• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.425-434
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to introduce the establishment process and results of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's road map on environmental health policy. Methods: The process consisted of expert group meetings, civic participation, research, and questionnaire survey for priority environmental health policy agenda items in Seoul. Results: The announced vision for the environmental health policy was "a healthy environment, safety in Seoul". This policy was established in order to define environment health policy initiatives for a period of five years with an aim to protect Seoul citizens' health from hazardous environmental factors. The resulting Seoul environmental health policy consisted of four areas and 16 key agenda items. The four areas were "Protection for children against hazardous materials", "Enhancement of health and safety of all", "Carcinogen-free and endocrine-disrupting chemical-free Seoul (reducing environmental exposure to hazardous materials), and "Establish the foundation of environmental health policy". Sixteen key agenda items include the enhancement of management of spaces for children, certification of environmental health status at schools, establishment of a unit responsible for the environmental health of children, strengthening environmental health management for susceptible populations (children, the aged, and the socioeconomically vulnerable), management of hazardous materials, physical hazardous factors (noise, radiation, etc.), indoor air quality, and the enhancement of monitoring, research, and regulation of environment health. Conclusion: The Seoul Metropolitan Government established an environmental health policy road map for a five-year period (2013-2017). To implement this environmental health policy, budget allocation, and detailed execution plans are required.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1149-1153
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• 2014

Real-time monitoring of hourly atmospheric radon (Rn-222) concentration was performed throughout 2011 at Gosan station, Jeju Island, one of the least polluted regions in Korea, in order to characterize the background levels, and temporal variations on diurnal to seasonal time-scales. The annual mean radon concentration for 2011 was $2527{\pm}1356$ mBq $m^{-3}$, and the seasonal cycle was characterized by a broad winter maximum, and narrow summer minimum. Mean monthly radon concentrations, in descending order of magnitude, were Oct > Sep > Feb > Nov > Jan > Dec > Mar > Aug > Apr > Jun > May > Jul. The maximum monthly mean value (3595 mBq $m^{-3}$, October), exceeded the minimum value (1243 mBq $m^{-3}$, July), by almost a factor of three. Diurnal composite hourly concentrations increased throughout the night to reach their maximum (2956 mBq $m^{-3}$) at around 7 a.m., after which they decreased to their minimum value (2259 mBq $m^{-3}$) at around 3 p.m. Back trajectory analyses indicated that the highest radon events typically exhibited long-term continental fetch over Asia before arriving at Jeju. In contrast, low radon events were generally correlated with air mass fetch over the North Pacific Ocean. Radon concentrations typical of predominantly continental, and predominantly oceanic fetch, differed by a factor of 3.8.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.687-696
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• 2002

Air quality monitoring data and meteorology data which had collected from 1995. 1. to 1999. 2. in six areas of Daegu, Manchondong, Bokhyundong, Deamyungdong, Samdukdong, Leehyundong and Nowondong, were investigated to determine the distribution and characteristic of ozone. A equation of multiple regression was suggested after time series analysis of contribution factor and meteorology factor were investigated during the day which had high concentration of ozone. The results show the following; First, 63.6% of high ozone concentration days, more than 60 ppb of ozone concentration, were in May, June and September. The percentage of each area showed that; Manchondong 14.4%, Bokhyundong 15.4%, Deamyungdong 15.6%, Samdukdong 15.6%, Leehyundong 17.3% and Nowondong 21.6%. Second, correlation coefficients of ozone, $SO_2$, TSP, $NO_2$ and CO showed negative relationship; the results were respectively -0.229, -0.074, -0.387, -0.190(p<0.01), and humidity were -0.677. but temperature, amount of radiation and wind speed had positive relationship; the results were respectively 0.515, 0.509, 0.400(p<0.01). Third, $R^2$ of equation of multiple regression at each area showed that; Nowondong 45.4%, Lee hyundong 77.9%, Samdukdong 69.9%, Daemyungdong 78.8%, Manchondong 88.6%, Bokhyundong 77.6%. Including 1 hour prior ozone concentration, $R^2$ of each area was significantly increased; Nowondong 75.2%, Leehyundong 89.3%, Samdukdong 86.4%, Daemyungdong 88.6%, Manchondong 88.6%, Bokhyundong 88.0%. Using equation of multiple regression, There were some different $R^2$ between predicted value and observed value; Nowondong 48%, Leehyundong 77.5%, Samdukdong 58%, Daemyungdong 73.4%, Manchondong 77.7%, Bokhyundong 75.1%. $R^2$ of model including 1 hour prior ozone concentration was higher than equation of current day; Nowondong 82.5%, Leehyundong 88.3%, Samdukdong 80.7%, Daemyungdong 82.4%, Manchondong 87.6%, Bokhyundong 88.5%.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1271-1281
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• 2010

This study aims to implement the modeling of selected substances for the evaluation of Atmospheric Environmental Capacity by means of the data of 2006 atmospheric pollution substance emissions. As a result, it turned out that the substance with the concentration higher than Atmospheric Environmental standard concentration was NO2, and 17.6% of the total regions researched turned out to exceed the standard concentration. In addition, set was the targeted amount to be reduced in the areas where the upper limit of emission per unit lattice was exceeded, and the model was adopted accordingly. As a result, it turned out that about 80% of the actual emission should be reduced to meet the 2006 Atmospheric Environmental standard over the Daegu. In reality, it is impossible to reduce 80% of the actual emission. Thus, the same ratio of reduction was applied in all of the Daegu regions, and the modeling was applied. The results are as follows: When 30% was reduced, the level went down to 50 ppb, which is as high as 2006 Atmospheric Environmental standard; when 50% was reduced, the level went down to 30 ppb, which is as high as 2007 Atmospheric Environmental standard.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1293-1300
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• 2014

