• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.335-340
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 다양한 식품으로부터 식중독 세균의 DNA를 추출하는 효율을 비교 하였다. 사용된 DNA 추출 방법은 TaKaRa Kit를 이용하는 방법, PrepMan reagent를 이용하는 방법, boiling method, PEG를 이용한 alkaline method가 사용되었다. 비용절감이나 시간절약 면에서 boiling method나 PrepMan method도 고려할 수 있지만, column kit를 이용하는 TaKaRa kit가 효율적이라고 판단되었다. 또한 정성 시험법에서 적은 양의 균을 검출하기 위해 증균배양을 거치게 되는데 이때 사용되는 증균배지의 성분이 DNA 추출 후에도 잔류하여 saline과 비교하였을 때 DNA 추출효율이 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 증균배지의 성분을 제거한 뒤 DNA를 추출하는 것이 PCR의 효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 정량 시험법에서는 증균과정을 거치지 않아 균을 검출할 때 DNA의 추출 효율이 중요하기 때문에 DNA 추출 효율을 높이기 위한 가장 좋은 버퍼를 선정하고자 하였다. 그 결과 E. coli O157:H7에서는 saline이, S. aureus에서는 증류수를 버퍼로 사용했을 때 DNA 추출 효율이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.114.1-114.1
• /
• 2011

Bioenergy production from lignocellulosic biomass and agriculture wastes have been attracted because of its sustainable and non-edible source. Especially, canola is considered as one of the best feedstock for renewable fuel production. Oil extracted canola and its agriculture residues are reuseable for bioethanol production. However, a pretreatment step is required before enzymatic hydrolysis to disrupt recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrix. To increase the sugar conversion, more efficient pretreatment process was necessary for removal of saccharification barriers such as lignin. Alkaline pretreatment makes the lignocellulose swollen through solvation and induces more porous structure for enzyme access. In our previous work, aqueous ammonia (1~20%) was utilized for alkaline reagent to increase the crystallinity of canola residues pretreatment. In this study, significant factors for efficient soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment on canola residues was optimized by using the response surface method (RSM). Based on the fundamental experiments, the real values of factors at the center (0) were determined as follows; $70^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 17.5% of ammonia concentration and 18 h of reaction time in the experiment design using central composition design (CCD). A statistical model predicted that the highest removal yield of lignin was 54% at the following optimized reaction conditions: $72.68^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 18.30% of ammonia concentration and 18.30 h of reaction time. Finally, maximum theoretical yields of soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment were 42.23% of glucose and 22.68% of xylose.

• 분석과학
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2018

사건 현장에 남겨진 혈흔을 찾는 것은 사건을 재구성하거나 해결하기 위해서 매우 중요하다. 사건현장에서 사용할 수 있는 수많은 시약들이 개발되었지만, 루미놀이 가장 대표적인 시약이라고 할 수 있다. 최근에는 블루스타라는 시약이 주로 사용되고 있지만, 가격이 비싸고 시약을 제조한 후 보관이 불가능하다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 블루스타 수준의 발광강도를 유지하면서 제조 후 장시간 보관할 수 있는 새로운 루미놀 시약을 개발하고자 했다. 루미놀은 알칼리 수용액에서 잘 녹기 때문에, 시약을 제조할 때 수산화나트륨의 사용은 과산화수소의 분해를 촉진시킬 수 있다. 루미놀 시약을 제조할 때 과산화수소 안정화제로 황산마그네슘, 규산나트륨, 삼인산칼륨을 농도별로 첨가한 후, 혈흔과 반응할 때 시약의 발광강도 및 보관기간에 미치는 영향을 확인했다. 과산화수소 안정화제 첨가는 발광강도에 별다른 영향을 주지 않았고, 보관 중 루미놀 시약의 pH를 일정하게 유지시켜 줌으로서 시약의 보관기간을 크게 늘려줬다. 과산화수소 안정화제로 황산마그네슘이 가장 적절하였다. 과산화수소 대신 과붕산나트륨을 산화제로 사용했을 경우, 희석 혈흔에 대한 민감도와 발광강도에 큰 변화는 없었지만 제조 후 보관기간이 단축되었다. 그렇지만, 혈흔과 반응한 후 혼합액의 pH 상승 폭이 과산화수소로 제조한 시약보다 줄어들었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.336-342
• /
• 2002

MeOH extract of Kochia scoparia was fractionated into $CHCl_3-$, EtOAc- and BuOH extracts and the last fraction were hydrolyzed by 3%-NaOH ($MeOH-H_2O$) to compare the bioactivities on antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Silica gel column chromatography of BuOH fraction afforded a large amount of $3-Ο-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl {\;}(1{\rightarrow}3)-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranosyl$ oleanolic acid (momordin Ic, 4) and that of acid hydrolysate of BuOH fraction gave $3-Ο-{\beta}-D-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic$ acid (momordin Ib, 3), its 6'-Ο-methyl ester (2) and oleanolic acid (1). Silica gel column chromatography of alkaline hydrolysate afforded a large amount of 4. MeOH extract and both EtOAc- and BuOH fractions were active in the rheumatoidal rat induced Freund's complete adjuvant reagent (FCA) whereas $CHCl_3$ fraction was inactive. Compound 1 and 4 showed significant activities in the same assay but oleanolic acid 3-Ο-glucuronopyranoside (3) showed no activity. These fashions were also observed in carrageenan-induced edema of the rat and in the antinociceptive activity tests undertaken in hot plate- and writhing methods. These results suggest that momordin Ic and its aglycone, oleanolic acid, could be active principles for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 2005

