriate allocation of emergency medical beds across 17 provinces and presume the economic benefits associated with such allocation. Methods: To estimate the optimal allocation of emergency medical beds by province, data from the Statistics Korea's "cause of death statistics (2014-2021)," regional statistics on "area, population, gender, age," and "population projections" were utilized. The "number of emergency beds by city and district" provided by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service was also used. In estimating the economic benefits of preventing avoidable emergency deaths due to the expansion of emergency medical facilities, guidelines from the Korea Development Institute and the Korea Transport Institute were referenced to calculate the wage loss costs associated with emergency deaths and estimate the economic benefits. Results: The optimal ratio of emergency medical beds allocation by region was highest in Gyeonggi, Seoul, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, and Busan, while Daejeon, Jeju, and Sejong showed lower ratios. Additionally, the prevention of avoidable deaths and economic benefits resulting from the increase in emergency medical facilities were highest in Gyeonggi, Seoul, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Busan. However, when standardized by population, the prevention of avoidable deaths and economic benefits were analyzed to be highest in Gyeongbuk, Chungnam, Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, and Busan. Conclusion: The results of this study can serve as foundational data for future policy measures aimed at addressing the imbalance in the supply of emergency medical facilities across regions. Considering regional characteristics in the distribution of emergency medical facilities is expected to ultimately increase the efficiency of national finances and yield economic benefits.