• Title/Summary/Keyword: air pollution$CO_2$ use efficiency

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A Study on the Thermal and Pollution Performances of the Heating Boilers with NG-H2 Mixture Ratio (난방용 보일러에서 NG-H2 혼소율에 따른 열 및 공해 성능의 검토)

  • SEO, JUNSUN;KIM, YOUNG-JIC;PARK, JUNKYU;LEE, CHANG-EON
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.573-584
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    • 2021
  • Hydrogen is evaluated as one of the new energy sources that can overcome the limitations and pollution problems of conventional fossil fuels. Although hydrogen is CO2-free, attention is required in NOx emission and flame stability in order to use hydrogen in existing gas fuel system. However, use of electric grids is an unrealistic strategy for decarbonization for residential and commercial heating. Instead, use of H2 that utilizes city gas grid is suggested as a reasonable alternative in terms of compatibility with existing systems, economic feasibility, and accessibility. In this study, the thermal efficiency and NOx performance of the boiler according to the H2 mixture ratio and vapor humidified ratio are reviewed for a humidified NG-H2 boiler that vapor humidity to combustion air. Mixed fuel with H2 (20%) is almost similar to NG in terms of efficiency, flame temperature, and pollution performance. Thus, it is expected to be directly compatible with the existing NG system. If the exhaust temperature of the H2 boiler is lowered to around 60℃ at a humidified ratio of 15-20%, the NOx emission concentration can be suppressed to about 5-10 ppm. The level of efficiency reaches 87% of the rated load efficiency, which is equivalent to the highest grade achievable.

Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions of the Transportation System of Kazakhstan: A Case of Almaty

  • Yessekina, Aiman;Urpekova, Amina
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 2015
  • Energy saving in the transport sector in the framework of the annual growth of energy consumption, the degree of negative impact on the environment and the amount of harmful emissions are becoming increasingly important. The article considers the world tendencies of energy consumption in transportation sector and emphasizes its dependency from oil. Also article describes the dynamics of energy use and CO2 emissions from transport of city Almaty. In conclusion authors identify a number of problems in the transport sector, which hinder the implementation of energy efficiency measures and measures to reduce CO2 emissions.

Effect of $SO_2$ on Leaf Tip Blight of Ginkgo biloba caused by Coniothyrium sp. (은행나무의 잎끝마름병에 미치는 $SO_2$ 의 영향)

  • Kang, Yun-Jie;Park, So-Hong;Lee, Du-Hyung;Bae, Gong-Young
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.179-184
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    • 1999
  • To examine the relationship between air pollution and occurrence of disease in plants, we investigated the alteration of physiology and biochemistry of Ginkgo biloba by inoculating with Coniothyrium sp. and fumigating with 0.1 ${\mu}l/l\;SO_{2-}$ Visual damage did not appear but photosynthesis, $CO_2$ use efficiency(CUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) were reduced when G. biloba was exposed to $SO_{2-}$for 7days (8 hours a day). When inoculated with Coniothyrium sp., the seventies of damage in G. biloba showed a threefold difference between $SO_{2-}$ treatment (SI) and $SO_{2-}$ free treatment (SFI) at day 42 from initial inoculation. Little difference was observed in sugar contents that may be used pathogens feed, among control, SFI and SI. In spite of the reduction in photosynthetic rate, sugar contents and CUE were maintained. WUE was enhanced 13% more at SI than SFI. The $CO_2$fixation boosted because of enhanced WUE, and thus sugar synthesis was not affected. In addition, sugar transport seems to be retarded for some internal alteration. Consequently, the severity of SI was more serious than that of SFI because Coniothyrium sp. easily invades into the physical texture of G. biloba weakened by $SO_2$ fumigation and because sugar was accumulated in leaves of G. biloba.

