• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.50-58
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent and disabling joint disease in the world. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exercise is a widely used treatment and could be a beneficial and long-term tool for treating TMJ OA. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic exercise in the conservative treatment of TMJ OA. Materials and Methods: A single-group experimental pre-post test was performed. We included patients who met the diagnostic criteria for TMJ OA. Outcome variables were pain intensity (visual analogue scale), functionality (Helkimo index), and structural changes (ultrasound). Follow-up periods were at months 1, 3, and 6. The intervention included a home-based program with thermotherapy, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise during the entire follow-up period. Results: We included 15 patients and 26 joints, all women with a median age of 57 years (range, 49-62 years). Median change in pain intensity on joint palpation, mouth opening, and at rest at the first month was 47.5 mm, 51 mm, and 60 mm, respectively, and 48 mm, 49.5 mm, and 42.5 mm, at six months (P=0.001). The Helkimo index showed significant improvement in medians from baseline severe dysfunction (17 points) to minimal dysfunction at three and six months (2 points) (P=0.001). Ultrasound showed improved disc position. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant improvements in pain, function, and joint disc position and represents a valuable tool for the long-term treatment of patients with TMJ OA.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 2022

공중급유 능력은 항공기의 임무시간 증대와 운용영역 확장을 제공함에 따라 많은 군용기에 적용 및 운영되어왔다. 피급유기가 지정된 급유기로부터 공중급유를 받기 위해서는 기술 및 운용호환성평가를 통해 공중급유허용을 확보해야 한다. 적합성 평가에는 공중급유 조종성, 기능성, 연료, 조명시스템 평가를 포함하고 있으며 비행시험을 통해 최종 검증된다. 그러나 한국에서는 신규개발항공기에 대한 공중급유 적합성 평가를 수행한 사례가 없기 때문에 시험 요구도, 범위 및 프로그램 규모를 결정하기 위한 경험이 없는 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 공중급유 유형 소개와 한국 공군에 도입된 Boom & Receptacle 시스템에 대한 고정익 항공기 공중급유 FCS (Flight Control System) OFP (operational flight program) 검증, 시스템 검증 및 영역 허용 관련 공중급유 비행시험 방법을 연구하였다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.76.3-77
• /
• 2021

GMT secondary mirror system consists of 7 segmented adaptive mirrors. Each segment consists of a thin shell mirror, actuators and a reference body. The thin shell has a few millimeters of thickness so that it can be easily bent by push and pull force of actuators to compensate the wavefront disturbance of light due to air turbulence. The one end of actuator is supported by the reference body and the other end is adapted to this thin shell. One of critical role of the reference body is to provide the reference surface for the thin shell actuators. Therefore, the reference body is one of key components to succeed in development of GMT ASM. Recently, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and University of Arizona (UA) has signed a contract that they will cooperate to develop the first set of off-axis reference body for GMT ASM. This project started August 2021 and will be finished in Dec. 2022. The reference body has total 675 holes to accommodate actuators and 144 pockets for lightweighting. The rear surface has a curved rib shape with radius of curvature of 4387 mm with offset of 128.32mm. Since this reference body is placed just above the thin shell so that the front surface shape needs to be close to that of thin shell. The front surface has a concave off-axis asphere, of which radius of curvature is 4165.99 mm and off-axis distance is about 1088 mm. The material is Zerodur CTE class 1 (CTE=0.05 ppm/oC) from SCHOTT. All the actuator holes and pockets are machined normal to the front surface. It is a very complex challenging optical elements that involves sophisticated machining process as well as accurate metrology. After finishing the fabrication of reference body in KRISS, it will be shipped to UA for final touches and finally sent to Adoptica in Italy, in early 2023. This paper presets the development plan for the GMT ASM Reference Body and relevant fabrication and metrology plans.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2022