The temperature data influences on various policies of the country. In this article, the autoregressive error (ARE) model has been considered for analyzing the monthly and seasonal temperature data at the northern part of the Chungcheong Namdo, Seosan monitoring site in Korea. In the ARE model, five meteorological variables, four greenhouse gas variables and five pollution variables are used as the explanatory variables for the temperature data set. The five meteorological variables are wind speed, rainfall, radiation, amount of cloud, and relative humidity. The four greenhouse gas variables are carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), methane ($CH_4$), nitrous oxide ($N_2O$), and chlorofluorocarbon ($CFC_{11}$). And the five air pollution explanatory variables are particulate matter ($PM_{10}$), sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$), nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), ozone ($O_3$), and carbon monoxide (CO). The result showed that the monthly ARE model explained about 39-63% for describing the temperature. However, the ARE model will be expected better when we add the more explanatory variables in the model.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.131-157
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• 2016

A smog chamber has been an effective tool to study air quality, particularly secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which is typically formed by atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In controlled environments, smog chamber studies have validated atmospheric oxidation by identifying, quantifying and monitoring products with state-of-art instruments (e.g., aerosol mass spectrometer, scanning mobility particle sizer) and provided chemical insights of SOA formation by elucidating reaction mechanisms. This paper reviews types of smog chambers and the current state of smog chamber studies that have accomplished to find pathways of SOA formation, focusing on gas-particle partitioning of semivolatile products of VOC oxidation, heterogeneous reactions on aerosol surface, and aqueous chemistry in aerosol waters (e.g., cloud/fog droplets and wet aerosols). For future chamber studies, then, this paper discusses potential formation pathways of fine particles that East Asia countries (e.g., Korea and China) currently suffer from due to massive formation that gives rise to fatal health problems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

The largest problem in applying the elecbical partial discharge measurement method the transformer that has been operated until now is the removal of external corona noise In this thesis, a methcd was studied. to rneasme only fue partial discharge sIgnal due to the defoct in transfonrer except the external corona noise. To find out the types of partial discharge and corona noise within a transfomr, a partial discharge was made in use of a needle-plane electrodes within a model transfonner and, at the same time, an external corona noise was generated in use of a rod-sphere electrcdes in the air around the transformer. Both of a partial clischarge signal caused from an intemat defect within a transformer and an external noise were found at the rogowski coil which was located at transformer earth wire. When the external corona noise, which was separately measured in use of an antenna sensor out of transfonner, was removed from the signal measured on rogowski coil, the signal caused by partial discharge within a transformer would effectively be acquired.quired.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.44-50
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• 2013

Process gas piping is one of the most basic components frequently used in the refinery and petrochemical plants. Many kinds of by-product gas have been used as fuel in the process plants. In some plants, natural gas is additionally introduced and mixed with the byproduct gas for upgrading the fuel. In this case, safety or design margin of the changed piping system of the plant should be re-evaluated based on a proper design code such as ASME or API codes since internal pressure, temperature and gas compositions are different from the original plant design conditions. In this study, series of piping stress analysis were conducted for a process piping used for transporting the mixed gas of the by-product gas and the natural gas from a mixing drum to a knock-out drum in a refinery plant. The analysed piping section had been actually installed in a domestic industry and needed safety audit since the design condition was changed. Pipe locations of the maximum system stress and displacement were determined, which can be candidate inspection and safety monitoring points during the upcoming operation period. For studying the effects of outside air temperature to safety the additional stress analysis were conducted for various temperatures in $0{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. Effects of the friction coefficient between the pipe and support were also investigated showing a proper choice if the friction coefficient is important. The maximum system stresses were occurred mainly at elbow, tee and support locations, which shows the thermal load contributes considerably to the system stress rather than the internal pressure or the gravity loads.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.391-396
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• 2005

Red tide(harmful algae) in the Korean Coastal Waters has a given a great damage to the fishery every year. However, the aim of our study understands the influence of meteorological factors (air and water tempaerature, precipitation, sunshine, solar radiation, winds) relating to the mechanism of red tide occurrence and monitors red tide by satellite remote sensing, and analyzes the potential area for red tide occurrence by GIS. The meteorological factors have directly influenced on red tide formation. Thus, We want to predict and apply to red tide formation from statistical analyses on the relationships between red tide formation and meteorological factors. In future, it should be realized the near real time monitoring for red tide by the development of remote sensing technique and the construction of integrated model by the red tide information management system (the data base of red tide - meteorological informations).

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2016

The space radiation dose over air routes including polar routes should be carefully considered, especially when space weather shows sudden disturbances such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, and accompanying solar energetic particle events. We recently established a heliocentric potential (HCP) prediction model for real-time operation of the CARI-6 and CARI-6M programs. Specifically, the HCP value is used as a critical input value in the CARI-6/6M programs, which estimate the aviation route dose based on the effective dose rate. The CARI-6/6M approach is the most widely used technique, and the programs can be obtained from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). However, HCP values are given at a one month delay on the FAA official webpage, which makes it difficult to obtain real-time information on the aviation route dose. In order to overcome this critical limitation regarding the time delay for space weather customers, we developed a HCP prediction model based on sunspot number variations (Hwang et al. 2015). In this paper, we focus on improvements to our HCP prediction model and update it with neutron monitoring data. We found that the most accurate method to derive the HCP value involves (1) real-time daily sunspot assessments, (2) predictions of the daily HCP by our prediction algorithm, and (3) calculations of the resultant daily effective dose rate. Additionally, we also derived the HCP prediction algorithm in this paper by using ground neutron counts. With the compensation stemming from the use of ground neutron count data, the newly developed HCP prediction model was improved.