• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2014

Cladosiphon okamuranus is edible brown algae cultured commercially and massively at Okinawa coast. Dietary fiber occupying most of C. okamuranus isn't digested and absorbed by digestive enzymes of human. But it is known to prevent and treat constipation as metabolic disease. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber extracted from C. okamuranus on the damage of liver and the blood cholesterol level in the high fat diet-fed rats. The effects were measured by the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in sera. The levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG and LDL were significantly reduced in the C. okamuranus-treated group compared with the high fat diet group. But HDL level was markedly increased. The results showed that the dietary fiber extracts from C. okamuranus have the inhibitive effects of cholesterol biosynthesis in the high fat diet-fed rats.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 1998

젖소폐기물(분뇨)에서 algae meal(cell)을 생산하여 사료로의 재활용 하기 위하여 야생에서 선별한 2종의 algae, ulothrix와 chlorella을 배양하여 algae meal을 생산하였다. 생산된 aigae meal의 일반성분, 투기물, 아미노산 조성 및 지방의 지방산조성을 분석하였으며 in vitro 건물 및 조단백질 소화율 측정하고 어패류에 대한 성장효과 및 안정성을 2종 간을 비교 분석하였다. Algae meal(ulothrix 및 chlorella)의 일반성분 중 건물기준 조단백질 함량은 29.03% 및 29.24%로 유사하였으나 다른 성분 특히 NDF 함량(20.76% 및 5.92%), 조회분 함량(28.99% 및 32.86%) 및 Ca 함량(6.09% 및 12.62%)은 algae종 간에 상당한 유의차를 나타냈다(P<.01). Algae meal의 필수아미노산 조성에서 ulothrix가 valine, isoleucine 및 phenylalanine 등의 함량이 chlorella에서 보다 높게 나타났고 isoleucin, glycine 및 proline 함량은 chlorella (1.46%, 9.79% 및 8.25%)에서 ulothrix (1.16%, 144% 및 1.03%)에서 보다 매우 높게 나타났다(P<.01). Algae meal지방의 포화지방산 조성은 C16:0 및 C18:0의 함량이 ulothrix(33.07% 및 20.70%)에서 chlorella (27.17% 및 7.03%)에서 보다 높았고(P<.01) 불포화 지방산 조성은 C18:1, C18:2 및 C18:3은 chlorella 함량(24.83%, 13.06% 및 5,76%)이 ulothrix 함량(4.69%, 0.03% 및 7.51%) 보다 매우 높았다(P<.01). Algae meal의 in vitro 반추위 및 전체 건물 소화율은 ulothrix(36.33% 및 69.43%)가 chlorella(42.57%및 72.83%)에서 높았다(P<.05) Algae meal의 어패류에 대한 성장효과 및 안정성 (증체율 및 생존율/8주)은 chlorella(178% 및 100%)가 ulothrix(1.59% 및 90%)나 대조구(158% 및 86.7%) 보다 높았으나 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다(P>.05).

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2009년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.377-385
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• 2009

• ALGAE
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2016

Cryptomonas curvata Ehrenberg is a photosynthetic freshwater flagellate and the type species of the genus Cryptomonas. We examined the flagellar apparatus of cryptomorphic C. curvata by transmission electron microscopy. The major components of the flagellar apparatus are the non-keeled rhizostyle (Rhs), striated fibrous root (SR), striated fiber-associated microtubular root (SRm), mitochondrion-associated lamella (ML), and two types of microtubular roots (3r and 2r). The non-keeled Rhs originate at the ventral basal body and consist of two types of microtubule bands extending together into the middle of the cell. The SR and SRm extend parallel to the left side of the cell. The ML originates from the ventral basal body and is a plate-like fibrous structure associated with mitochondria. The 3r extends from the dorsal basal body toward the dorsal anterior of the cell. The 2r originates between the two basal bodies and extends shortly to the left of the cell. The overall configuration of the flagellar apparatus is most similar to that previously reported for C. pyrenoidifera. These results demonstrate that the features of the flagellar apparatus are useful for distinguishing closely related species and inferring phylogenetic relationships among taxa.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2022

