• 약학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2000

The roots of Cynanhum caudatum (Asclepiadaceae) have been used in folk medicine in Japan and China for the prevention and treatment of various geriatric diseases and also as a cardiotonic agent. Constituents of this plant have mainly been examined for glycosides: besides two steroidal alkaloids, gagaminine and gagamine which was firstly isolated by us, more than 35 polyoxypregnane glycosides and aglycones have also been identified. Gagaminine inhibits potently the hepatic aldehyde oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in vitro. The present work deals with the comparison of antioxidative activities of gagamine, a new pregnane alkaloid, three isolated polyoxypregnanes containing a keto group at C-20 with those of gagaminine, a potent antioxidant, in order to explain the structure-activity relationships. The results of this study further prove that the cinnamoyl group of gagaminine is very important for the inhibition on the aldehyde oxidase activity while the nicotinoyl group is necessary for anti-lipid peroxidation. Besides that, the keto compounds having no ester group at C-12 were found to be more active than the others except gagaminine.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

Objectives : To compare the anti-oxidant effects of Ligusticum chuanxiang and Cnidium officinale extracts and their mixture with Angelica gigas, we investigated the anti-oxidative activities using rat liver tissues. Methods : We investigated the anti-oxidative activities by analysis of lipid peroxidation, xanthine oxidase activity, aldehyde oxidase activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity in rat liver tissues. Results : Both Ligusticum chuanxing and Cnidium offieinale inhibited the lipid peroxidation compared to the control, there is no significant differences between two groups. Cnidium officinale showed strong inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities compared with that of Ligusticum chuanxing. Ligusticum chuanxing and Cnidium officinale were scavenged the hydroxy radicals, and increased SOD and catalase activities. These results suggested that Ligusticum chuanxing and Cnidium officinale were showed antioxidant activity, especially Cnidium officinale showed higher activity than Ligusticum chuanxing. Conclusions: These results suggest that Ligusticum chuanxing could be replaced by Cmdium afficinale in clinical trial.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.273-277
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• 1998

In order to determine the structure-activity relationships for antioxidative effects of gagaminine, a steroidal alkaloid isolated from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordi (Asclepiadaceae), two derivatives identified as sarcostin and penupogenin were prepared from gagaminine by hydrolysis and reduction. These compounds were evaluated for the inhibitory effects on the aidehyde oxidase activity and on lipid perbxidation in vitro. Furthermore, their effects were compared with those of gagaminine and the related compounds, cinnamic acid and nicotinic acid. The results of this study prove that the cinnamoyl group in the structure of gagaminine is critical in inhibition of the aldehyde oxidase activity while the nicotinoyl group may be necessary for anti-lipid peroxidation of the compound.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.503-508
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• 2001

한방에서는 경련억제의 목적으로 처방되고 있는 석창포의 정유액을 분리하여 활성산소종 생성계 효소인 xanthine oxi-dase와 alehyde osidase에 대한 억제활성을 in vitro에서 측정하고 지질과산화 억제효과를 in vitro 와 in vivo에 각각 조사하였으며 DPPH radical 소거 효과를 검토하여 다음과 같은결과를 얻었다. 석창포 정유는 xanthine oxidase에 대해서는 0.01 mg/ml에서 13.3%, aldehyde oxidase에 대해선.s 0.001mg/ml에 서 5.0% 각각 효소 활성을 억제 하였으나, 괴량에서는 오히려 효소활성을 증가시키는것으로 나타났다. 지질과산화 억제효과는 1.0mg/ml에서 대조군에 비해 49.4% 억제하여 우수한 효과를 보였으며 향기를 7일간 흡입시킨 in vivo test에서는 인위적으로 지질과산화를 유발시킨 대조군에 비해 과산화지질이 16.7% 감소되었다. 그러나 DPPH radical에 대한 소거효과는 2.0 mg/ml에서약 4%의 미미한 효과를 나타내었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.411-430
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• 1998

