• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.3.1-3.10
• /
• 2014

Amino acid substitution matrices are essential tools for protein sequence analysis, homology sequence search in protein databases and multiple sequence alignment. The PAM matrix was the first widely used amino acid substitution matrix. The BLOSUM series then succeeded the PAM matrix. Most substitution matrixes were developed by using the statistical frequency of substitution between each amino acid at blocks representing groups of protein families or related proteins. However, substitution of amino acids is based on the similarity of physiochemical properties of each amino acid. In this study, a new approach was used to obtain major physiochemical properties in multiple sequence alignment. Frequency of amino acid substitution in multiple sequence alignment database and selected attributes of amino acids in physiochemical properties database were merged. This merged data showed the major physiochemical properties through principle components analysis. Using factor analysis, these four principle components were interpreted as flexibility of electronic movement, polarity, negative charge and structural flexibility. Applying these four components, BAPS was constructed and validated for accuracy. When comparing receiver operated characteristic ($ROC_{50}$) values, BAPS scored slightly lower than BLOSUM and PAM. However, when evaluating for accuracy by comparing results from multiple sequence alignment with the structural alignment results of two test data sets with known three-dimensional structure in the homologous structure alignment database, the result of the test for BAPS was comparatively equivalent or better than results for prior matrices including PAM, Gonnet, Identity and Genetic code matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.463-472
• /
• 2017

Inertial Navigation System Alignment is the process to determine direction cosine matrix which is the transformation matrix between the INS body frame and navigation frame. INS initial position value is necessary to INS attitude calculation, so that user should wait until he get such value to start the INS alignment. To remove the waiting time, we propose an alignment algorithm that immediately starts after the INS power on by using pseudo initial position input and then is completed with attitude error compensation by entering true position later. We analyse effect of INS sensor error on attitude in process of time and verify the performance and usefulness of the close-loop alignment algorithm which corrects attitude error from the change of initial position.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.44-44
• /
• 2008

To date, rubbing has been widely used to align LC molecules uniformly. Although rubbing can be simple, it has fundamental problems such as the generation of defects by dust and static electricity, and difficulty in achieving a uniform LC alignment on a large substrate. Therefore, non contact alignment has been investigated. Ion beam induced alignment method, which provides controllability, nonstop process, and high resolution display. In this study, we investigated liquid crystal (LC) alignment with ion beam (IB) that non contact alignment technique on polyimide and electro-optical characteristics of twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) on the polyimide under various ion beam angles. In this experiment, Polyimide layer was coated on glass by spin-coating and Voltage-transmittance(VT) and response time characteristics of the TN cell were measured by a LCD evaluation system. The good characteristics of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alignment with the ion beam exposure polyimide surface was observed. The tilt angle of NLC on the PI surface with ion beam exposure can be measured under $1^{\circ}$ for all of irradiation angles. In addition, it can be achieved the good EO properties, and residual DC property of the ion beam aligned TN cell on polyimide surface.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of lower extremity alignment according to plantar surface compliance in standing status. The thirty normal adults (15 men and 15 women) aged between 20 and 29 were assigned to 3 groups: control group, experimental groups (AHPS group, ASPH group). The lower extremity alignment was examined before and after adaptation with corresponding foam types. The results of this study were as follows : 1. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment before and after test of the control group which any change did not exist in plantar surface compliance, there were not significant differences in the angle A, B, C, D, E of right and left(p>0.05). 2. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment before and after test of the AHPS group which forefoot part of plantar surface is hard and rear foot part is soft, there were not significant differences in the angle A of right and left(p>0.05). But, there were significantly decreased in the angle B, C, D, E of right and left(p<0.05). 3. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment before and after test of the ASPH group which forefoot part of plantar surface is soft and rear foot part is hard, there were not significant differences in the angle A of right and left(p>0.05). But, there were significantly increased in the angle B, C, D, E of right and left(p<0.05). 4. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment of the control group, AHPS group and ASPH group, there were not significant differences in the angle A, B, C, D, E of right and left before test(p>0.05). But, there were significant differences in the angle C, D of right and left after test(p<0.05).

