• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.11
• /
• pp.550-561
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the short term effects of early intervention on alcohol knowledge, alcohol expectancies, drinking refusal self-efficacy for alcoholism prevention in adults and to examine its applicability in the field. This study was a non-equivalent control group pre-post quasi-experimental design. The participants were currently working, and were 12-25 points on result of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test(AUDIT). The participants were a total of 25 men: 13 in the intervention group and 12 in the control group. The intervention group participated in early intervention program once a week for 4 weeks and the control group received only a booklet of alcohol related information. A chi-square test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. The intervention group had significantly higher the alcohol knowledge(t=1.258, p= .002), the negative alcohol expectancies(t=-1.346, p= .042), and the drinking refusal self-efficacy(t=2.817, p= .010) than the control group. In the future, it is need to apply the criteria of problem drinkers considering cultural characteristics, recruitment of participants, and motivational enhancement intervention using motivational interviewing. Especially, web-based alcohol related information providing program will help raise awareness of problem drinking. Early intervention program needs to be applied in community settings where problem drinkers are easily accessible.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate effects of increased breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) which is the standard measurement of alcohol consumption in sobriety test under current laws on visual acuity and values of objective refraction. Methods: For twenty three males in 20s (average age $21.17{\pm}2.19$ years, body mass index (BMI) $22.09{\pm}2.16$) were selected. Distance and near visual test was performed at BrAC of 0%, 0.05% and 0.08%, and objective refraction with open-field auto-refractometer was also performed at different BrAC. Results: As breath alcohol concentration is increased, distance visual acuity was decreased, which was statistically significant, but near visual acuity was not changed. Also, values of objective refraction tended to be increased towards minus as breath alcohol concentration is increased. Conclusions: As breath alcohol concentration is increased, corrected visual acuity is decreased and refractive power is towards minus, it is necessary that visual acuity test and refraction measurement should be conducted under sober condition.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 1996

Alcohol is a major risk factor for several diseases and especially excessive, long-term alcohol consumption are caues the damage of immunity such as the inhibiton of secretion of lymphokine and proliferation of immune component cell. This study observed that the inhibition of T lymphocytic differentiation and secretion of interleukin 2(IL-2) induced in thymus of ICR mouse by chronic alcohol administration. After 8% alcohol voluntary administered for 120 days, the thymic tissue immunohistochemically stained by following ABC method that used monoclonal antibody including L3T4(CD4), Ly-2(CD8), and IL-2 receptor(CD25R) after embedding with paraffin. The results were as follows. 1. The size of thymic medulla in test group reduced than control group. 2. The number of helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and IL-2 receptor were decreased in thymic medulla and cortico-medullary junction of test group and the degree of CD4, CD8, and CD25R positive reaction were soften in test group. These results indicated that the secretion of IL-2 in thymus was inhibited by chronic alcohol administration and subsequently prevent to differentiate from thymocytes to T lymphocytes. As this view, cell mediated immunity were reduced by chronic alcohol administration.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2022

Drunk driving defines a driver as unable to drive a vehicle safely due to drinking. To crack down on drunk driving, alcohol concentration evaluates through breathing and crack down on drinking using S-shaped courses. A method for assessing drunk driving without using BAC or BrAC is measurement via biosignal. Depending on the individual specificity of drinking, alcohol evaluation studies through various biosignals need to be conducted. In this study, we measure biosignals that are related to alcohol concentration, predict BrAC through SVM, and verify the effectiveness of the S-shaped course. Participants were 8 men who have a driving license. Subjects conducted a d2 test and a scenario evaluation of driving an S-shaped course when they attained BrAC's certain criteria. We utilized SVR to predict BrAC via biosignals. Statistical analysis used a one-way Anova test. Depending on the amount of drinking, there was a tendency to increase pupil size, HR, normLF, skin conductivity, body temperature, SE, and speed, while normHF tended to decrease. There was no apparent change in the respiratory rate and TN-E. The result of the D2 test tended to increase from 0.03% and decrease from 0.08%. Measured biosignals have enabled BrAC predictions using SVR models to obtain high Figs in primary and secondary cross-validations. In this study, we were able to predict BrAC through changes in biosignals and SVMs depending on alcohol concentration and verified the effectiveness of the S-shaped course drinking control method.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.59-62
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the time-dependent changes of visual acuity after alcohol ingestion. Methods: Both the subjective and objective refraction, distant contrast sensitivity, and three needle tests were carried out at 1 and 3 hours after alcohol ingestion. Results: It was found that the degree of myoptization increased as the blood alcohol level increased in the range of average -0.25D ~ -0.35D when tested 1 and 3 hours after alcohol ingestion. Under the same test conditions the increase in blood alcohol resulted in the reduction in the function of dynamic stereopsis. However, the variation in contrast sensitivity was found to be insignificant for all spatial frequencies. Conclusions: The optician has to be well aware of the fact that alcohol could affect the visual acuity and functional tests, therefore inquiring of the alcohol ingestion prior to visual test can be necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.16
• /
• pp.6571-6574
• /
• 2014