The aim of the presents study is to investigate and compare the antioxidative effects and qualities of the cultivating root of Cynanchum Wilfori, which is increasingly used in recent days, with those of the wilding root, which has mainly been used in the past in oriental medicine for a tonic and also for prevention and treatment of various geriatric diseases including aging progress. For comparison of their antioxidative effects, the activities of the total extracts on lipid peroxidation and the activity of aldehyde oxidase(EC 1.2.3.1) as well as xanthine oxidase(EC 1.2.3.2) were investigated in vitro. In addition, their inhibitory effects on the activity of 5-lipoxygenase, which is known to induce inflammation and concerned with free radicals, were also determined in vitro. Furthermore, the amino acid contents of both roots were analyzed in order to compare their qualities. The results are as follows: 1. The wilding root inhibited significantly the activity of 5-lipoxygenase, showing five times more portent than the cultivating root. 2. Both of the wilding root and the cultivating root inhibited aldehyde oxidase activity in a dose-dependant manner. The wilding root was more effective than the other. 3. Both of the wilding root and the cultivating root dose-dependently suppressed lipid peroxidation in rat brain, kidney, and liver. 4. The anti-peroxidative effects of both roots appeared to be most strong in brain and least in liver. In particular, the cultivating root exhibited a significant inhibition on brain lipid peroxidation. 5. The cultivating root contained 15 amino acids including five essential amino acids in contrast with the less contents in the wilding root.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1994

The role of sex homones in hepatic lipid peroxidation, and in hepatic adehyde odidase and xanthine oxidase activites were investigated using rat liver homogenates. It was observed that male rt had a significantly greater content of malondialdehyde in liver than female. Among the sex hormones tested, estradiol, one of female hormones, markedly inhibited the formation of lipid peroxides in liver tissues in vitro. Especially, the inhibitory effect of estradiol appeared more remarkably in Fe-induced lipid peroxidation. The hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was decreased about 15% by $10\;^6\;M$ estradiol, wherease, the adehyde oxidase activity was almost completely disappeared at the same concentration of estradiol. It implies that sex differences in lipid peroxidation is attributed to the suppression of radical generating system by estradiol.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.129-142
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effects of the extract of Scolopendra subspinipes which has been used mainly for detoxication in the oriental medicine and reported to have sedative action, antiinflammatory effect, antihypertensive property and immunity enhancing activity. Method: Inhibitory activities on oxygen radical generating enzymes (aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase) and increasing activities on oxygen radical scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase) were investigated. Furthermore, the content of glutathione in the mouse brain, DPPH radical scavenging activity and also anti-lipid peroxidative effects in vivo and in vitro were estimated. Results: The extract showed weak inhibitory effects on the activities of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase which are oxygen radical generating enzymes. The extract inhibited lipid peroxidation with 26.1% against control group at 500 mg/kg in vivo and with 11.2% against control group at 10 mg/kg in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, which means this drug may protect radical-induced cell damages. The extract showed dose-dependently the scavenging effect on DPPH radical with 24.8% activity at 10 mg/ml in vitro. The extract enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase, which are oxygen radical scavenging enzymes, with 28.9%, 22.3% and 23.1%, respectively at 500mg/kg in vivo. Finally, this extract strongly increased the glutathione content in the mouse barin. Conclusion: Above results indicated that Scolopendra subspinipes can be useful for the protection or treatment of some diseases caused by reactive oxygen species.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.129-139
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• 2014

