• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.573-578
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• 2001

직경 0.613mm 활성탄 입자를 생물입자 담체로 사용한 공기리프트 생물막 반응기를 폐수 질화에 적용하여 생물막을 형성시켰다. 공기유속과 암모니움 부하속도(유입수 유량)를 순차적으로 증가시키어 반응기 운전 약 130일 만에 140um 두께의 생물막을 형성시켰다. 온도 3$0^{\circ}C$ 및 상승관 공기유속 6.3cm/s에서 5.0 kg N/㎥.d의 암모니움 산화속도를 얻었다. 생물막 형성 초기에는 암모니움 산화 균주가 주로 형성되어 아질산 축적이 발생하였으며 아질산 완전 산화되었다. 유기물 부하율을 증가시킴에 따라 COD 제거속도는 증가하여 26.6 kg COD/㎥.d의 부하율에서 25.0 kg COD/㎥.d의 제거속도를 보여 94%의 제거효율을 보였다. 반면에 COD 제거속도가 증가함에 따라 암모니움 및 아질산 산화속도는 감소하였다. 특히 약 11 kg/㎥.d 이상의 COD 제거속도에서 많은 종속영양균주 과잉 슬러지가 반응기 액상에서 관찰되었으며 암모니움 및 아질산 산화속도는 COD 제거속도가 증가함에 따라 급격히 감소하였다. 용존산소가 물질확산 저항을 적게 받는 반응기 액상 부유 유기물 산화 균체에 의해 우선적으로 이용되어 반응기 액상 농도가 낮은 값을 보여서 물질확산 저항이 크게 작용하는 생물막에 주로 존재하는 질화균체에 의해 적게 사용된 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 결과는 종속영양균주의 반응기 액상 부유 생장이 생물입자 생물막에서의 독립영양균주 생장에 의한 질화에 유리하다는 제안과 일치하지 않는다. 용존산소 농도를 증가시킴에 따라 순수질화에서 암모니움 및 아질산 산화속도는 증가하였으며, 순산소를 사용할 경우 공기를 사용한 경우에 비하여 약 5배의 높은 암모니움 산화속도를 보였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1990

Magnetite for Water-based ferrofluid was synthesized by air oxidation of aqueous suspension in the pH range 7-12 at $65^{\circ}C$. The optimum condition of magneite formation was delineated by examining various physicochemcial properties such as Fe2+ content, phase characteristics, MHC and $\sigma$max. The point of zero charge of iron oxide powders obtained at various pH conditions were correlated with the oxidation state of Fe in the iron oxide. The magnetite powder prepared at pH 9 ws dispersed using sodium oleate and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) as dispersants, and the dispersion characteristics of the magnetite ferrofluid were examined by means of the fraction of solid dispersed, zeta potential data and FT-IR spectrum. A simple calculation on the potential energy of two interacting magnetite particles showed that the dispersion stability was directly correlated with height of the potential energy barrier or the shape of zeta potential.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2002년도 금형가공 심포지엄
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• pp.187-194
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• 2002

This paper describes the experimental results on direct selective laser sintering of WC-Co mixture for rapid tooling. The experiments were carried out within an air, argon and nitrogen atmosphere. Coupons of single layer were sintered at various laser powers, scanning speeds and scan spacings. As the energy density (energy per unit scanned area) is increased, the thickness of coupons is increased. The main problem took place during sintering within an air atmosphere was severe oxidation of WC-Co mixture. As the laser power is increased and/or scanning speed is decreased, more severe oxidation occurred. Within an argon and nitrogen atmosphere the oxidation is reduced significantly. Experiments on multi-layer sintering were also carried out.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.652-660
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• 1990

Oxidation of Mn-Zn ferrite was made in air at various temperatures ranging from 400$^{\circ}C$ to 1150$^{\circ}C$. Subsequent reduction fo these oxidized samples was also made in air at 1300-1350$^{\circ}C$ where the spinel phase of Mn-Zn ferrite is stable. Morphological observation revealed that the shape of precipitated hematite was plate or lath type on the close-packed habit plane of {111} ferrite which has a definite orientation relationship. The growth of precipitates showed the behavior fo parabolic dependence of the oxidating time. An apparent activation energy for the growth was found to be 125${\pm}$3Kcal/mol. The fact that pores are observed along the precipitates illustrates the oxidation to occur dominantly by the counterdiffusion of cations and ction vacancies. For the reductio reaction pores are found to form at the site once occupied by the precipitates and at the surface. This observation illustrates that the oxygen volitalization from interior region to the surface is the dominant process for the reduction reaction.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 및 Fine pattern PCB 표면 처리 기술 워크샵
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• pp.167-170
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• 2011

