• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2001

The object of this experiment was to evaluate nutritive value of roughage which was collected by Woosung Feed Co., Ltd. in Korea in 1999-2000. Nineteen kinds of roughage(l32 samples) were collected by Woosung Feed Co., Ltd. and their chemical composition, ADF, NDF, Ca and P. were analysed. In addition, their DMD, DMI, WV and hay grades were calculated based on analysed values. The CP content of roughage was ranged from 17.35%(alfalfa hay) to 4.00%(Italian ryegrass hay), and ten kinds of roughage under six percentages were observed. The NDF content of roughage was ranged from 47.50%(sugarcane leaf) to 78.84%(orchardgrass hay), and eight kinds of roughage above seventy percentages were observed. The DMD of roughage was ranged from 66.38%(beet pulp) to 50.95%(orchardgrass hay). The WV of roughage was ranged from 60.1 l(orchardgrass hay) to 125.07(sugarcane leaf). In hay grade of roughage, the first grade was assigned to sugarcane leaf only and the third grade and fourth grade were assigned to four kinds of roughage each. Bermudagrass straw received the fifth grade, and the nine kinds of roughage received the poor grades. As shown in the above results, nineteen kinds of roughage were mostly low in crude protein contents and dry matter digestibility, but they were high in fibrous contents. Futhermore, while only one kind of roughage was evaluated as obtaining the first grade, nine kinds of roughage were evaluated as the poor grade. Hence, we know that roughage which was collected in Korea was mostly low in their quality and that there was significant difference in their feed value among those roughage(P<0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to mark the hay quality for purpose of distributive circulation of roughage. (Key words : Roughages, Nutritive value, DMD. RFV. Hay grade)

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 1997

A field experiment was conducted at the forage experimental plots, Seoul National University, Suweon h m 1995 to 1996 to determine the effect of legume residues as a N source and N fertilizer on corn (Zea mays L.) silage yield, N uptake, and availability of inorganic N in the soil. Corn was grown following (i) red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), (ii) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), (iii) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and (iv) winter fallow. The plots were split into two rates of fertilizer N (0 and 90kg Nlha) in a split-plot experimental plan. Compared with fallow treatment, legumes depleted soil water in the surface 15cm at corn planting by 17 to 26%. As a result, corn emergence was markedly delayed with legume residues by 8 to 11 days. Corn silage DM yield was significantly reduced in the presence of legume residues by 2.0 to 3.4 and 1.5 to 2.5 tonlha compared with winter fallow treatment at 0 and 90kg fertilizer Nlha, respectively, but no significant difference in the corn DM yield was found between legume residue treatments. There was an overall tendency for increased corn yields with 90kg fertilizer Nlha compared to Okg fertilizer Nlha, although not all yield increases were significantly greater. The corn yield response to applied N suggests that a source of N from legume residues was not sufficient for a succeeding corn crop. There was significantly more N (P

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

The occurrence of potato(Sotanum tuberosum) viral diseases caused by Potato virus X(PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY), Potato leafroll virus(PLRV), Potato vims S(PVS), Potato virus M(PVM), Potato virus A(PVA), Potato virus T(PVT), Alfalfa mosic virus(AIMV), Tobacco mosic virus(TMV), Potato mop top virus(PMTV) Tobacco rattle virus(TRV) and Potato spindle tuber viroid(PSTVd), potato witches' broom phytoplasma, have been identified so far in Korea. Major viral diseases such as PVX, PVY and PLRV had been studied more deeply, however, the others are just identified and only partially characterized since the first study on the relation between PVX nucleic acid and virus protein by Kim in 1961. The most studies on potato viral diseases are mainly focused on the problems of seed potato production. The National Alpine Agricultural Experiment Station(NAAES), since it began its activities in 1961, has given special attention to this problem by doing studies to identify, characterize and control potato virus diseases. This effort resulted in the development of new potato virus detection methods as a basis for elaborating new method of control, such as the production of seed potato free of virus and the selection of new virus-resistant transgenic potatoes. The further studies of potato viral diseases required would be fallowings: the continuous monitoring for the occurrence of identified or not identified potato viruses in Korea, the isolation of resistant viral genes, the development of control method for the non-persistently transmitted viruses like PVY, special vectors such as nematode and fungus transmitted viruses, TRV and PMTV and the development of control methods against potato viral diseases by viral cross protection, therapy, transgenic plant, and the use of the agents or molecules, such as virus inhibitors and antiviral proteins, etc., blocking viral replication.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.425-441
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• 2010