해병대는 1949년 4월 15일에 진해 덕산 비행장에서 창설되었다. 6.25전쟁과 월남 전쟁에서 싸우면 반드시 이겨 국민들로부터 사랑과 신뢰를 받았다. 강한 전투력은 선진병영문화가 조성 될 때 가능한 것이다. 오늘날 신세대 장병들은 자기중심적이고 개인주의적 성향이 강하다. 해병대 간부들은 신세대 장병들의 특성을 잘 이해하고 그들의 특성을 살릴 수 있도록 창의적인 리더십 개발에 노력해 할 것이다. 또한 4 해병대 간부들은 차 산업혁명과 더불어 첨단 과학기술이 발달함에 따라 간부들의 전문적 전술지식습득과 자기개발을 위해 부단히 힘써야 할 것이다. 따라서 해병대 간부들은 신세대 장병들의 특성을 이해하여 리더십을 발휘함으로써 국민에게 신뢰받는 강군이 되도록 최선의 노력을 해야 할 것이다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2024

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin tumors, and conventional treatment modalities are not effective in treating advanced melanoma. Although immunotherapy is an effective treatment for melanoma, it has disadvantages, such as a poor response rate and serious systemic immune-related toxic side effects. The main solution to this problem is the use of biological materials such as hydrogels to reduce these side effects and amplify the immune killing effect against tumor cells. Hydrogels have great advantages as local slow-release drug carriers, including the ability to deliver antitumor drugs directly to the tumor site, enhance the local drug concentration in tumor tissue, reduce systemic drug distribution and exhibit good degradability. Despite these advantages, there has been limited research on the application of hydrogels in melanoma treatment. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the potential application of hydrogels in melanoma immunotherapy. Hydrogels can serve as carriers for sustained drug delivery, enabling the targeted and localized delivery of drugs with minimal systemic side effects. This approach has the potential to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for melanoma. Thus, the use of hydrogels as drug delivery vehicles for melanoma immunotherapy has great potential and warrants further exploration.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권11호
• /
• pp.3973-3982
• /
• 2023

As for two-phase flow in rectangular channels, the flow regimes especially like churn-turbulent and annular flow are significant for the physical problem like Countercurrent Flow Limitation (CCFL). In this study, the rectangular channels with cross-sections of 4 × 66 mm, 6 × 66 mm, 8 × 66 mm are adopted to investigate the flow regimes of air-water vertical upward two phase flow under adiabatic condition. The gas and liquid superficial velocities are 0 ≤ j_g ≤ 20m/s and 0.25 ≤ j_f ≤ 3m/s respectively which covering bubbly to annular flow. The flow regimes are identified by random forest algorithm and the flow regime maps are obtained. As the results, the transitional void fraction from slug to churn turbulent flow fluctuate from 0.47 to 0.58 which is significantly affected by the dimensional size of channel and flow rate. Besides, the void fraction at transitional points from churn-turbulent (slug) to annular flow are 0.66-0.67, which are independent with the gap size. Furthermore, a new criteria of slug to churn-turbulent flow is established in this study. In addition, by introducing the interfacial force model, the criteria of churn-turbulent (slug) flow to annular flow is verified.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2024

소프트웨어 테스팅의 궁극적인 목표는 소프트웨어의 에러를 찾아내고 수정하는 것이다. 소프트웨어 에러를 발견하기 어렵게 만드는 요인 중에는 소프트웨어의 에러가 출력에 도달하기 전에 내부에서 마스킹 되어 사라지는 것이다. 이 논문의 목적은 소프트웨어 테스팅을 어렵게 만드는 에러 마스킹의 원인 및 특성을 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 3개의 소프트웨어를 대상으로 인위적인 에러를 주입하여 그 에러가 다양한 테스트 케이스들에 의해서 얼마만큼 마스킹 되는지, 그리고 그 원인은 무엇인지를 조사하였다. 실험 결과 4가지 주요 발견이 도출 되었다. 첫째, 약 50% 정도의 에러 마스킹은 에러가 실행되지 않았기 때문에 발생하였다. 둘째, 여러 연산자들 중에서 논리연산자와 산술연산자는 에러를 상대적으로 적게 마스킹하고, 관계연산자와 시간 연산자는 에러를 상대적으로 많이 마스킹하였다. 셋째, 테스트 케이스들 중에 에러를 출력까지 전파시키는데 특별한 성능을 보이는 테스트 케이스의 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 넷째, 주입한 에러의 종류에 따라서 마스킹 효과가 다르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.168-175
• /
• 2024