The chemiluminescence reaction of lophine with $H_2O_2$ in alkaline solution has been investigated for use in determination of $Cu^{2+}$ ions. The observed chemiluminescence intensity is found to be a function of the concentration of $Cu^{2+}$. Under the optimum reagent concentrations such as $4{\times}10^{-4}M$ lophine, 0.8 M KOH, 0.2M $H_2O_2,{\lambda}_{em}$, 533nm, the linear range and the detection limit were found to be 0.048ug/ml-48.32ug/ml (R=0.99897) and 0.005ulg/ml respectively. Relative standard deviation for five determinations of 24.16ug/ml $Cu^{2+}$ is 2.35%. The interference from other species was investigated. The proposed method was applied to the determination of $Cu^{2+}$ in different water samples.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.313-316
• /
• 2009

To determine the optimal medium conditions for the detection of the cellulolytic activity in Ganoderma lucidum, we varied three media conditions: dye reagent, pH, and temperature. First, we evaluated the use of four dyes, Congo Red, Phenol Red, Remazol Brilliant Blue, and Trypan Blue. To observe the effect of pH on the chromogenic reaction, we also made and tested various media spanning acidic and alkaline pHs, ranging from 4.5 to 8.0. Furthermore, in order to research the effect of temperature on the clear zone and the fungus growing zone, we tested temperatures ranging from 15 to $35{^{\circ}C}$. On the whole, the best protocol called for Ganoderma lucidum transfer onto media containing Congo red with pH adjusted to 7.0, followed by incubation at $25{^{\circ}C}$ for 5 days. Our results will be useful to researchers who aim to study extracellular enzyme activity in Ganoderma lucidum.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2021

Large amount of formaldehyde could be released inevitably during the flame-retardant (FR) treatments or from the finished fabrics using Provatex reagent and Proban polymers which have been used as durable FRs for cotton. A water-soluble cyclophosphazene derivative was synthesized as an ecofriendly phosphorus-based FR for cotton fibers. Dichloro tetrakis{N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamido} cyclcophosphazene (DCTDCP) was synthesized through the substiutution reaction of Hexachloro cyclophosphazene and N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide at a mole ratio of 1 : 4, which can be cured dually by both alkaline treatment and UV irradiation. More crosslinked networks were produced through the addition of Triacryloyl hexahydrotriazine and Acrylamide as a UV-curable crosslinker and a comonomer respectively. Both flame retardancy and washing durability of the FR cotton were improved synergistically. The durability improvement may be caused by the covalent bond formation of the FR with cellulose and the high degree of polymerization of DCTDCP, which can be verified by the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors analyzed by LOI, TGA, and microcalorimeter.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 1971