Background: Alcohol is well established as a risk factor for cancer development in many organ sites. To assess the reliability and validity of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) for detecting alcohol use disorders or risky drinking in Japanese adults the present study was conducted. Materials and Methods: A test-retest method was applied with a 2-week interval with 113 health care employees. The k coefficient, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were determined and the validity of the AUDIT-C was analyzed using the data from a nationwide survey on adult alcohol use conducted in 2008 (n=4,123). Results: The reliability of the AUDIT-C score was high (${\kappa}$ coefficient=0.63, Cronbach's alpha=0.98, correlation coefficient=0.95, and ICC=0.95). According to the likelihood ratio and Youden index, appropriate cutoffs for the AUDIT-C were ${\geq}5points$ in men and ${\geq}4$ points in women. The sensitivity and specificity of these cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}8$ points on the AUDIT were 0.88 and 0.80, respectively, for men (positive likelihood ratio [LR+]=4.5) and 0.96 and 0.87, respectively, for women (LR+=7.7). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}12$ points on the AUDIT were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively, for men (LR+=5.8) and 0.93 and 0.94, respectively, for women (LR+=15.8). The sensitivity and specificity of the cutoffs for identifying ${\geq}16$ points on the AUDIT were 0.93 and 0.80, respectively, for men (LR+=4.7) and 0.92 and 0.98, respectively, for women (LR+=55.6). With higher scores on the AUDIT, the specificity decreased and false-positives increased. The appropriate cutoffs for identifying risky drinking were the same for both genders. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the AUDIT-C are high, indicating that it is useful for identifying alcohol use disorders or risky drinking among the general population in Japan, a group at high risk of cancer development.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.363-371
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess alcohol and caffeine intake and identify the impact of alcohol and caffeine intake on body mass index, alcohol use disorder, and quality of sleep among university students. Methods: This study design was accomplished with a cross sectional survey and conducted from May to June 2014. One hundred and twenty-four freshmen of E university in S city, Korea were selected and evaluated by self-administered questionnaires. Alcohol and caffeine intake were measured by self-reported recall. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: The average amount of alcohol intake was $175.02{\pm}219.97g$ and the proportion of freshmen who took in more than 40 g per day of alcohol was 75%. The average amount of caffeine intake was $116.79{\pm}111.14mg$. Factors influencing alcohol use disorder were dwelling type (t=2.25, p=.027) and alcohol intake (t=8.11, p<.001). And, the factor influencing quality of sleep was caffeine intake (t=3.88, p<.001). Conclusion: In order to reduce the harmful drinking of university students, preventive activities for freshmen are required and efforts on the part of the school needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to examine alcohol consumption rates and the perception of drinking cultures among college students in the Wonju area. An examination of factors such as frequency of drinking, average quantity consumed, and frequency of heavy drinking suggested that the drinking rates were relatively high. Over 70% of subjects drank at least once a week, 66.2% typically drank more than 5 servings at a time, and 19.2% of males and 13.0% of females were heavy drinkers. It was revealed from an AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) assessment that 71.3% of the subjects tested had various levels of alcohol-related problems. These problems were more severe in subjects that were male, selfboarding, or overweight. Alcohol related knowledge was not high because the subjects didn't know or incorrectly recognized some contents such as blood alcohol concentration, the energy content of alcohol, and the empty caloric characteristics of alcohol. Generally male, self-boarding, and overweight persons were not critical of the undesirable characteristics associated with drinking culture. Two opinions that were generally considered to be permissible were: 'Men should be able to drink' and 'Drinking is essential for a smooth human relationship'.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2009

Purpose: In this study, the effects of an alcohol education program for elderly persons with drinking problems and the effects of knowledge of the behavior associated with alcohol use by elderly individuals with drinking problems were evaluated. Method: A single-group repeated study was conducted to evaluate 19 elderly individuals with drinking problems who used the G-city Elderly Welfare Center, with more than eight points in AUDIT results. The changes in drinking knowledge and alcohol behavior following an alcohol education program were evaluated. The effectiveness of the program was analyzed by a Wilcoxon signed rank test. and the relationship between drinking knowledge and changes in alcohol behavior was measured by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: The results indicated that drinking knowledge after conducting education increased significantly(Z=-3.826, p<.001), and that this increased knowledge resulted in significant changes in alcohol behavior(Z=-3.830, p<.001). There was a significantly positive relationship between drinking knowledge and changes in alcohol behavior(r=.464, p=0.013). Conclusion: Alcohol education programs effectively educate the elderly with drinking problems regarding alcohol, which influences their alcohol behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.690-700
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy and factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy by drinking levels. Methods: Utilizing a comparative descriptive design, a total of 359 female college students were recruited. Measurements were Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables related awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy, Korean Version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, knowledge about alcohol use during pregnancy, and socio-demographic factors. Main variables were compared by drinking levels. The factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were identified using hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Non-problematic alcohol behavior group (n=185) had higher the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy than problematic alcohol behavior group (n=174) (t=3.13, p=.002). The significant TPB variables influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were that attitudes (β =-.44, p<.001), subjective norms (β =.14, p=.026), and perceived behavior control (β =.19, p=.002) in non-problematic alcohol behavior group, whereas the corresponding variables in the problematic alcohol behavior group were attitudes (β =-.51, p<.001) and subjective norms (β =.21, p=.006). Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy for the female college students having problematic alcohol behavior. The following strategies are recommended for them; decreasing acceptable attitudes toward alcohol use during pregnancy and reinforcing the influence of social pressure toward to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.