Quaternary TiZrAlN nanocomposite thin films with a composition of 20.7Ti-22.2Zr-2.7Al-54.4N (at.%) were deposited by the closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS) method and oxidized in air at temperatures between 500 and $700^{\circ}C$. The oxides formed were $TiO_2$, $ZrO_2$, and $Al_2O_3$. The films had inferior oxidation resistance because the amounts of $ZrO_2$ and $TiO_2$ were large while the amount of $Al_2O_3$ was small. The oxidation progressed primarily by the inward diffusion of oxygen and the outward diffusion of nitrogen.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1994

Oxidation behavior of STS 304 and 430, produced by POSCO, Korea, was studied in order to study the surface defects formed during manufacturing processes. Oxidation experiments were carried out in a preheat-ed furnace at 850~$1, 250^{\circ}C$ in air and in a simulated coke oven gas(COG) atmosphere. The reaction products were examined by XRD, SEM and EDX on their surfaces and cross sections. Protective $Cr_2O_3$-primary oxide film was formed initially, but at critical point this film was broken and a duplex scale consisting of $Fe_2O_3$- and Fe$Cr_2O_4$- was formed. It was more severely attacked in a simulated COG atmosphere than in air, and STS 304 was superior to STS 430 in oxidation resistance.

• 한국도시환경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2018

2017년 겨울철 인천에서 미세먼지($PM_{1.0}$)의 화학적 성분과 산화특성을 파악하였다. 측정기간 대기오염물질 농도는 $PM_{10}$ $46{\pm}22{\mu}g/m^3$, $PM_{2.5}$ $29{\pm}18{\mu}g/m^3$, $SO_2$ 5(${\pm}3$) ppb, CO 0.56(${\pm}0.24$) ppm, $O_3$ 21(${\pm}13$) ppb, $NO_2$ 28(${\pm}17$) ppb이었다. $PM_{1.0}$ 화학적 성분은 organic 성분이 $3.2{\mu}g/m^3$, nitrate $1.9{\mu}g/m^3$로 주요성분으로 나타났다. 주간과 야간에서 대부분 야간에 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 측정기간 NOR(nitrate oxidation rate)은 0.06 이었고, SOR(sulfate oxidation rate)은 0.11이었다. 고농도기간, NOR은 0.6까지 증가하였으며, nitrate 성분도 증가하였다. $NOx/SO_2$ 비는 평균 8.7이었으며, nitrate/sulfate 비율은 평균 2.1로서 측정지점에 위치한 발전소, 산업 보일러를 포함한 고정오염원과 이동오염원인 자동차로부터 배출된 NOx가 기여요인으로 작용한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1993년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.222-224
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• 1993

In this paper, The optimum oxidation conditions for the formation of Cu-Zn ferrite were investigated using precipitates obtained by the mixture of $CuCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$, $ ZnCl_2$, $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ and NaOH. The precipitates were prepared by coprecipitation method on various temperatures and oxidation conditions. The oxidation products were examined by SEM, XRD, and VSM. The particles obtained at 70($^{\circ}C$) were more spherical and fine than that of prepared at 25($^{\circ}C$), 50($^{\circ}C$), 60($^{\circ}C$), respectively. By $H_2O_2$ oxidation, the saturation magnetization of the powders was little influenced, But, by air oxidation the saturation magnetization of the powders was influenced intricately. According to our experimental data, the saturation magnetization of the powders increased with reaction time and was saturated at 9 hours.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.327-327
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• 1999

The oxidation behavior of 60%Cu-40%Zn brass haying small amounts of Zr, Cr, Mg, Al, and Si was studied between 873 and 1043 K in air. The alloying element of Mg was harmful, while other alloying elements were beneficial to oxidation resistance. Particularly, the simultaneous addition of Al and Si decreased the oxidation rate drastically. During oxidation, Zr formed ZrO₂, Cr formed CuCr₂O₄, Mg formed MgO, Al formed A1₂CuO₄, and Si formed amorphous SiO₂. These oxides were incorporated in the oxide scale composed predominantly of ZnO. The oxide scales formed on all the tested alloyswere prone to cracking, wrinkling, and spallation.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2001

$TiB_2$ ceramics were oxidized at 800, 900 and $1000^{\circ}C$ in air for 40 hr, and their oxidation property was investigated using TGA, XRD, SEM and EPMA. The oxidation resistance decreased with an increase in oxidation temperature. The scale was essentially composed of $TiO_2$ only. $B_2$$O_3$ formed during oxidation escaped from the $TiO_2$ oxide scale owing to its high vapor pressure. This made the oxide scale highly porous and thick. The oxidation reaction was mainly governed by the inward transport of oxygen.$ TiO_2$ existing at the outermost scale grew into peculiarly shaped blades, as the reaction progressed.