• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 1986

To investigate the stability of ginseng saponin, various physical and chemical treatments for red ginseng alcohol extract (70% ethyl alcohol) were carried out, and then the variations of ginseng saponin in extract were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Irradiation of ${\gamma}$-ray, and ultraviolet ray, sonocatalysis by ultrasonicator, treatment of electronic range, catalytic ozonation did not or slightly affect degradation of ginseng saponins, but they were degraded by heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.1317-1324
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• 2014

The immune system protects the body against harmful substances and infectious agents. Normally, the body can maintain a state of immune homeostasis. However, failure of immune homeostasis results in severe diseases when the immune system is defective. We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Curcuma longa L. extract in LP-BM5 MuLV (murine leukemia viruses)-induced murine AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Mice were divided into six groups: normal control, infected control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection), positive control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of red ginseng 200 mg/kg), CL50 (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract 50 mg/kg), CL200 (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract 200 mg/kg), and CL500 (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract 500 mg/kg). We found that dietary supplementation with Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract inhibited elevation of spleen, lymph node, and liver weights as well as reduction of T- and B-cell proliferation and natural killer cell activity induced by LP-BM5 MuLV infection. Moreover, Curcuma longa L. 20% alcohol extract inhibited Th1 (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$)/Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine imbalance and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion, these data suggest that Curcuma longa L. has immunomodulatory effects in LP-BM5 MuLV-induced murine AIDS.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.699-709
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• 2023

This study is to establish optimizing condition of alcohol fermentation in vinegar production with aronia, to confirm whether this can be industrially used, and to compare and analyze a change in anti-oxidative activity and quality characteristic according to alcohol fermentation of aronia. The optimized conditions for alcohol fermentation were as follows: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5645 of yeast strain, a 5% inoculum size, aronia juice with a brix value of 14, and a glucose content of 7%. As a result to conduct scale up with optimizing conditions of alcohol fermentation of aronia, 8 days (192 hrs) of total alcohol fermentation time and 7.4% of the final alcohol content. The harvest volume accounted for approximately 90.2% with a loss of about 2.8%. As a result of antioxidant test, anti-oxidative activity of alcohol fermented liquor is lower than anti-oxidative activity of aronia extract, because of the decrease of antioxidant by oxidation of the fermentation process. However, the decrease of tannin by the fermentation process reduces acerbity of aronia, so increases overall preference

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2002

The effects of Pueraria flos (PF) and Pueraria radix (PR) water extract on the hepatic alcohol metabolic enzyme activities were examined in rats that were orally administered ethanol (25% v/v, 5g/kg body weight/day) for 5 weeks. The PF and PR water extract were supplemented in a diet, based on 1.2 g or 2.4 g of raw PF or PR/kg body weight/body. Alcohol administration without the PF or PR supplementation significantly decreased net weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio. However. both dose of the PF of PR supplementation resulted in significant enhancement of growth and suppression of increased relative weight of liver, brain and heart by alcohol administration. Activities of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system were higher in the alcohol treated group than in the normal group, while aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was significantly lowered in the alcohol treated group. The hepatic metabolic enzyme activities altered by alcohol administration were normalized by both doses of PF or PR supplement. Hepatic monoamine oxidase activity and hydrogen peroxide, which were significantly higher in the alcohol treated group than in the normal group, were also decreased by the supplementation with either PF or PR. These results indicate that low-or high-supplementation of either water extract PF or PR may alleviate ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by altering alcohol metabolic enzyme activities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of beverages containing fermented Akebia quinata extracts on alcoholic hangover. For this study, 25 healthy young men were recruited. All participants consumed 100 mL of water (placebo), commercial hangover beverage A or B, fermented A. quinata leaf (AQL) or fruit (AQF) extract before alcohol consumption. After 1 h, all participants consumed a bottle of Soju, Korean distilled liquor (360 mL), containing 20% alcohol. Blood was collected at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, and 5 h after alcohol consumption. The plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was highest in the placebo group. Compared with the control group, the AQL and AQF groups showed decreased ALT activity at 5 h after alcohol consumption. Plasma ethanol concentration was increased after alcohol intake and peaked at 3 h after alcohol consumption. Compared with the control group, the A group showed a higher plasma ethanol concentration at 1 h (P<0.05). At 3 h after alcohol consumption, the AQF group showed the lowest mean plasma ethanol concentration compared to the other groups; however, there were no statistical differences. After 5 h of alcohol consumption, the AQL and AQF groups showed lower plasma ethanol concentrations compared with the B group. The sensory evaluation score for the fermented A. quinata fruit extract was lower than for the commercial hangover beverages. In conclusion, the present intervention study results suggest that fermented A. quinata extracts alleviate alcoholic hangover and reduce plasma ethanol concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.563-570
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• 2021

