• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2014

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the apatite-formation abilities of low-modulus Ti-7.5Mo substrates treated with NaOH aqueous solutions and subsequent ethyl alcohol aging before soaking them in simulated body fluid. Specimens of Ti-7.5Mo were initially treated with 5 M NaOH at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, resulting in the formation of a porous network structure composed of sodium hydrogen titanate. Afterwards, the specimens were aged in ethyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 or 10 min, and subsequently immersed in simulated body fluid at $37^{\circ}C$ for 3, 7 and 14 days. Ethyl alcohol aging significantly increased the apatite-forming abilities of Ti-7.5Mo. The amount of apatite deposited on the Ti-7.5Mo after NaOH treatment and subsequent ethyl alcohol aging was much greater, especially after the Ti-7.5Mo specimens were aged for 5 min. Due to its excellent combination of bioactivity, low elastic modulus and low processing costs, the Ti-7.5Mo treated with NaOH aqueous solutions and subsequently aged in ethyl alcohol has promising heavy load-bearing applications.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2000

In modern society, the amount of alcohol ingestion is increasing at a dangerous level, especially among women. One of reason for increased alcohol consumption is stress caused by social pressures. Alcohol is a kind of depressant of centric nervous system, so it can induce relaxation of body and decrease the stress. The evidence on the effects of alcohol on the fetus is somewhat hazy, whereas that of smoking is quite clear. The literature on the ingestion of alcohol strongly suggests that drinking during pregnancy is associated with teratogenic effect and low birth weight. Therefore, the adverse effect of alcohol ingestion during pregnancy must be informed to public. More remarkable warning sign about alcohol ingestion must be attached on the top of bottles. This can be an effective measure for public education. Also legal sanction or tax imposition for the production of liquor be required. First of all, drinking habit or drinking culture must be changed. In fact, the strongest motivation of drinking in adolescent is a peer pressure which is related to drinking habit or culture. Secondly, early detection and treatment must be required to prevent from fetal alcohol syndrome. Accordingly, drinking history of pregnant women must be assessed as early as possible and health professional should give a warning about the abstinence of alcohol to drinking women. Thirdly, to minimize the adverse effects for mother, withdrawal syndrome by alcohol ingestion must be treated. to correct the malformation by fetal alcohol syndrome(FAS) can be corrected. Sometimes surgical intervention may be required for this purpose.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2021

We have previously reported that Acer tegmentosum extract, which is traditionally used in Korea to reduce alcohol-related liver injury, suppresses liver inflammation caused by excessive alcohol consumption and might improve metabolism. The active ingredient, 6-O-galloylsalidroside (GAL), was isolated from A. tegmentosum, and we hypothesized that GAL could provide desirable pharmacological benefits by ameliorating physiological conditions caused by alcohol abuse. Therefore, this study focused on whether GAL could ameliorate alcoholic fat accumulation and repair liver injury in mice. During chronic alcohol consumption plus binge feeding in mice, GAL was administered orally once per day for 11 days. Intrahepatic lipid accumulation was measured in vivo using a noninvasive method, ¹H magnetic resonance imaging, and confirmed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured using a Konelab system, and the triglyceride content was measured in liver homogenates using an enzymatic peroxide assay. The results suggested that GAL alleviated alcohol-induced steatosis,e as indicated by decreased hepatic and serum triglyceride levels in ethanol-fed mice. GAL treatment also correlated with a decrease in the Cd36 mRNA expression, thus potentially inhibiting the development of alcoholic steatosis via the hepatic de novo lipogenesis pathway. Furthermore, treatment with GAL inhibited the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 and attenuated hepatocellular damage, as reflected by a reduction in ALT and AST levels. These findings suggest that GAL extracted from A. tegmentosum has the potential to serve as a bioactive agent for the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver and liver damage.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.565-569
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• 2002

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of preservatives (alcohol, adipic acid) and heat treatment $(40^{\circ}C,\;60^{\circ}C)$ for the prolongation of shelf-life on low-salt Kimchi. Low-salt Kimchi was prepared with salt replacements (NaCl 50%, KCl 36%, $MgSO_4$ 10%, $CaSO_4$ 3%, glutamic acid 0.2%). Chemical characteristics and microbiological parameters were monitored during fermentation at $20^{\circ}C$. When three kinds of preservative which were alcohol 2.0%, adipic acid 0.1% and their mixture were added to low-salt Kimchi, shelf-life of them were prolonged. To extend the shelf-life of low-salt Kimchi, when the heat treatment at $40^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ were tried, heat treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ was superior than at $40^{\circ}C$. In sensory evaluation of low-salt Kimchi, the control was showed the best quality in the overall acceptability. And low-salt Kimchi treated at $40^{\circ}C$ showed the most similar characteristics to the control Kimchi.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2004