The red algal genus Chondrus have long been used as raw materials for carrageenan and dietary fiber in health foods. Despite the importance of genetic information in safeguarding natural seaweed resources, knowledge of the population genetics of Chondrus in the northwest Pacific is limited. In this study, genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of 45 populations (777 specimens) of Chondrus from Korea, China, and Japan were evaluated based on mitochondrial COI-5P gene sequences, and phylogenetic relationships were confirmed based on plastid rbcL gene sequences. Molecular analyses assigned the specimens in this study to three Chondrus species: C. nipponicus, C. ocellatus, and C. giganteus; phenotype-based species classification was impossible owing to their high morphological plasticity. We found moderate intraspecific genetic diversity and a shallow phylogeographic structure in both for C. nipponicus and C. ocellatus, and low intraspecific genetic diversity in C. giganteus. Each of the three species exhibited high-level intraspecific gene flow among regions based on the most common haplotypes (CN1 for C. nipponicus, CO1 for C. ocellatus, and CG1 for C. giganteus). Our comprehensive genetic information provides insights into the phylogeographic patterns and intraspecific diversity of the economically important Chondrus species. It also highlights the need to conserve existing natural Chondrus resources through continuous monitoring of genetic diversity and phylogeographic pattern.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2003

Several polyphenolic compounds and complex mixtures were isolated from brown algae species. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydarzyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of these compounds were evaluated to determine their physiological usefulness as antioxidants for vascular protection. The antioxidative protection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was also evaluated and compared with that of catechin, because the generation of oxidized LDL is one of the most active and specific risk factors contributing to atherogenesis. Oral administration to rats of a commercially available sample ($VNP^{TM}$) containing 30% of these polyphenolic compounds and 70% dietary fiber revealed that the serum reducing capacity measured in terms of FRAP value was significantly elevated 30 min after the treatment, but declined rather quickly thereafter, indicating the good oral absorption of the compounds and their fast binding to the lumenal surface of the blood vessels. An eight-week, human, clinical trial (n=31) of $VNP^{TM}$ showed significant improvement in erectile function measured by IIEF (international index of erectile function) score. These results collectively demonstrated the usefulness of these polyphenolic compounds as fundamental chemopreventive agents against vascular risk factors originating from oxidative stress.

• ALGAE
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2012

Twelve morphological characters and the biochemical composition of Undaria pinnatifida f. distans sporophytes growing on the rocky shores of Jindo and Wando and on cultivation ropes in Kijang were measured to determine whether each population could be characterized by morphological features and biochemical composition. The goal of this study was to compare phenotypic variations between populations as they relate to environmental conditions. The sporophytes of the Kijang population were two times longer and 19 times heavier than those at Jindo. Sporophylls of the Jindo U. pinnatifida population were significantly smaller in length, width, frill number, and weight than those at Wando and Kijang. Kijang Undaria plants showed the highest contents of total protein, crude fiber, total amino acids, the amount of essential amino acids, the proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids, and eicosapentaenoic acid. However, the Jindo population showed the greatest content of carbohydrates, lipids, and minerals (Zn and Ca) of the three U. pinnatifida populations. In particular, Zn content of Jindo plants was 30 times greater than that of Kijang plants. Thus, the proximate composition, mineral composition, amino acids, and fatty acids of Undaria pinnatifida plants were distinguishable among the three representative Undaria populations evaluated. These results suggest that morphological and biochemical differences of the three U. pinnatifida populations can be attributed to differences in environmental conditions of their habitats.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.953-959
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• 2015