The fruit stalk of Hovenia dulcis (H.dulcis) is traditionally used to relieve hangovers in Korea. Theracurmin is a highly absorbable curcumin preparation which increases the bioavailability of curcumin. Curcumin is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of this combination in lowering alcohol levels in the body, thereby alleviating the severity of alcohol-induced hangover has not been investigated. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the eliminatory effects of a health drink containing the extract of the H. dulcis fruit stalk and theracurmin (theracurmin drink) on ethanol-induced hangover in rats. The theracurmin drink delivered orally to rats 30 mins before the administration of 40% ethanol (5 g/kg body weight), lowered the concentration of ethanol and acetaldehyde in the blood samples collected 1, 3, and 5 h after ethanol administration. Furthermore, the theracurmin drink increased the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. The effectiveness of the theracurmin drink was thus superior to that of other health drink products, suggesting that its consumption may alleviate or prevent an alcohol-induced hangover.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2023

The effectiveness of the extracts of Alnus japonica and Portulaca oleracea, which are effective in improving alcohol-induced liver damage, was confirmed using acute and chronic alcoholic liver injury animal models. In the acute alcoholic liver injury model, dieting Alnus japonica and Portulaca oleracea complex (ALPOC) at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed no significant change in liver or body weight, while measured plasma ALT activity to be deficient (28.12 U/ml) compared to the alcohol intake group (42.5 U/ml), and confirmed that restored it to an average level. It showed an improvement of 34.9% compared to the alcohol intake group. AST activity confirmed that it showed a very effective liver protection activity by showing a gain of 12.6%. The chronic alcoholic liver damage animal model demonstrated that ALT showed an improvement effect of 25%, and AST showed an effect similar to that of the positive control group, Hovenia extract. In addition, through H&E staining analysis, observed that the ALPOC improved the necrosis and bleeding of the liver. And the ALPOC group showed intense antioxidant activity of 127% or more compared to the alcohol intake group, and this was confirmed to have a very high activity, which is more than 20% higher than that of the hovenia fruit extract.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1992

This study was divised to observe the inhibitory effect of growth rate of human colon cancer cells by Eucommial leaf extract, in vitro. Three species of human colon cancer cells, HRT-18, HCT-48 and HT-29, were used for the experiment. Each extract of Eucommial leaf was prepared by extraction with water, 95% alcohol, acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether, and then the inhibitory effect of each extract on the growth rate of cells was compared with control group and each other. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Inhibitory effects on growth rate of human colon cancer fells were strongest in the petroleum ether extract and next in the chloroform extract. 2. Inhibitory effects on the growth rate of the cancer cells by extracts of water, 95% alcohol and acetone were weaker than that of petroleum ether and chloroform. 3. Inhibitory effect of each extract on the cancer cell growth was shown most strong activity in HT-29, and was in order of HRT 18 and HCT-48. In view of the results, it could be suggested that inhibitory effects of non-polar solvent's extracts against the cancer cell growth were more stronger than that of polar solvents and the effects were indicated difference according to the species of the cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.396-400
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• 2008

The effect of Paecilomyces tenuipes water extract (PTWE) on the alcohol metabolism was examined on rats. PTWE of 0, 30, 100 mg/kg body weight was administrated orally to the rats 30 min before oral treatment of 3 g/kg body weight of alcohol. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were measured 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9 hr after alcohol treatment. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ADH), microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) activities were measured 9 hr after alcohol treatment. There were no differences in blood alcohol concentrations and area under the curve (AUC) of alcohol. PTWE decreased acetaldehyde concentration and there were significant differences after 6 hr in 30 mg/kg PTWE and after 3 and 9 hr in 100 mg/kg PTWE, respectively. In particular, 100 mg/kg PTWE decreased AUC of acetaldehyde by 44%. However, there were no changes in the hepatic ADH, ALDH, and MEOS activities.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Hovenia dulcis extract on acute and chronic liver injuries induced by alcohol and $CCl_4$ in mice and rats. Methods : In acute alcohol-induced liver injury, mice were administered Hovenia dulcis extracts (60 and 200 mg/kg) orally before and after alcohol administration. In chronic alcohol-induced liver injury, mice were administered alcohol containing liquid diet for 4 weeks. The mice were administered H. dulcis extracts (60 and 200 mg/kg) mixed with the liquid diet. In acute $CCl_4$-induced liver injury, rats received a single dose of $CCl_4$ (2 mL/kg in olive oil, intraperitoneally). Rats were administered H. dulcis extracts (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) before and after $CCl_4$ administrations. After the ends of the administrations, the serum levels of AST and ALT were measured using chemical analyzer, and ${\gamma}$-GTP levels were measured using spectrophotometer. Results : In acute alcohol-induced liver injury, H. dulcis extracts treated group showed significant reduction in ALT levels compared to those of control group. In chronic alcohol-induced liver injury, it inhibited weight-loss compared to normal group and showed significant reduction in AST, ALT and ${\gamma}$-GTP levels compared to control group. In acute $CCl_4$-induced liver injury, it also showed significant reduction in AST, ALT levels compared to control group. Conclusions : The results show that H. dulcis extract has hepatoprotective effect in acute and chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and acute $CCl_4$-induced liver injury. These findings suggest that H. dulcis could be a potent hepatoprotective agent.