Forages are the backbone of sustainable agriculture. They includes a wide variety of plant species ranging from grasses, such as tall fescue and bermudagrass, to herbaceous legumes, such as alfalfa and white clover. Abiotic stresses, especially salinity, drought, temperature extremes, high photon irradiance, and levels of inorganic solutes, are the limiting factors in the growth and productivity of major cultivated forage crops. Given the great complexity of forage species and the associated difficulties encountered in traditional breeding methods, the potential from molecular breeding in improving forage crops has been recognized. Plant engineering strategies for abiotic stress tolerance largely rely on the gene expression for enzymes involved in pathways leading to the synthesis of functional and structural metabolites, proteins that confer stress tolerance, or proteins in signaling and regulatory pathways. Genetic engineering allows researchers to control timing, tissue-specificity, and expression level for optimal function of the introduced genes. Thus, the use of either a constitutive or stress-inducible promoter may be useful in certain cases. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made towards the development of transgenic forage plants with improved tolerance to abiotic stresses.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1998

제주지역에서 前作物로 綠肥作物을 재배하여 破碎$\cdot$耕耘하고 폴리에칠렌 투명비닐로 1997년 8월 5일부터 8월 29일까지 太陽熱土壤消毒후 가을감자를 재배한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 멀칭기간중의 토양깊이 10cm에서 최고지원은 $42^{\circ}C$였다. 綠肥作物栽培 및 멀칭에 의해 토양의 pH 및 有機物含量은 높아졌다. 前作物로 재배한 綠肥作物의 生體收量은 sudangrass 交雜種, 콩, 알팔파 순으로 많앙Tejs 반면 멀칭 太陽熱土壤消毒후 가을감자의 地上部生體重, 塊莖收量 등의 생육형질은 콩 + 가을감자재배구가 가장 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 여름철 고온기에 綠肥作物栽培후 비닐 피복 太陽熱消毒에 의해 작물의 생육형질이 향상될 뿐만 아니라 土壤消毒의 가능성도 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2021

Ensiling is the most preferred technology to preserve the silage quality with high nutrients by the presence of lactic acid bacteria. In this study, lactic acid bacteria RJ1 and S22 were used to make the silages from different leguminous plants such as alfalfa, hairy vetch and red clover. Experimental groups were divided into control and LAB inoculated groups. LAB inoculated group; all legumes treated with a mixture of RJ1 and S22 and made an anaerobic condition for 45d. Without the addition of LAB considered the control group. The results showed that the lactic acid content was higher in all silages in response to LAB treatment and acetic acid content was slightly increased except red clover by LAB compared to control silages. A poor silage quality marker butyric acid was reduced all legume silages in response to LAB inoculation than control silages. The organic acid is closely associated with microbial population experimental silages. We noted that higher LAB and lower yeast were found in the silage in response to LAB treatment. The contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrient (TDN) were not altered significantly between control and LAB treated silages. Overall data suggested that the inclusion of additional LAB potentially enhance the silage quality and preserved the nutrients for long period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1439-1447
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of tanninrich woody species on meat oxidative stability, carcass traits and meat quality in goats. Methods: Two tannin-rich species were tested using a three-treatments feeding trial, where treatments consisted of: Larrea divaricata and Acacia aroma both at 12.5% in dry matter basis of the diet and a control diet (alfalfa hay). All feeding diets were iso-protein and iso-energy. Carcass conformation, carcass compactness, carcass fatness and subcutaneous fat deposition were evaluated. Intake, liveweigh, Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscles of goats were analyzed in order to evaluate quality parameters such as pH value, instrumental color evaluation, water holding capacity, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, meat oxidative stability and fatty acid profiles in meat. Results: Feed intake, liveweight gain, carcass, and meat traits did not differ among treatments. Changes in meat lipid profile among treatments were observed for oleic and elaidic acid contents. Meat total phenolic content and antioxidant activity did not differ among treatments; although, meat oxidative status after storage at room temperature, as well as under refrigerated and frozen conditions were different between control and both supplemented groups. Conclusion: The inclusion of Acacia aroma and Larrea divaricata leaves in goat diet enhanced meat oxidative stability. Modulation of the ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids produced by condensed tannins of these plant species need to be further investigated.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1433-1442
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• 2021

