• 자원환경지질
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 1994

Petrochemical study on the micrographic granite distributed in the Wando area, the southernmost part of the Yeongdong-Kwangju depression is performed to investigate the petrogenesis and differentiation processes of the granitic magma. Polarized light microscopy for modal analyses, electron probe microanalyses of feldspars and biotite, inductively coupled plasma analyses for major and trace element contents were adopted in the study. The lithology of the study area consists of Precambrian metasediments, Mesozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and micrographic granite which intrude into the former. The micrographic granite in the Wando area are distributed in the shape of a cauldron. Modal and nonnative mineral analyses of the micrographic granite fall in the area of granite and granodiorite. The chemical composition indicates that the micrographic granite is I-type and magnetite series. The micrographic granite is characterized by more than 90% of micrographic texture in volume percent. Feldspars in the micrographic granite is alkali feldspars (Or, 45~93) and plagioclases (albite to oligoclase). The biotite has a intermediate composition between phlogopite and annite solid solution. The results of the petrochemical studies indicate that the granitic magma of calc-alkaline source materials reactivated in a compressional environment at the continental margin, and then was differentiated by fractional crystallization. The micrographic granite intruded into a shallow level of the crust (5~7 km) in the late Cretaceous.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2005

The bricks in Myung Dong Cathedral Church are now deteriorated by the weather such as temperature, humidity, and winds. Thus it is necessary to replace the old bricks to the restored bricks for the load bearing capacity as well as to prevent the penetrations of rains from outside. However the mortar composition is not well defined at this moment and there are literary about the mortar completions. Thus it is necessary to verify the mortar compactions between old bricks and results to bring the restoring the mortar for the replace of new bricks. The particles of mortar was collected from Myung Dong Cathedral Church and particle size was analyzed by the mortar and pestle and mechanicle floater. The X-ray diffraction and XRF of each particles are analyzed. The quartz and feldspar such as albite, kaolinite are observed in large particles(>1mm). However, the clicite was observed at lower than $43{\mu}m$ particles. In XRF analysis, the $SiO_2\;and\;K_2O$ are observed at large particles$(1mm-208{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles$(208-43{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles($208-43{\mu}m$). This is well coincide with XRD results. The optimum volume ratio of lime mortar would be 1: 2 ($CaO: SiO_2$).

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

국내 최초로 $ 31^{P}$NMR 및 XRD를 이용하여 월성원자력 발전소 인근의 해저 저질토에 대하여 퇴적물의 광물학적인 성분 분석 및 인의 존재형태에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 약 30 cm의 코아에 대한 연구결과, 광물종은 심도별로 변화가 없었으며 주 구성광물은 석영, 알바이트, 미사장석, 방해석과일라이트, 스멕타이트, 녹니석, 그리고 카올리나이트 등이 동정되었다. $^{31}$ P NMR 결과는 다른 외국의 해양 퇴적물에서 보고된 것과 같은 다양한 종의 인은 발견되지 않았으며, 단지 주로 orthophosphate-monoester와 함께 orthophosphate-diester로 판단되는 인이 아주 미량으로 같이 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌으며 광물종의 경우와 마찬가지로 심도별 인의 종의 변화가 거의 없음을 보여준다. 본 연구 지역의 인은 주로 해양 생물로부터 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 인의 존재형태는 본 지역의 시료들이 산화환경에 있었음을 지시하며 XRD의 실험결과와 더불어 유추할 수 있듯이 본 시료에 대하여 동일한 퇴적환경과 산화환경이 계속되어 왔거나, 아니면 다양한 환경에 있던 것들이 후의 외부적 교란에 의하여 서로 혼합되어 표면의 산화환경에 계속적인 노출이 있었음을 지시한다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1992

경남 밀양 일대의 화산암에는 열수변질대가 상당히 넓게 발달하고 있으며, 여러 개의 점토광상이 분포한다. 납석광상은 주로 안산암질 응회암에서 배태된다. 납석광석의 주구성광물은 엽납석과 딕카이트이며, 그외에 일라이트, 토수다이트, 듀모티에라이트, 석영 등의 규산염광물들이 소량 수반되며, 디이아스포아, 황철석, 웨이브라이트 등이 산출된다. 본 지역의 엽잡석은 단지 2M 다형만 산출된다. 엽납석은 약 750${\circ}C$에서 OH가 빠져나감에 따라서 $d_{001}$ 간격이 증간한다. 할로이사이트는 튜브형태로 나타난다. 웨이브라이트는 열수변질작용 말기의 낮은 온도에서 틈을 따라 침천된 것이다. 본 지역의 5개의 변질대로 구분되는데, 주광체로부터 멀어질수록 엽납석-딕카이트대, 실리카대, 일라이트대, 할로이사이트대, 녹니석-알바이트대로 대상분포를 보인다. 점토광물은 모암으로부터 Si와 알카리이온의 용탈에 의해서 형성되었다. 광물조합과 엽납석 다형 및 기존의 열역학적 자료를 밀양광산의 형성온도는 270∼350${\circ}C$ 내외인 것으로 추정된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.299-314
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• 1984