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A study on engine performance of EGR valve problem in Hybrid vehicles (하이브리드 자동차의 EGR 밸브 오작동 시 엔진 성능에 미치는 영향)

  • Song, Rak Hyun;cho, Haeng Muk
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2015
  • Recently, Air pollution is gradually increasing which are coming from the exhaust of the ICE vehicles in the world. ICE vehicle exhaust gas and $CO_2$ are widely suspected of contributing to the called greenhouse effect, fueling fears of global warming. Therefore, many countries are striving to decrease the vehicle exhaust gas and have developed a variety of policies as air pollution regulation plans. To comply with the regulations, automotive industry has developed hybrid vehicles, which have features of both ICE vehicles and electric vehicles. Hybrid car is eco-friendly and has lowered exhausting gases and improved fuel efficiency. This research has been written to show that break down cases with EGR valve in hybrid cars, steadily increasing in use, and to help with on-site maintenance.

Model analysis for production and utilization of hydrogen energy from wind power and solar cell (풍력-태양전지에 의한 수소에너지 생산과 이용 모델 분석)

  • Lee, Kee Mun;Park, Chang Kwon;Jeong, Kwi Seong;Oh, Byeong Soo
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.239-246
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    • 2001
  • Fossil fuel such as oil and natural gas has been used and will be no longer supplied enough to demand in the beginning of thisg century. The use of the fuel makes a lot of environmental pollution to threaten human being's health especially in big cities and produces a lot of $CO_{2}$ to make green house effect of the earth. It is the time to use clean fuel such as hydrogen to prevent the expected energy crisis and the pollution. A new engine such as fuel cell can be used instead of the conventional internal combustion engine with 2 to 3 times higher efficiency of the conventional engine. The fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen and produces electric energy and pure water, which is a calm engine without air pollution. In big cities the city buses and the taxies powered by hydrogen fuel cells are suggested to be operated for clean environment. The energy and cost analysis performed for hydrogen and electricity production from wind power and solar cell.

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Analysis of the total system for production, transportation and utilization of hydrogen energy (수소 에너지 생산, 수송 및 이용에 대한 통합시스템 해석)

  • Oh, Byeong-Soo;Seo, Seog-Jin
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.38-45
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    • 1998
  • An energy crisis is expected in near future. Fossil fuel such as oil and natural gas has been used and will be no longer supplied enough to demand in the beginning of coming century. The use of the fuel makes a lot of environmental pollution to threaten human being's health especially in big cities and produces a lot of $CO_2$ to make green house effect of the earth. It is the time to use clean fuel such as hydrogen to prevent the expected energy crisis and the pollution. A new engine such as fuel cell can be used instead of the conventional internal combustion engine with 2 to 3 times higher efficiency of the conventional engine. The fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen and produces electric energy and pure water, which is a calm engine without air pollution. In big cities the city buses and the taxies powered by hydrogen fuel cells are suggested to be operated for clean environment. A model of the total energy system for production, transportation and utilization of hydrogen is calculated.

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A Study on Engine Performance Characteristics with Variation of Operating Condition in Diesel Engine (디젤엔진의 운전인자 변화에 따른 엔진의 성능특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, GiBok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.23 no.4_2
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    • pp.645-651
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    • 2020
  • In this study, It is necessary that we should study on more effective use about reciprocating engines because there are huge increase of air pollution. Diesel Engine is operated by injecting fuel directly to combustion chamber with high pressure. Diesel Engine has greater thermal efficiency and durability than Gasoline Engine. Also, Diesel Engine emitted low harmful exhaust witch caused by Gasoline Engine. There are many ways to improve of performance and decrease of harmful exhaust by controlling injection timing, changing amount of fuel and engine speed and so on. Especially, development and application of common rail direct injection Engine cause the increase of thermal efficiency by controlling a various of operating conditions. In this study we analyze characteristics of performance by changing a various of operating conditions.

