• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2003

Purpose : The objective of this study was the development and validation of a scale to measure the self-care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in Korea. Method: Self-care scale was developed based on the self-care activities patients had to carry out in order to manage their COPD. The original scale contained 34 items rated along a five-point Likert scale and was reviewed by 18 professional nurses and 10 Korean patients with COPD for content validity. Subsequently, patients with COPD were asked to complete this 23-item scale and further tests were done with the 125 useable responses. Result: Factor analysis identified eight factors-'maintaining a clean air way', 'taking medication', 'support from family', 'preventing infection', 'managing symptoms', 'breathing exercising', and 'taking in nutrition'. The internal consistency of the total scale was Cronbach's α=0.7226. These eight factors explained 60.8% of total variance. There was correlation among Korean Self-Care Scale score, administration level, and knowledge level but there was no correlation to patients' satisfaction with medical services. Conclusion: The 23 item questionnaire positively identified 8 areas defined important for COPD patients. Further studies are required to see how these can be integrated into patient education.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.180-185
• /
• 2015

Low-cost ceramic membrane supports with pore sizes in the range of $0.52-0.62{\mu}m$ were successfully prepared by uniaxial dry compaction method using inexpensive raw materials including kaolin, bentonite, talc, sodium borate, and alkaline-earth oxides in carbonate forms (e.g., $MgCO_3$, $CaCO_3$, and $SrCO_3$). The prepared green supports were sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr in air. The effect of alkaline-earth oxide additives on the flexural strength of clay-based membrane supports was investigated. The porosity of the clay-based membrane supports was found to be in the range of 33-34%. The flexural strength of the clay-based membrane supports with 1% alkaline-earth carbonates was found to be in the range of 42.8-52.7 MPa. The addition of alkaline-earth carbonates to clay-based membrane supports resulted in large increases (47-80%) in the flexural strength of the membrane supports, compared to that of membrane supports without alkaline-earth carbonates. The typical flexural strength of the clay-based membrane support with 1% $SrCO_3$ was 52.7 MPa at 33.8% porosity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.37 no.4B
• /
• pp.278-287
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we propose an allocation scheme for variable message packings to increase efficiency of military operation using Link-16 which is well-known for tactical data link by delivering imagery information rapidly. We propose a variable message packing scheme using COC waveform to support variable data rate under some coverage limitation. Variety of message packing makes Link-16 vary transmission rate appropriately for tactical environment. We also propose a allocation scheme to assign message packing to time slot properly. Finally we verify the performance and superiority of proposed ideas by simulations.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2008

The temperature-entropy diagram of water or vapor displays graphically the thermophysical properties, so it is very conveniently used in various thermal systems. On general T-s chart of water, there are temperature, pressure, quality, specific volume, specific enthalpy, specific entropy. However, various state and process values besides above properties can be plotted on T-s diagram. In this study, we developed the software drawing twenty six kinds of properties, that is temperature, pressure, quality, specific volume, specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific entropy, specific exergy, exergy ratio, density, isobaric specific heat, isochoric specific heat, ratio of specific heat, coefficient of viscosity, kinematic coefficient of viscosity, thermal conductivity, prandtl number, ion product, static dielectric constant, isentropic exponent, velocity of sound, joule-thomson coefficient, pressure coefficient, volumetric coefficient of expansion, isentropic compressibility, and isothermal compressibility. Also, this software can analyze and print the system values of mass flow rate, volume flow rate, internal energy flow rate, enthalpy flow rate, entropy flow rate, exergy flow rate, heat flow rate, power output, power efficiency, and reversible work. Additionally, this software support the functions such as MS-Power Point.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2006