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.90-94
• /
• 2015

We stuidied liauid crystal alignment treatment using solution process for making thin oxide layer in liquid crystal display. It is the one of very effient and popular process in making thin oxide layer in electronical industrial fields. Particularly, this process has highly potential value in liquid crystal display industrial fields because it cause automatically induced alignment process without tranditional alignment process in liquid crystal alignment process. We made several different kinds of mol density solutions using strontium oxide solution. And those solutions were treated for solidification layers using annealing process for 2 hours. And we stuided pretilt angle properties of these alignment layers of strontium oxide for clarifying the relationship of liquid crystal molecules and thin strontium oxide layer. And we also tested the existence of strontium oxide thin layer on substrate using XPS measurement. We expected the hig gain of electro-optical properties in liquid crystal display using strontium oxide thin layer because it has high K property material than the other metal-based oxide layers. In this results, we measured 1.447 to 1.613 thresholds volts as 0.1 mol to 0.4 mol density in 0.1 mol density steps. This is significant better characteristics than conventional liquid crystal display as higher than 1.85 thresholds volts. And it make possible to making next-generation liquid crystal display which present low-power consumption and wide gray scale in liquid crystal display.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.5A
• /
• pp.485-494
• /
• 2011

In this paper, novel sub-space interference alignment algorithms are proposed to boost the capacity in multi-cell environment. In the case of conventional sub-space alignment, arbitrary reference vectors have been adopted as transmitting vectors at the transmitter side, and the inter-cell interference among users are eliminated by using orthogonal vectors of the chosen reference vectors at the receiver side. However, in this case, sum-rate varies using different reference vectors even though the channel values keep constant, and vice versa. Therefore, the relationship between reference vectors and channel values are analyzed in this paper, and novel interference alignment algorithms are proposed to increase multi-cell capacity. Reference vectors with similar magnitude are adopted in the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms provide about 50 % higher sum-rate than conventional algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.278-279
• /
• 2006

In this study, we investigated the electro-optical (EO) characteristic of fringe-field switching (FFS) mode cell by the two kinds of ultraviolet (UV) alignment method on the organic thin film (polyimide Pl). The suitable organic layers for FFS cell and the aligning capabilities of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) using the in-situ photo-alignment method were studied. An unstable V-T curve of UV-aligned FFS-LCD with conventional photo-alignment method can be achieved. However, a stable V-T curve of UV-aligned FFS-LCD with in-situ photo-alignment method (1h), and V-T curve of UV-aligned FFS-LCD with in-situ photo-alignment method was much stable comparing with that of other UV-aligned FFS-LCD's, As a result, more stable EO performance of UV-aligned FFS-LCD with in-Situ photo-alignment method is obtained than that of the other UV-aligned FFS-LCD's.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.502-505
• /
• 2004

We studied the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) aligning capabilities using the new alignment material of a SiC (Silicon Carbide) thin film. SiC thin film exhibits good chemical and thermal stability. The good thermal and chemical stability make SiC an attractive candidate for electronic applications. A homeotropic alignment of nematic liquid crystal by ion beam (IB) exposure on the SiC thin film surface was achieved. The about $87^{\circ}$ of stable pretilt angle was achieved at the range from $30^{\circ}$ to $45^{\circ}$ of incident angle. The good LC alignment is maintained by the ion beam alignment method on the SiC thin film surface until annealing temperature of $300^{\circ}C$. Consequently, homeotropic alignment effect of liquid crystal and the good thermal stability by the ion beam alignment method on the SiC thin film layer can be achieved.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2007

We have studied the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alignment effects on a nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon (NDLC) thin film layer with ion beam irradiation. The pretilt angle for NLC on the NDLC surface with ion beam exposure was observed below 1 degree. Also, we had the good LC alignment characteristics on the NDLC thin films with ion beam exposure of 1800 eV. In thermal stability experiments, the alignment defect of the NLC on the NDLC surface with ion beam irradiation above annealing temperature of $250^{\circ}C$ can be observed. Therefore, the good thermal stability and LC alignment for NLC by ion beam aligned NDLC thin films can be achieved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.329-329
• /
• 2008

To date, rubbing has been widely used to align LC molecules uniformly. Although rubbing can be simple, it has fundamental problems such as the generation of defects by dust and static electricity, and difficulty in achieving a uniform LC alignment on a large substrate. Therefore, noncontact alignment has been investigated. Ion beam induced alignment method, which provides controllability, nonstop process, and high resolution display. In this study, we investigated liquid crystal (LC) alignment with ion beam (IB) that non contact alignment technique on polyimide and electro-optical characteristics of twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) on the poly imide under various ion beam angles. In this experiment, Polyimide layer was coated on glass by spin-coating and Voltage-transmittance(VT) and response time characteristics of the TN cell were measured by a LCD evaluation system. The good characteristics of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alignment with the ion beam exposure poly imide surface was observed. The tilt angle of NLC on the PI surface with ion beam exposure can be measured under $1^{\circ}4 for all of irradiation angles. In addition, it can be achieved the good ED properties, and residual DC property of the ion beam aligned TN cell on polyimide surface.