In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture fluid (SCCF) has been added to a diet of lactating dairy cows to attempt to improve the ruminal fermentation and potentially increase the dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SCCF on the milk yield and blood biochemistry in lactating cows during the summer. Twenty-four Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) total mixed ration (TMR-1) (Control); (2) TMR-1 supplemented with SCCF (T1); (3) TMR-2 (containing alfalfa hay) (T2); and (4) TMR-2 supplemented with SCCF (T3). SCCF (5 ml/head, 2.0×10⁷ CFU/mL) was mixed with TMRs daily before feeding to dairy cows. The mean daily temperature-humidity index (THI) during this trial was 76.92 ± 0.51 on average and ranged from 73.04 to 81.19. For particle size distribution, TMR-2 had a lower >19 mm fraction and a higher 8-9 mm fraction than TMR-1 (p < 0.05). The type of TMR did not influence the DMI, body weight (BW), milk yield and composition, or blood metabolites. The milk yield and composition were not affected by the SCCF supplementation, but somatic cell counts were reduced by feeding SCCF (p < 0.05). Feeding SCCF significantly increased the DMI but did not affect the milk yield of dairy cows. The NEFA concentration was slightly decreased compared to that in the control and T2 groups without SCCF. Feeding a yeast culture of S. cerevisiae may improve the feed intake, milk quality and energy balance of dairy cows under heat stress.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.551-571
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• 2022

Xylella fastidiosa is xylem-limited bacterium capable of infecting a wide range of host plants, resulting in Pierce's disease in grapevine, citrus variegated chlorosis, olive quick decline syndrome, peach phony disease, plum leaf scald, alfalfa dwarf, margin necrosis and leaf scorch affecting oleander, coffee, almond, pecan, mulberry, red maple, oak, and other types of cultivated and ornamental plants and forest trees. In the European Union, X. fastidiosa is listed as a quarantine organism. Since its first outbreak in the Apulia region of southern Italy in 2013 where it caused devastating disease on Olea europaea (called olive leaf scorch and quick decline), X. fastidiosa continued to spread and successfully established in some European countries (Corsica and PACA in France, Balearic Islands, Madrid and Comunitat Valenciana in Spain, and Porto in Portugal). The most recent data for Europe indicates that X. fastidiosa is present on 174 hosts, 25 of which were newly identified in 2021 (with further five hosts discovered in other parts of the world in the same year). From the six reported subspecies of X. fastidiosa worldwide, four have been recorded in European countries (fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca, and sandyi). Currently confirmed X. fastidiosa vector species are Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus campestris, and Philaenus italosignus, whereby only P. spumarius (which has been identified as the key vector in Apulia, Italy) is also present in Americas. X. fastidiosa control is currently based on pathogen-free propagation plant material, eradication, territory demarcation, and vector control, as well as use of resistant plant cultivars and bactericidal treatments.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

As a result of climate change, non-point source pollution (NPS) from farmland with the steep slope during the rainy season is expected to have a significant impact on the water system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of furrow mulching using alfalfa and PAM (Polyacrylamide) materials for each rainfall event, while considering the load characteristics of NPS. The study was conducted in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, in 2022, with a testbed that had a slope of 13%, sandy loam soil, and maize crops. The testbed was composed of four plots: bare soil (Bare), No mulching (Cont.), Vegetation mulching (VM), and PAM mulching (PM). Runoff was collected from each rainfall event using a 1/40 sampler and the NPS load was calculated by measuring the concentrations of SS, T-N, T-P, and TOC. During farming season, the reduction efficiency of NPS load was 37.1~59.5% for VM and 38.2~75.7% for PM. The analysis found that VM had a linear regression correlation (R²=0.28~0.86, P-value=0.01~0.1) with elapsed time of application, while PM had a quadratic regression correlation (R²=0.35~0.80, P-value=0.1). These results suggest that the selection of furrow mulch materials and the appropriate application method play a crucial role in reducing non-point pollution in farmland. Therefore, further studies on the time-series reduction effect based on the application method are recommended to develop more effective preemptive reduction technologies.