The Yeongdo Island in Busan City is a remnant of the latest Cretaceous volcano, and consists geologically of andesites, rhyolite tuff, pelitic and psammitic hornfelses, lapilli rhyodacite tuff of the Yucheon Group, felsite and felsite porphyry of the Bulgugsa intrusives, and Holocene sediments in ascending order. The hornfelses are bound to the Taejongdae Formation. The stratigraphic position of the Formation is determined definitely into the Yucheon Group, thus the geologic age is approximately the same with the volcanic rocks of the Group. The sediments had been thermally metamorphosed to make pelitic and psammitic hornfelses of the albite epidote hornfels facies by the effects of active hydrothermal circulation, vaporization, and hybridization of andesitic solution, or of basification of acidic intrusives. Thus, on occasion, those hornfelses are not used to be distinguished from the andesitic rocks in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula. The paleocurrent direction determined from several cross-beddings of the Taejongdae Formation is suggested to be from southwest to northeast. Orbicular rocks occur in hornfelsed rhyolite tuff, pelitic- and psammitic-hornfelses, and felsite porphyry at a lot of outcrops in the area of southwestern shoreline of the Yeongdo Island. Orbicules in rhyolite tuff and hornfels in the island might have originated from diffusion processes of metasomatic metamorphism carried out by hydrothermal solution rised from the intrusive adamellite which may be emplaced deeply under the Yeongdo volcanics. Those orbicules are due to metasomatic, secondary, and epigenetic origin. Proto-, multi-shelled, and multi-cored orbicules are described in the orbicular tuff. But multi-cored orbicules are not found in the orbicular fornfels. 250 tuff-orbicules numbered sporadically are in $20,000m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular tuff. About 60 hornfels-orbicules occurred sporadically are in $1,700m^2$ area of the locality of orbicular hornfels in the Taejongdae Formation. Orbicules in felsite porphyry might have originated by diffusion reaction between xenoliths and a quiescent zone in felsite porphyry magma. Those are of igneous, primary, and syngenetic origin.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.87-104
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• 1990

Foliated granites between Damyang and Jinan are subdivided into Daegang foliated granite, Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, Sunchang foliated granodiorite, Foliated two mica granite and Samori foliated granite by mineral and texture. From EPMA data of the foliated granites following results are achieved. Composition of plagioclase are correspond to andesine, oligoclase and albite in Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, Sunchang foliated granodiorite and other foliated granites, respectively. And amphiboles are calcic hornblende in Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite, and riebeckite in Daegang foliated granite. In differentiation index(D. I.) and Larsen index(L. I.), Daegang foliated granite, Foliated two mica granite and Samori foliated granite which belong to granite are 83.12-95.54 and 25.86-29.05 and Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite of diorite to granodiorite are 54.99-78.54(D. I.) and 6.48-21.01(L. I.). Harker and AMF diagrams plotted from foliated granites show that the granites are product of calc alkali rock series orignated from co-magma. Characteristic foliation of foliated granites fromed by ductile deformation at deep zone of dextral strike slip fault. Foliated granites are considered as a series of differentiated product of Triassic Igneous activity of Songrim disturbance. According to REE, (La/Lu) and Eu/Sm, Foliated hornblende biotite granodiorite and Sunchang foliated granodiorite are correspond to granodiorite, and other foliated granites are monzo-and syeno-granite. Foliated granites having 0.20-0.01 of Em/Sm ratio are plutons emplaced by the tectonic setting in continents and continental margin.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 1996