This experiment was conducted, how making use of "Seracol 100", a kind of nonionic surface active reagent, during cocoon cooking and silk reeling process which is mainly used in Korea and developed by one of the authors since 1965. Main purpose of the experiment is to investigate the influence of the activity of the reelability aid reagent on various degree of hardness component and various salts which are contained in filature water being used by silk factories now. Specifically, it was tried to determine the effects of the reelability aid reagent added to each sample water of artificially differentiated the degree of hardness component upon sericin solubility. Some of the major findings are summarized as follows. 1. "Seracol 100", with below 5$^{\circ}$dH water, increased sericin solubility in each sample water, but above $10^{\circ}$dH the effect of it shows a significant relationship with the different degree of hardness component. Besides the component (MgCO$_3$)$_4$ㆍMg(OH)$_2$, generally, the higher the degree of hardness in the water, the less the amount of desolved sericin in the water showed. There is little or no difference between 1000 times diluted "Seracol 100" water and 2000 times diluted "Seracol 100" water in terms of sericin solubility. 2. The different kind of degree of hardness component shows a significant relationship with sericin solubility, In case use of "Seracol 100", Mg hardness component affected on the sericin solubility more than Ca hardness. But in the control, contrary to this, that is Ca hardness component did more than Mg hardness, 3. The different kind of salts in degree of hardness component show a significant relationship with sericin solubility. In the control water, nitrate is the greatest among salts affecting on sericin solubility, next chloride and sulfate are in order. In case of "Seracol 100" water, chloride is the least among salts, below $10^{\circ}$dH, next sulfate and nitrate are in order, and above 15$^{\circ}$dH, next nitrate and sulfate are in order. 4. In case of "Seracol 100" water, the more contained heavy metal salts (Fe, Al, Cu, Mn) in the water, the less sericin solubility showed. It is found that there is little or no difference among other salts in terms of sericin solubility. But alkaline metal salt remarkably increased sericin solubility. 5. In case of "Seracol 100" water, tinting of the water was affected by Ca salts more than by Mg salts. Among other salts, only Al and Fe affected on the tinting of the water, specifically, in view of the fact that "Seracol 100" water increase the tinting of Fe salt water, but decrease the tinting of raw silk. It is thought that "Seracol 100" deter Fe$^{+2}$ from absorbing to raw silk by deteriorating the activity of Fe$^{+2}$ . 6. "Seracol 100" have the effect on osmosis of the water, After treatment until 2hrs the osmosis of 1000 times diluted "Seracol 100" water is the greatest, next orders are 2000 times diluted "Seracol 100" and control. From 2 hrs to 6 hrs the osmosis of 2000 times diluted water is the greatest, next orders are 1000 times diluted water and control. After 6 hrs the osmosis of the water is the same order as above. 7. In view of tile fact that "Seracol 100" have the effect to control the degree of hardness during the treatment of cocoon layer in the water, it is thought that, in varying degree of hardness in the water, there is a significant relationship between "Seracol 100" and degree of hardness components in cocoon layer.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제38권11호
• /
• pp.603-610
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 폐 알칼리망간전지 분말(spent alkaline manganese battery powder, SABP <8 mesh)의 산 침출액으로부터 분리한 망간이온을 이용하여 산화-중합반응 촉매인 버네사이트를 제조하였고, 1-naphthol (1-NP)을 대상으로 페놀계 화합물의 제거 반응성을 조사하였다. 망간산화물의 결정상과 반응성은 순수 망간시약($MnSO_4$, $MnCl_2$)을 사용하여 합성한 망간산화물(manganese oxide, MOs) 및 기존의 McKenzie 합성방법에 의한 Acid birnessite (A-Bir)의 결과와도 비교 평가하였다. SABP에 존재하는 망간과 아연이온은 과산화수소 존재 하에서의 황산 침출($1.0M\;H_2SO_4+10.5%\;H_2O_2$, solid/liquid (S/L)비=1/10 g/mL, $60^{\circ}C$)을 통해 각각 약 96%와 98% 회수하였다. 산 침출액으로부터 망간이온은 수산화물(NaOH) 침전을 통해 pH 8과 pH>13 조건에서 각각 69.0%와 94.3% 분리하였다. 1-NP 제거능을 토대로 SABP 산 침출액으로부터 알칼리(NaOH) 수열합성법에 의한 망간산화물의 제조를 위한 적정 OH/Mn 혼합비(M/M)는 6.0이었고, XRD 분석을 통해 버네사이트(${\delta}-MnO_2$) 결정상을 가짐을 확인하였다. pH 8 (${Mn^{2+}}_{(aq)}$)과 pH>13 ($Mn(OH)_{2(s)}$)에서 회수한 망간을 사용하여 얻은 망간산화물의 1-NP 제거 반응속도(k, at pH 6)는 각각 0.112, $0106min^{-1}$으로서 $MnSO_4$ 시약을 사용하여 얻은 망간산화물의 결과($0.117min^{-1}$)와 유사하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 폐 알칼리망간전지 분말로부터 얻은 버네사이트는 미량 유해물질 제거를 위한 산화-중합 반응 촉매로 활용 가능함을 알 수 있었으며, 버네사이트 제조를 위한 폐 알칼리망간전지의 재활용 흐름도를 제시하였다.

• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 2009

옥외 철제문화재는 외부에 노출되어 있으므로 환경오염인자나 산성비에 의한 염($Cl^-$)의 영향으로 부식이 발생되기 때문에 탈염처리 등 보존처리가 필요하다. 그러나 현재 옥외 철제문화재의 보존처리는 강화처리에 한정되어 있어 염에 대한 손상정도나 염을 제거하는 탈염처리 방법에 대한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 기존에 사용하고 있는 탈염방법은 주로 매장 철제문화재를 대상으로 하여 탈염용액에 침적시키는 방법이기 때문에 옥외 철제문화재에 적용하기에는 어려움이 있다. 이러한 점을 감안하여 탈염용액을 재료에 흡수시켜 철제문화재에 흡착시키고 증발을 막기 위해 방수 필름으로 포장하는 탈염 방법을 실험해 보았다. 옥외 철제문화재에 적용 가능한 탈염처리 방법을 알아보기 위하여 우선 매장 철제문화재를 대상으로 실험하였으며, 탈염흡수재료로는 전통한지, 거즈, cotton wipers, 흡습지를 선정하였고, 탈염용액은 NaOH 0.1M를 사용하였다. 또한 기존의 침적탈염방법을 함께 실행하여 흡착탈염방법과의 효율성을 비교해 보았다. 본 탈염실험에 대한 안정성 평가를 위하여 실체현미경과 SEM-EDS, XRD, pH측정과 이온크로마토그래피분석(IC)을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 흡습지가 기존 탈염 방법과 유사한 탈염 효과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다.