광유전학은 생체 조직 및 세포에서 유전공학적으로 발현된 광민감성 단백질을 이용하여 목표로 하는 분자/세포 활동을 조절하기 위한 광학 및 분자적 전략들의 조합이다. 광유전학은 빛을 이용하여 신경세포의 발화 여부를 결정하는 세포막 채널을 빨리 열고 닫는 방법을 포함한다. 이 기술은 녹조류의 광민감성 단백질들을 특정 뇌세포에 넣는데서 시작되었다. 이렇게 하면 세포들은 파랑이나 노락색의 펄스로 켜지거나 꺼질 수 있다. 빨리 개폐되는 광민감성 양이온 채널인 자연계에 존재하는 조류 단백질인 channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)를 이용하여 활동전위의 숫자와 빈번도를 조절할 수 있다. ChR2는 다른 세포들은 영향을 주지 않으면서 한 유형의 신경세포만 조작할 수 있는 길을 제시하는데, 이는 전례가 없는 특이성이다. 이 기술은 빛을 이용하여 단일 발화와 시냅스 사건 수준에서 신경신호전달을 변경시킬 수 있도록 하여 신경과학자와 의생명공학자들에게 널리 적용될 수 있는 도구를 제공한다. 녹조류와 레이저, 유전자 치료, 광섬유의 희한한 조합은 이전에 결코 불가능했던 정밀도로 뇌 속 깊은 곳의 신경 회로 지도를 그릴 수 있도록 해주었다. 이것은 우울증, 불안, 정신분열, 중독, 수면병, 그리고 자폐증 같은 질환의 원인을 밝히는데 도움을 줄 것이다. 광유전학은 파킨슨병, 강박장애, 그리고 전기 펄스가 있는 다른 질환들을 치료하는데 사용되는 기존 이식 도구들을 개선시킬 수 있다. 광유전학 장치는 상기 장치들이 할 수 있는 것보다 더 많이 뇌세포의 특정 세포들을 대상으로 할 수 있다. 신경세포 이외의 일반 세포들에도 광유전학 도구들을 적용하는 연구들이 증가하고 있다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1971

한국산(韓國産) 식용해조류(食用海藻類)의 구성성분(構成成分)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 10종(種)의 식용(食用) 갈조류와 2종(種)의 비식용(非食用) 갈조류를 재료로 하여 일반화학성분(一般化學成分)과 각종 무기염류를 분석 검토하였다. 시료(試料)는 1970년(年) 10월(月) $28{\sim}30$일(日) 제주도에서 채집(採集)하였다. 1) 일반성분(一般成分) 중(中) 수분(水分)은 건물량(乾物量)의 $14{\sim}16%$를 함유하고, 조단백질은 대부분(大部分)이 16% 정도여서 육상야생 식용식물의 경우와 비슷하였다. 조지방(粗脂肪)은 $0.7{\sim}2.0%$ 정도이고, 조섬유(粗纖維)는 $3{\sim}8%$였으나 조회분(粗灰分)은 $9.17{\sim}16.89%$로 매우 높은 함량을 나타내고 있다. 환원당으로 정량한 유리 단당류는 $0.27{\sim}2.49%$를 포함하고 있다. 2) 무기염류 중에서는 Ca이 가장 많아서 $1.73{\sim}2.51%$였고, S이 그 다음으로 $1.0{\sim}1.8%$, Na 과 K이 약 1% 정도였다. Mg과 옥소(沃素)는 약 $0.1{\sim}1%$였고 미량원소에 속하는 Fe과 Zn은 약 $0.01{\sim}0.03%$, Cu와 Mn은 $0.001{\sim}0.005%$ 정도였다. 3) 식용성(食用性) 갈조류와 비식용성(非食用性)인 것 사이에 그 구성성분상(構成成分上) 특기할 차이는 없었고 더욱이 본 실험 결과만으로는 이들의 분류(分類) 내지(乃至) 계통학적(系統學的) 유연관계를 설명해 줄 수 있는 성분상의 차이는 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 4) 해조류가 식품(食品)으로서 지니는 가치는 지방 단백질 및 탄수화물의 함량보다 각종(各種) 무기염류가 다량(多量)으로 또한 다양(多樣)하게 들어 있는 점(點)에 있다고 할 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.413-423
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• 2013

Chlorophyll is an abundant pigment found in all green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. This study uses methanol, acetone and water to extract spinach and mate powders in order to examine the possibility of dyeing animal fibers with chlorophyll without chemical alteration. It was shown that methanol extracts of spinach and mate powders can be effectively used to dye wool and silk fabrics if the extract is mixed with water by methanol:water 65:35 v/v. Compared to methanol extract, the acetone extract showed lower chlorophyll yield and lower dye uptake. Water was not an appropriate solvent for chlorophyll extraction and dyeing. Spinach powder showed a higher dye uptake than mate powder due to the higher chlorophyll content than mate powder. It is possible that the chlorophyll dyeing of wool and silk fabrics is due to the hydrogen bonding between the hydroxy amino acids in fiber and the carbonyl groups of chlorophyll. These carbonyl groups are on the heterocyclic ring and the methyl and ethyl side chains of chlorophyll.