The Yucheon Bi deposits at Cheongha, Gyeongsangbugdo, is of a middle Paleogene (49 Ma) vein type, and is hosted in sandstone and shale of Banyawal formation in Cretaceous age. Based on mineral paragenesis, vein structure and mineral assemblages, two minera1ization stages were distinguished. The stage I consists of quartz with small amount of chlorite, pyrite, epidote, hal1oysite, vermiculite, serpentine and rutile associated with sericitization. The stage II is characterized by Bi minera1ization such as bismuthinite, Bi-Cu-Pb-S mineral, tetradymite, native gold, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, wolframite, rutile, hematite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena with alteration of sericite, chlorite, K-feldspar, albite and epidote. Fluid inclusion data indicate that fluid temperature and NaCl equivalent wt.% salinity range from 431 to $150^{\circ}C$ and from 19.2 to 0.18wt.% in the stage II. Evidence of boiling during the base-metal minera1ization indicates pressures 241 to 260 bars. Sulfur fugacity($-log\;f_{S2}$) deduced by mineral assemblages and compositions ranges from 5.1 to 5.7atm in early stage, from > 8.4 atm in middle stage and from 13.5 to 19.3 atm in late stage. It suggests that complex histories of progressive coo1ing, dilution and boiling were occurred by the mixing of the fluids. The ${\delta}^{34}S$, ${\delta}^{18}O$ and ${\delta}D$ data range from 2.5 to 3.9%, -0.5 to -4.1% and -29.7 to -47%, respectively. It indicated that hydrothermal fluids may be magmatic origin with boiling and mixing of meteoric water increasing paragenetic time.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2007

안동댐과 임하댐 유입수의 탁도 및 부유고형물의 농도변화는 서로 유사한 경향을 보이며, 강우강도에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 탁도 및 부유고형물의 농도는 임하댐유역이 안동댐 유역에 비해 높으며, 임하댐 유역에서는 반변천 유역이 용전천 유역보다 높게 나타난다. 강우로 인한 탁도 발생 후 시간에 따른 입도분포와 구성광물은 안동댐과 임하댐 모두 큰 차이가 나타나지 않는다. X-선회절분석 결과 탁도유발물질의 구성광물은 버미큘라이트, 일라이트, 카올리나이트, 석영, 사장석으로 안동댐과 임하댐의 광물 조성은 유사하지만 각 광물의 함량은 차이가 난다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2004

Au 내부 표준시편을 이용하여 일반 전자회절도형에서도 알바이트와 올리고클레이스의 격자 상수 값을 1% 이내의 오차범위로 얻었다. 자연산 올리고클레이스 시료의 전자회절도형 지도를 작성하였고, 11개 지점의 정대축 전자회절도형을 얻었다 이러한 작업은 삼사정계민 장석으로부터 신뢰성 있는 전자현미경 연구 결과를 얻기 위해서는 필수적인 과정이다. 장식의 {001} 벽개면과 TEM의 양측경사 시료지지대를 이용하면 장석의 구조/화학 분석에 필요한 다음과 같은 정보를 획득할 수 있다: 알칼리 장석은 [001] 방향에서 ＊ 값을, [100] 방향에서 $\alpha$＊ 값을 측정하여 $\alpha$＊ - ＊ plot을 함으로써 미세 영역에서 Si-Al ordering 상태 및 화학 조성을 예측할 수 있다. Na-rich한 사장석은 [001] 방향에서 ＊ 값을 측정하여 Si-Al ordering 상태를 예측할 수 있다. Na-poor한 사장석은 [100] 방향에서 e-reflection의 유무, 회절강도 및 위치 변화를 측정하여 구조 및 화학을 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.934-944
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• 2007

Fine suspended solids (SS) induced into a reservoir after flood events play important ecological and water quality roles by presenting persistent turbidity and attenuating light. Thus the origin and physical features must be characterized to understand their transport processes and associated impacts, and for the establishment of watershed based prevention strategies. This study was aimed to characterize the physical properties of the SS sampled from Daecheong Reservoir and its upstream rivers during flood events. Extensive field and laboratory experiments were carried out to identify the turbidity-SS relationships, particle size distributions, settling velocity, and mineral compositions of the SS. Results showed that the turbidity-SS relationships are site-specific depending on the locations and flood events in the system. The turbidity measured within the reservoir was much greater than that measured in the upstream rivers for the same SS value. The effective diameters ($D_{50}$) in the rivers were in the range of $13.3{\sim}54.3{\mu}m$, while those in the reservoir were reduced to $2.5{\sim}14.0{\mu}m$ due to a fast settling of large particles in the rivers. The major minerals consisting of the SS were found to be Illite, Muscovite, Albite, and Quartz both in the rivers and reservoir. Their apparent settling velocities at various locations in the reservoir were in the range of 0.06~0.13 m/day. The research outcome provides a fundamental information for the fine suspended particles that cause persistent turbidity in the reservoir, and can be used as basic parameters for modeling study to search watershed based optimal control measures.