• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2011

The melatonin, total polyphenol contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined in alfalfa, chicory, rape, red kale and sunflower after germination for four days at $24{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. Compared with seeds, melatonin content was increased in all sprouts, at the highest level in red kale (2,502.9 pg/g, 5.6 times higher than seed) followed by rape (2,430.1 pg/g), chicory (2,037.7 pg/g), alfalfa (1,160.8 pg/g) and sunflower (768.2 pg/g) sprout, however, the addition of tryptophan (0.5 mM), the precursor of melatonin synthesis, did not show any desirable effect. Both polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were substantially increased in chicory (8.7 mg/g, 66%), rape (10.7 mg/g, 51%) and red kale (11.0 mg/g, 53%) sprouts, but not in alfalfa and sunflower sprouts. Melatonin content per gram polyphenol (ng/g) was also increased in all sprouts through germination. Germination was effective in increasing melatonin in all seeds tested, while its effect on polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity was species dependent.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2009

To understand the adaptability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to chilling stress, we analyzed the antioxidative mechanism during seed germination. The germination rates of six alfalfa cultivars were studied comparatively at $10^{\circ}C$. Xinmu No. 1 and Northstar were selected as chilling stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive cultivars for further characterization. After chilling treatment, Xinmu No. 1 showed higher seedling growth than Northstar. Xinmu No. 1 exhibited low levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation compared with Northstar. In addition, shoots in Xinmu No. 1 treated with chilling showed higher activities of the superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase than those of Northstar, whereas Xinmu No. 1 showed higher APX activity in roots that Northstar. These results indicated that high antioxidation activity in Xinmu No. 1 under chilling stress is well associated with tolerance to chilling condition during germination.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.589-605
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• 2012

This study was conducted to identify allelopathic effect of Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp., named Sajabalssuk and Ssajuarissuk, for various receptor plants including clover (Trifolium repens L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), lawn grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), dandelion (Taraxacum platycarpum Dahlst.), and dahurianpatrinia (Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trevir). Receptor plants were treated with the aqueous and essential oil extract of Artemisia plants. In consequence, their allelopathic effects were evaluated by measuring seed germination rates, seedling growth, and dry weights of the receptor plants. The seed germination and seedling growth of the receptor plants were inhibited by all treatments of both aqueous and essential oil extracts of the Artemisia plants, and, in addition, the inhibitory effects were increased according to the higher concentration. Among the donor plants, A. $sp.^*III$ showed most effective allelopathic effect. Comparing the alleopathic effect among the receptor plants, seed germination was most inhibited in lawn grass while inhibitory effect of seedling growth was comparatively higher in dandelion. Although inhibitory effects were comparatively lower, the allelopathic effects of Artemisia plants were identified in clover and alfalfa since the seedling growth of these plants were inhibited more than 70%. Thus, in result, Ganghwa domestic Artemisia spp. could be possibly used for weed control since natural products of the plants showed inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of various receptor plants.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2007

Fresh sprouts such as alfalfa, mung bean, radish, broccoli, and soybean sprouts have become very popular due do their high nutritional value. However, there have been several outbreaks of illness in the last few years that have been attributed to sprout consumption. A number of methods have been used to improve the safety of seed sprouts. One promising technology is the use of ionizing radiation treatment. Irradiation with doses up to 8 kGy has been approved in the USA to control microbial pathogens in seeds intended for sprout production. This review focuses on the potential use of ionizing radiation in reducing the pathogen levels in seed sprouts. The effects of irradiation on seed germination and the nutritional quality of the sprouts are discussed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2021

The optimal determination of seeding rate is critical to minimizing uncertainties about the large variations observed in forage quality and productivity when alfalfa is cultivated under different geographical areas and growing conditions. The objective of this investigation was to provide information about the proper seeding rate according to harvest timing for alfalfa cultivation in the Northern regions of Korea. Alfalfa was sown in September 2018 at a seeding rate of 20, 30 or 40 kg/ha and harvested four times in 2019: May 3, July 2, September 11, and October 13. Regardless of seeding rate, alfalfa plant height was longest at the third harvest (113 cm) and the shortest in the last annual harvest (43.8 cm). However, seeding rate had no effect on alfalfa plant height at any harvest. Forage relative feed value was increased in the first cutting but decreased in the third cuttings as seeding rate increased. However, seeding rate had slight effect on alfalfa forage quality components at the second and fourth cuttings. Total annual DM and crude protein production (in 4 harvests) was greater at higher seeding rates. Plots seeded at a rate of 40 kg/ha produced on average 1,257 and 2,620 kg/ha more forage (DM basis) than those seeded at a rate of 30 or 20 kg/ha, respectively. Forage DM production at the first, second, third, and fourth harvests accounted for 36.1, 24.0, 27.1, and 12.8 % of total annual DM production, respectively. Overall, small differences were seen when alfalfa seeding rate was different but maximum forage DM production (in four harvests) was detected when seeding rate was 40 kg/ha. These data could be useful to the alfalfa growers by allowing them to make more accurate trade-offs between seed price and the expected magnitude of forage yield gains in order to select the best seeding rate.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