Purpose: The presence of alcoholic stool in biliary atresia (BA) patients is the basis of a stool color card (SCC), a screening tool that has led to more patients receiving Kasai portoenterostomy earlier. This study aimed to evaluate the color image processing of stool images captured using smartphones. We propose that measuring digital color parameters is a more objective method for identifying BA stools and may improve the sensitivity of BA screening. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in five hospitals in Thailand between October 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Stools from infants presenting with jaundice, acholic stool, or dark-colored urine were photographed. Digital image color analysis was performed, and software was developed based on the color on the original SCC. Sensitivity and specificity for predicting BA stools were compared between the SCC and the software. Results: Of 33 infants eligible for data collection, 19 were diagnosed with BA. Saturation and blue were two potential digital color parameters used to differentiate BA stools. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimum cutoff point of both values, and when saturation ≤56 or blue ≥61 was set as a threshold for detecting BA stool, high accuracy was achieved at 81.8% and 78.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Digital image processing is a promising technology. With appropriate cutoff values of saturation in hue, saturation, value and blue in red, green, blue color models, BA stools can be identified, and equivocal-colored stools of non-BA patients can be differentiated with acceptable accuracy in infants presenting with jaundice.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2024

Background: This study focuses on assessing occupational risk for the health hazards encountered during maintenance works (MW) in semiconductor fabrication (FAB) facilities. Objectives: The objectives of this study include: 1) identifying the primary health hazards during MW in semiconductor FAB facilities; 2) reviewing the methods used in evaluating the likelihood and severity of health hazards through occupational health risk assessment (OHRA); and 3) suggesting variables for the categorization of likelihood of exposures to health hazards and the severity of health effects associated with MW in FAB facilities. Methods: A literature review was undertaken on OHRA methodology and health hazards resulting from MW in FAB facilities. Based on this review, approaches for categorizing the exposure to health hazards and the severity of health effects related to MW were recommended. Results: Maintenance workers in FAB facilities face exposure to hazards such as debris, machinery entanglement, and airborne particles laden with various chemical components. The level of engineering and administrative control measures is suggested to assess the likelihood of simultaneous chemical and dust exposure. Qualitative key factors for mixed exposure estimation during MW include the presence of safe operational protocols, the use of air-jet machines, the presence and effectiveness of local exhaust ventilation system, chamber post-purge and cooling, and proper respirator use. Using the risk (R) and hazard (H) codes of the Globally Harmonized System alongside carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic classifications aid in categorizing health effect severity for OHRA. Conclusion: Further research is needed to apply our proposed variables in OHRA for MW in FAB facilities and subsequently validate the findings.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2024

Micro-plastics are synthetic high-differentiation chemicals of less than 5mm in size, and are deposited not only on the sea surface but also on the coast. If these micro-plastics are not properly separated from the sand, they can threaten marine ecosystems. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to apply cyclone separator to the micro-plastic retrieval in order to predict the movement of particles according to the formation of the cyclone separator by applying the centrifugal force of the particle in accordance with the rotational movement of the air. The cyclone separator has three shapes, the first one is a typical interconnected cyclone separator. The second is the horn form, except for the cylinder in a regular cyclone separator, and the third is a form that increases the horn's height twice in the second. The numerical analysis simulation of the Cyclone separator used the Fluent software package. The output speed of the Cyclone separator was 5 to 13m/s at 1m/s intervals. The simulated particles include sand, Styrofoam, PET, PP, and PU. Sand particles are assigned a fixed diameter of 2mm, while other particles have a diameter of 3mm. As a result of the analysis, the first form was not separated from plastic. The Styrofoam separation efficiency in the second showed its highest efficiency at 72.7% at 7m/s, and the efficiency decreased after 12m/s as the sand particles were mixed into the plastic attachment location. In the third form, the separation efficiency of Styrofoam at 12m/s was highest at 67.9%.