Removal Characteristics of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) in Low Concentration using Peat-Mixed Media (피트(peat) 혼합담체를 이용한 저농도 질소산화물(NOx) 제거특성)

  • Kang, Young-Heoun;Kim, Deok-Woo;Kang, Seon-Hong;Kwon, Pil-Joo;Kim, Dal-Woo;Hwang, Pil-Gi;Shim, Sang-Bo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.330-338
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    • 2010
  • In this study, removal characteristics of nitrogen oxides $(NO_x)$ from road transport by using peat as the packing media for biodegradation have been investigated in the long term. Physicochemical and biological treatment of peatmixed media eliminates any requirement to use chemical substances and also facilitates the biodegradable actions of microorganism. Safe biodegradation of pollutants, no need to apply additional microbes owing to their active growth, and no generation of secondary pollutants were found in this experiment. It was concluded that average removal efficiencies of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide $(NO_2)$ were 80% and 97% respectively with respect to the linear velocity 35~40 mm/s and 0.3 ppm ozone concentration in the long period operation. Inflow concentration of nitric oxide over 0.05 ppm was suitable when pretreated with ozone. Non-ozone stage was performed with linear velocity 20~100 mm/s and then the average removal efficiency of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide were 38% and 94% respectively. Other results showed that the apparent static pressure was raised with increases in applied water content and aerial velocity in mixed media during fan operation.

A Study on the Use of Low-Grade Domestic Anthracite by Anthracite - Bituminous Coal Blend Combustion in a Fluidized Bed Combustor (유동층 연소로에서 유.무연탄 혼합 연소법을 이용한 국내산 저질 무연탄의 활용에 관한 연구)

  • 정종현;조상원
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.267-276
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    • 1997
  • It has been studded that combustion and the production of air pollution of anthracite - bituminous coal blend In a fluidized bed coal combustor, The objects of thIns study were to investigate mixing characteristics of the particles as well as the combustibility of the low grade domestic anthracite coal and Imported h19h calorific bltununous coal in the fluidized bed coal combustor. They were used as coal samples ; the domestic low grade anthracite coal with heating value of 2,010kca1/kg and the Imported high grade bituminous coal with beating value of 6,520kca1/kg. Also, the effects of air flow rate and anthracite fraction on the reaching time of steady state condition have been studied. The experimental results are presented as follows. The time of reaching to steady state was affected by the temperature variation. The steady state time was about 120 minute at 300sc1h which was the fastest. It has been found that $O^2$ and $CO^2$ concentration were reached steady state at about 100 minute. It has been found that $O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased as the height of fluidlzed bed Increased. It was found that splash zone was mainly located from 25cm to 35cm above distributor. Also, as anthracite traction Increased, the mass of elutrlatlon particles Increased, and $CO^2$ concentration decreased. As gk flow rate Increased,$O^2$ concentration decreased and $CO^2$ concentration increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction and flow rate, the uncombustible weight percentage according to average diameter of elutriation particles were approldmately high In the case of One Particles. As anthracite traction and k now rate Increased, elutriation ratio Increased. As anthracite fraction was increased, exit combustible content over feeding combustible content was Increased. Regardless of anthracite fraction, size distribution of Ued material from discharge was almost constant. Over bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$ and excess air 20% , the difference of combution efficiencies were little. It is estimate that the combustion condition In anthracite-bituminous coal blend combustion is suitable at the velocity 0.3m/s, bed temperature 85$0^{\circ}C$, the excess air 20%.

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Development of a Miniature Aerosol Separator for a Black Carbon Measuring Instrument (블랙카본 측정기용 초소형 사이클론 집진기 개발)

  • An, Ik-Hyun;Lim, Jun-Hyung;Lee, Hyo-Young;Yook, Se-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.19 no.12
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2020
  • Given the increasing interest in air pollution, several technologies to measure black carbon (BC) aerosol particles have been developed. As most BC aerosol particles are smaller than 1 ㎛, it is necessary to pre-separate the particles by size before a BC measuring instrument samples the aerosol particles. In this study, a miniature cyclone separator for portable BC measuring instruments was developed. A numerical approach was used to design the miniature cyclone separator with operating flow rates of 50, 100, or 150 mLPM, and then a prototype cyclone separator was manufactured for experimental validation. The numerical results of the cut-off size and pressure drop of the miniature cyclone separator agreed well with the experimental data. The cut-off sizes of the miniature cyclone separator were determined to be 2.9, 0.94, and 0.63 ㎛ for operating flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 mLPM, respectively. Thus, the miniature cyclone separator is suitable for use as a sampling inlet for the portable black carbon measuring instrument to sample BC aerosol or PM2.5 aerosol.