종자의 priming은 유식물의 초기 정착에 중요한 기술 중의 하나이다. 따라서 본 시험에서는 목초의 주요 초종인 톨 페스큐, 오처드그라스, 알팔파 및 화이트 클로버의 발아율 향상과 균일도 증가를 위하여 priming 약제의 종류와 농도를 달리하여 발아율을 조사하였다. 본 시험은 분할구 배치법으로 주구는 $KNO_3,\;KH_2PO_4,\;K_3PO_4,\;Ca(NO_3){_2}$ 및 PEG 약제를, 세구는 50mM(또는 10%), 100mM(또는 20%) 및 200mM(또는 30%)의 약제농도를 두었다. Priming 목초의 발아율은 약제의 종류 및 농도에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 화본과 목초인 톨 페스큐는 $Ca(NO_3){_2}$와 $K_3PO_4$가 다른 약제보다 발아율이 높았으며, 오처드그라스는 약제간에 차이가 없었으나 $KH_2PO_4$가 다른 약제보다 발아율이 높았다. 한편 두과목초인 알팔파와 화이트 클로버는 모두 PEG에서 높은 발아율을 나타내었다. 한편 약제의 농도는 약제의 종류에 따라 달랐다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 목초의 priming은 초종에 따라 적정 약제종류와 농도가 달랐다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 새싹종자 소독처리 여부에 따른 재배기간별 미생물 오염도 수준을 파악하고, 종자소독이 발아율에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 수입산 새싹종자 알팔파(alfalfa), 브로콜리(broccoli), 클로버(clover), 적양배추(red cabbage), 적무(red radish) 5종에 대하여 소독제 처리 여부에 따른 발아율과 재배기간별 미생물 분석을 실시하였다. 소독제 종류에 관계없이 새싹종자(알팔파, 클로버, 적무)는 48시간 후 90% 이상 높은 발아율을 보였다. 종자 소독 시 식중독균은 검출되지 않았고, 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 미생물 수준을 보였으나, 발아과정에서 일반세균, 대장균군 모두 $10^7-10^8CFU/g$으로 종자소독 여부에 관계없이 종자에 비하여 유의하게 높은 오염 수준을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한 종자 소독하지 않은 클로버에서 Listeria monocytogenes 이 검출되었다. 따라서 새싹채소의 위생적인 안전성을 개선하기 위하여 미국 FDA 권고에 따라 재배전 종자의 소독이 필요하며, 발아과정의 HACCP 관리계획을 마련하여 중점적으로 관리하는 것이 필요하겠다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2017

Humic acid (HA) is known to consist of various kinds of polymeric organics, their detailed structures can vary depend on sample sources such as organic manure, composts, peat, and lignite brown coal, and largely exists in grassland soils. HA possesses diverse positive effects that not only increase plant growth but also improve soil fertility. Recently, we have manufactured a co-polymeric product of catechol and vanillic acid (CAVA) synthesized artificially, and found that CAVA as a HA mimic increases seed germination and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. In this study, we examined whether HA or CAVA affects to seedling growth in alfalfa. Foliar application of HA or CAVA increased alfalfa seedling growth including aerial and in root parts. HA or CAVA dramatically enhanced size of leaf and root, whereas HA significantly displayed higher bioactivity than CAVA. Taken together, CAVA acts like as a HA mimic in alfalfa that could apply as an alternation supplement to enhance plant growth and productivity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2003

Herbicidal activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid(ALA), an intermediate for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll, heme, bacteriochlorophyll, and vitamin $\textrm{B}_{12}$ analogues, was examined to determine the variation in phytotoxic potential against different plant species as affected by different application methods. Seed-soaking treatment, ALA at low concentrations did not affect shoot and root lengths of test plants while at highest concentration reduced them by 20 to 30%. Alfalfa showed the most tolerant response to ALA in both pre- and post-emergence application, and followed by rice. When applied with pre-emergence, cotyledons of Chinese cabbage were severely bleached with 0.5 mM of ALA at 24 hrs after application, and root growth of rice, barnyard grass, and alfalfa was significantly inhibited with increasing of concentration. With post-emergence application, ALA at 2 to 4 mM reduced shoot and root growths of Chinese cabbage and barnyard grass completely. Herbicidal effects of ALA were more enhanced in the treatment combined with 2,2-dipyridyl sthan single application in barnyard grass and Chinese cabbage. The results suggest that alfalfa was the most tolerant to ALA among the tested plants, and that post-emergence application of ALA exhibited greatest photodynamic activity against tested plants.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1999

알팔파의 식물체로부터 자감작용에 관여한 물질은 알팔파 재배 후에 연작되는 알팔파의 발아와 유묘생장 및 입모를 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 그러한 물질은 아직 확실하게 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 알팔파·잎추출물의 자감작용 특성을 평가하기 위한 유묘생물검정의 감수성을 개선코자 몇 가지 생장배지 및 추출액의 멸균방법을 비교하여 발아와 초기 유묘 생장을 억제하는데 한계 적정농도를 결정하였다. 여과지를 이용한 종이배지보다는 한천과의 혼합배지에서 추출액에 대한 발아 및 유묘신장 반응이 더 민감하였으며, 한천배지에서 뿌리신장, 발아 및 배축 신장을 50% 억제하는 추출액 농도는 각각 2.7, 3.8 및 9.9g $kg^{-1}$으로 나타나, 뿌리신장이 발아나 배축의 신장보다 추출액의 autotoxic 물질에 대해 더 민감하였다. 100ppm의 streptomycin은 유의적으로 발아율을 촉진시켰으나, 추출액이 없는 대조처리의 뿌리 신장을 43%억제시켰다. $125^{\circ}C$ 고열 증압 멸균은 추출물의 활성을 변화시키지 않고 멸균 가능한 방법이었다. 본 연구결과는 고열증압멸균에 의한 추출액을 한천과 혼합한 배지에서 생물검정이 이루어짐으로써 더 높은 일관성과 정확성을 기대할 수 있으며, 뿌리신장은 알팔파 잎 추출물의 자가작용 효과를 검정하는데 최선의 판단기준이 될 수 있음을 결론지을 수 있다.