A. oryzae로 발효한 청미래덩굴(Smilax china L.)잎 발효차의 적정 발효기간을 확립하고자 비 발효(NF) 및 10, 20 및 30일간 발효(F10, F20, F30)시킨 차 1% 열수추출물(1 tea bag 기준)의 색상, 관능검사 및 total polyphenol(TP), total flavonoid(TF), 전자공여능(EDA), 철환원력(FRAP), 과산화물 생성 억제능(LPOIA)을 조사하였다. 또, 체내 활성산소(ROS) 생성계 효소인 동시에 요통과 음주로 인한 간손상유도 및 이로 인한 복부비만에 직간접적으로 관여하는 xanthine oxidase(XO) 및 aldehyde oxidae(AO)의 저해활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 색상과 spectrum(400~700nm)의 변화를 조사한 결과, NF는 연한 황색을 띠는 반면 F10∼F30에서는 엷은 적색을 띠었으며 F10의 색상이 가장 선명하였다. 향(aroma)과 밝기(brightness)에 대한 기호도는 비발효차와 발효차간의 유의차를 보이지 않았으나 맛(taste)과 입에 닿는 감각(mouth feel) 및 종합적인 기호도(overall acceptability)는 F10, F20 및 F30 간의 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않아 발효 10일이 이상적인 발효기간이라 사료된다. TP 함량은 NF에서 41.55 mg/g(dry basis)이었으나 발효에 따라 거의 비례적으로 감소하였으며 그 감소율은 발효 10일째 24.91%, 20일째 56.92%, 30일째 64.41%를 나타내었다. TF의 함량은 NF에서 27.33 mg을 나타내었으나 발효에 점차적으로 감소하여 F10 24.30 mg/g, F20 17.32 mg/g, F30 13.22 mg/g으로 감소하였다. 그러나 TP의 감소율이 TF의 경우에 비하여 커서 TF/TP 비율(%)은 발효에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. EDA는 NF에서는 29.01%이었으나 F10에서는 NF에 비하여 17.14%가 감소하였으며, F20 및 F30에서는 각각 18.79% 및 23.20%가 감소하였다. FRAP(${\mu}M$ $Fe^{2+}$)는 NF 4.63, F10 4.30, F20 및 F30에서는 각각 3.77 및 3.47로 발효에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. LPOIA는 NF에서는 39.86%이었으나 F10의 경우는 31.92%로 NF에 비하여 19.92%가 감소하였고 F20 및 F30는 NF에 비하여 각각 23.61% 및 28.38%가 감소하였다. NF 및 F10∼30의 1% 열수추출액이 생유 및 토끼 간 조직으로부터 부분정제한 XO와 AO의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, XO활성에는 비발효, 발효 모두에서 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 AO의 활성은 비발효, 발효 관계없이 38.09∼41.70%범위로 억제하였으며, 이러한 억제는 경쟁적 저해현상에 기인되어 나타난 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of non-fermented (CAC) and Monascus pilosus-fermented Columbia arabica coffee (FCAC), as well as Luwak coffee (LC) beans. The results indicated that total polyphenols content (mg/g of dry basis) was highest in CAC (70.69), followed by LC (62.07), and FCAC (41.38). However, the ratio of total flavonoids/polyphenols in FCAC was the highest. In terms of electron donating ability (%, coffee mg/mL), CAC was significantly higher than LC and FCAC. Regardless of fermentation, ferric reducing antioxidant powers were similar in CAC and FCAC and lowest in LC. LC also had the highest inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase (XO). However FAAC had the highest inhibitory activity against aldehyde oxidase (AO), with nearly three times the levels found in CAC and LC. According to the above results, FCAC had a higher ratio of flavonoids/polyphenols and iron chelating activity than CAC. FCAC also had the highest AO inhibitory activity among the three experimental coffee beans. The results suggest that further studies are required to evaluate the bioactive components of various coffee beans so as to determine the potential benefits that coffee may have on preventing oxidative stress-related conditions.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1996

The methanolic extracts of some marine natural products were tested for investigating the effects on the formation of lipid peroxide and the activities of free radical generating enzymes. The methanolic extracts of Styela clava, Ecklonia stolonifera, Pachymeniopsis elliptica and Hypnea charoides which decreased the formation of lipid peroxide inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase about 41, 20, 20 and 21% by adding $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ of each methanolic extracts, respectively. However, the four extracts didn't inhibit the activity of aldehyde oxidase.