The effect of treatment with Citrus junos fractions (citron 3W, citron 3H, citron 4W and citron 4H) upon rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol was investigated. We compared the serum biochemistry of rats administered both alcohol and Citrus junos fractions to control rats treated with alcohol alone. The effects of Alanine amino transferase (ALT) were significantly lower in the citron 3H extract group compared with the negative control group (p<0.05) and other experimental groups were not significantly low but a little low compared to negative control group. The levels of triglyceride (TG) were significantly low in all experimental groups compared with negative control group. Especially triglyceride level of citron 3H was lowest near to normal control group. The concentration of total cholesterol was significantly high in negative groups compared with normal control group but in all experimental groups, the concentration of total cholesterol was similar to that of negative control group. Total cholesterol of the citron 4W group was somewhat low compared with negative control group. In contrast, activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were significantly higher in all experimental groups compared with the negative control (p<0.05) group. These data suggest that Citrus junos fractions may represents an excellent candidate for protection of rat hepatocytes from alcohol-mediated damage.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.186-198
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• 2000

Objectives : This experiment was conducted to verify the effects of some oriental herbs(Alny Cortex et Ramulus, Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, Aurantii Nobilis Pericarpium, Giseng Radix, Hoveniae Semen, Puerariae Flos, Puerariae Radix, and Xanthii Fructus) which have been used in the treatment of alcoholic diseases, on alcoholic metabolism, and on alcoholic liver damage. Methods : The effects of the herbs on the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were evaluated and their protective effects of liver function and cells from alcoholic damage were analysed. For the evaluation of the protective effects, the levels of glucose, triglyceride, BUN, AST, and ALT in serum of rats were measured. Results and Conclusions : It is concluded that Puerariae Radix interferes with the ADH activity directly, thereby reducing the toxicity of alcohol, resulting in enhancing alcohol-tolerance and protecting liver functions. Also Artemisiae Capillaris Herba interferes both ADH and ALDH activities. Isolation of the biologically active compounds from Puerariae Radix and its detailed characterization are matters for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1994

The present stduy was undertaken to investigate the possible effect of Puffer fish skin extract (Pf) on the heptic acetaldehyde metabolism . It was obsrved that PF markedly decreased the acetaldehyde levels in blood and liver. The activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald DH) increased by induction of acute intoxicatiion of alcohol (5 g/kg) was further increased through pretreatment with PF for 2 weeks. When PF was given to rat fed with 25% alcohol solution instead of water for 6 weeks. the activity of Ald DH in mitochondrial fraction decreased to about 28% compared with sucrose-treated group. But after pretreatemnt of PF, the activity was restored to the normal level. By the treatment with disulfiram (300 mg/kg, once a day for 3days) was restored to the control after the pretreatment with PF. And also mitochondrial Ald DH activity in vitro was not changed. All these observations suggest that reduction of acetaldehyde levels are partly due to increase activity of mitochondrial Ald DH. Therefore, the recovery from intoxication of acetaldehyde may be enhanced by treatment with PF.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.180-184
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop the best methods to sterilize Moutan Root Bark which is frequently used as a herbal medicine, and known to have high susceptibility to m icrobial contamination. We used dry heat, gamma irradiation and alcohol gas treatment for sterilization, and evaluated these methods in terms of the followings; I) the efficacy of sterilization, and ii) the chemical alteration of a major component of the harbal medicines. Treatment with dry heat effectively got rid of contaminated microorganisms, and did not significantly alter the content of paeonol. However it seriously changed the color and morphology which are an essential criterion to estimate a measure of quality of medicinal herbs. Treatment with gamma irradiation showed a strong sterilizing effect, and no alteration of the content of paeonol, color and morphology. Alcohol gas treatment resulted in similar effects as those in gamma irradiation. Collectively, these results suggest that appropriate sterilizing methods to guarantee the microbial quality of this herbal medicine may be those using gamma irradiation or alcohol gas.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-108
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• 1977

The changes of the contents of acetaldheyde and alcohol in Chungdo Bansi was determined during the removal of astringency by treatment of $CO_2$. On the other hand, the difference of acetaldehyde and alcohol contents were determined to comparedits contents in the part of Chungdo Bansi and Buju, respectively. It showed that the variation of acetaldehyde and alchohol contents was higher 10 times non-astringent persimmon than astringent one, and acetaldehyde and alcohol contents in the core of non-astringent persimmon and sweep one were the higher than the other parts. It was assumed that acetaldehyde and ethanol contents had intimately relation to removal of astringency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.318-323
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• 2004

This study has been carried out to investigate the effect of the beverage contained Radix puerariae (15%) and Bambusae caules in Liquamen Phyllostachyos (1%) on the alcohol administered mouse. The control group was treated with alcohol (40% alcohol, 8.0 mL/kg of body weight), experimental group 1 (Exp.1) was administered with beverage (8.0 mL/kg of body weight) before alcohol treatment, and experimental group 2 (Exp.2) was administered with beverage after alcohol treatment. Blood alcohol concentrations were decreased by 11% (in Exp. 1) and 17% (in Exp. 2) compared with control group. The concentrations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were slightly increased in Exp. 1 and Exp.2, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were not changed compared with control group. Mn-Superoxide dismutase activity was increased by about 70% in the experimental groups in comparison to control group. The Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 contained more periodic-acid Schiff (PAS)-positive materials than the control group. Electron microscopical observations showed that, cell organelles of hepatocytes were more disoriented in the control group than in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2. These results suggest that the beverage contained Radix puerariae and Bambusae caules in Liquamen Fhyllostachyos is a safe and effective therapeutic agent for alcohol abuse.