The major objective of this paper is to propose a hybrid simulation environment for autonomous UAV system by integrating the continuous-time model with discrete-event model. Proposed system is able to support high autonomous behavior by combining the planner, recognizer, and controller model to deal with the HL20 AIRPLANE model. Thus, the high level decision may be efficiently issued even upon the unexpected circumstance. The proposed system model has been successfully verified by several simulation test performed on the DEVS simulation S/W environment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.71-90
• /
• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the comfortability of wearing pantyhose in summer. To satisfy this purpose. 4 types of pantyhose were chosen from the market: a Mono type(M), a Wooly type(W), and two Support types(Sl, S2), were chosen. After the performances of samples were measured, these were worn by 8 healthy adult women. Under the summer field environment, psychological comfort ability was examined through the 5 steps of SD method. Physiological comfort ability was examined by measuring the body reactions(clothing pressure, skin temperature, total body weight loss, rectal temperature, pulse rates, and blood pressure), under the artificial environment($28.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$, $82{\pm}3%$). The results of this examination were as follows : The order of comfortability which people felt in the field was W>M>S1>S2. The number of items which showed the highest correlation with comfort ability decreased and the correlation was lowered on the whole as time went by. There was positive high correlation between the performances of samples and comfort ability in compressibility, air permeability, water vapor permeability, while a negative high correlation in thickness, weight, compressional resiliency, strain (course) and moisture regain. The mean skin temperature was in the comfort zone, and rectal temperature, pulse rates, blood pressure were mostly in the normal range. Also it was showed that the correlation between the performance of samples and body reactions, except total body weight loss, was low.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.117-125
• /
• 2018

Recently, various building integrated wind power (BIWP) approaches have been used to produce energy by installing wind power generators in high-rise buildings constructed in urban areas. BIWP has advantages in that it does not require support to position the turbine up to the installation height, and the energy produced by the wind turbine can be applied directly to the building. The accurate evaluation of wind speed is important in urban wind power generation. In this study, a wind tunnel test and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis were conducted to evaluate the wind speed for installing wind turbines between buildings. The analysis results showed that the longer the length of the buildings, which had the same height, the larger the wind speed between the two buildings. Furthermore, the narrower the building's width, the higher the wind velocity; these outcomes are due to the increase in the Venturi effect. In addition, the correlation coefficient between the results of the wind tunnel test and the CFD analysis was higher than 0.8, which is a very high value.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.1036-1037
• /
• 2017

This study investigated the aging reactions of three kinds of igniters(BKNO3, THPP, ZPP). The life-time of igniter depends on oxygen and moisture in the air. For example, Magnesium contained in the $BKNO_3$ reacts with oxygen and water to form oxide and hydrate. This reaction has an adverse effect on ignition reaction and could be information to analyze aging. Thermodynamic calculation could interpret the aging reaction by calculating flame temperature applying several variables(initial temperature, composition, etc.). If combustion is not completed because of aging igniters, flame temperature will be formed at a low range. The result of this research is expected to support the analysis of igniters aging reactions.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.194-204
• /
• 2020

The detrimental impact of air pollution as a result of frequent exposure to fine particles posed a global public health risk mainly to the pulmonary disorders in pediatric and geriatric population. Here, we reviewed the current literature regarding the role of ginseng and/or its components as antimicrobials, especially against pathogens that cause respiratory infections in animal and in vitro models. Some of the possible mechanisms for ginseng-mediated viral inhibition suggested are improvements in systemic and mucosa-specific antibody responses, serum hemagglutinin inhibition, lymphocyte proliferation, cell survival rate, and viral clearance in the lungs. In addition, ginseng reduces the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8) and chemokines produced by airway epithelial cells and macrophages, thus preventing weight loss. In case of bacterial infections, ginseng acts by alleviating inflammatory cytokine production, increasing survival rates, and activating phagocytes and natural killer cells. In addition, ginseng inhibits biofilm formation and induces the dispersion and dissolution of mature biofilms. Most clinical trials revealed that ginseng, at various dosages, is a safe and effective method of seasonal prophylaxis, relieving the symptoms and reducing the risk and duration of colds and flu. Taken together, these findings support the efficacy of ginseng as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for respiratory infections.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.319-322
• /
• 2005

An energy problem has become one of the many Problems awaiting solution to human society. Energy needs to support not only industry, but also building in city. The types of residential building, office building and public building account for much proportion among the totally amount used energy. A public institution shows a fine example for an energy conservation in the present situation. But, the amount used energy of electricity, air-conditioning and heating is different from a building use and condition. Because the building data of the energy consumption by a load is insufficient, it is unable to select a proper energy source. According to this study, it analyzed an energy load by each building that had investigated the actual conditions of energy consumption about public buildings in Daegu City. In order to plan the efficient energy use both existing buildings and new buildings, this study will present the efficient energy use plan, which has operated to new buildings of a public institution, at present.