• 제목/요약/키워드: air drying duration

검색결과 17건 처리시간 0.043초

Germination of West African Ebony (Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst) Seeds: Effects of Dehydration and Different Pre-sowing Treatments

  • Kanmegne, Gabriel;Mbakop, Christelle Nya;Fonkou, Theophile
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.267-273
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    • 2020
  • Diospyros mespiliformis is a highly valued and threatened tree species within the Sahelo-Sudanian zone of Africa, but its seed germination requirements under cultivation are not well researched. In a first experiment which aimed at determining germination response of seeds to dehydration, fresh seeds were dried at room temperature for 26 days during which their moisture content, their germinability, and their viability were monitored at two-day intervals. In the second experiment, 14 pre-germination treatments were tested for their effect on the germination of dried seeds. Results showed that fresh seeds had 52.7% moisture and achieved 97.7% germination. As seeds were dried, percentage germination gradually decreased with decreasing moisture content and reached 0% when moisture content had dropped to 18%. Meanwhile, seed viability remained at 100% over drying duration. Seeds that were not germinated after air dry also recorded 100% viability. The most effective treatment for inducing germination of dried seeds was scarification using 98% sulfuric acid for 30 min which resulted in 96.6% germination. This study reports for the first time in D. mespiliformis seeds a desiccation-induced dormancy which can be efficiently alleviated by acid scarification. This study provides useful information that will contribute to efficient management of D. mespiliformis seed resources for propagation.

Comparison of Drying Yield, Meat Quality, Oxidation Stability and Sensory Properties of Bone-in Shell Loin Cut by Different Dry-aging Conditions

  • Cho, Soohyun;Kang, Sun-Moon;Kim, Yun-Seok;Kim, Young-Chun;Ba, Hoa Van;Seo, Hyun-Woo;Lee, Eun-Mi;Seong, Pil-Nam;Kim, Jin-Hyoung
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.1131-1143
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    • 2018
  • This study aimed to investigate the drying yield, meat quality, oxidation stability and sensory properties of Hanwoo beef loin subjected to different dry-aging conditions. A total of 54 Hanwoo beef loins (bone-in, $6^{th}-13^{th}$ ribs) with fat cover at 2 d postmortem were assigned to four groups and hung in a dry-aging room at a controlled temperature ($2^{\circ}C-4^{\circ}C$), humidity (65%-85%) and air velocity (3 m/s). Four treatment conditions were tested; the respective temperature, humidity and treatment duration are as follows: T1, $2^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d; T2, $2^{\circ}C$, 65%, $20d+2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 20 d; T3, $2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 40 d; T4, $4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d. The drying yield, total aerobic counts and fat contents increased, whereas the moisture content, meat color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$), and Warner-Bratzler shear force values decreased significantly during the aging period for all treatments (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) did not change significantly until 40 d, and it was significantly higher in T1 and T4 than in T2 and T3 at 60 d (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity, pH and lipid oxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values] increased during aging (p<0.05). The sensory scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability of dry-aged loin muscles increased as the aging period increased. T2 and T3 had significantly higher sensory scores and T1 had significantly lower scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability at 20, 40, and 60 d for loin muscles (p<0.05).

오렌지향과 valeric acid향에 대한 뇌파와 자율신경계반응에 나타난 후각 감성 (Differences of EEG and autonomic responses between olfactory stimuli with orange and valeric acid in human)

  • 백은주;이윤영;이배환;문창현;이수환
    • 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국감성과학회 1997년도 한국감성과학회 연차학술대회논문집
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    • pp.75-79
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    • 1997
  • The present study was designed to investigate whether there is a consistint changes in the signals from the central and autonomic nervous systim due to olfactory stimulation. The olfactory stimuli were 0.6% orange and 2.5% valeric acid and the stimuli through the olfactory stimulator soth controlled consistint flow, controlled concentration, and saturated with vapour to prevent drying the nasal mucosa. A room air blunk served as the control stimulus, EEG was recorede from 4channels according to the international 10-20 systim. Additionally, ECG, EOG, heart rate, skin conductance and resputation were recorded comtinuously. The fast Fourier transform analysis of EEG waves was analysed with the power spectra. Averaged power spectra were computed for the following frequency bands ; delta(0-4.5Hz), theta (4.5-7Hz), alphal(7-9.5Hz), alpha2 (9.5-12.5Hz) and beta(12.5-30Hz). Withthe results of the subjective sensibility test for the ordor, the orange was related to pleasant and familiar and the valeric acid was realted to snpleasant and bothersome. There is the difference between orange and valeric acid in alphal at PG2-A2 channel. While the unpleasant stimuli seem to be increased in alphal, alpha2 and beta waves at all channels. Also, the heart rate, galvaric skin resistance seem to be decreased by pleasant stimuli and thd unpleasant stimuli shdwed the opposite. In respiration, respiration rate had been declinig tendency, and input/output ampoitued and duration showed an upward trend by olfactory stimulation with orange, while opposite by valeric acid. In conclusion, the consistent EEG changes and the autonomic responses suggests the possibilities of the subjective signal of human sensibility.

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풍화계열 사면의 불포화 함수특성곡선 이력이 강우 침투에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Hysteresis on Soil-Water Characteristic Curve in Weathered Granite and Gneiss Soil Slopes during Rainfall Infiltration)

  • 신길호;박성완
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제22권7호
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 2006
  • 풍화 사면은 지속적인 강우로 인하여 얕은층에서 파괴가 일어나고 있다. 이러한 파괴들은 주로 강우 침투로 지표면에서의 습윤대의 형성과 이로 인한 흡수력의 감소에 기인한다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 풍화사면인 화강 풍화토 및 편마풍화토에 대한 함수특성곡선의 건조-습윤 이력과 선행강우 조건을 활용하여 시간에 따른 불포화 침투 해석을 인공적인 강우 강도와 지속시간을 설정하여 실시하였다. 그 결과 풍화 사면의 불포화 침투는 깊이별로 선행 강우에 의한 초기 흡수력과 이력에 따른 불포화 투수계수에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 화강풍화토가 편마풍화토 보다 상대적으로 작은 공기 함입값, 잔류 흡수력, 그리고 습윤 전면 흡수력을 가지고 있으며 이력 loop가 작아서 침투에 대한 흡수력의 변화 반응이 매우 빠름을 확인할 수 있었다.

건조 전처리에 의한 자생 Aquilegia속 식물 종자의 초저온 저장과 발아 (Cryopreseryation and Germination of Native Aquilegia Species Seeds by Predehydration Treatment)

    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.251-258
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    • 2001
  • 한국 자생 매발톱꽃속 종자 식물유전자원의 장기저장을 위해 건조 전처리에 의해 종자 수분함수율을 저하시킨 후 액체질소(-196$^{\circ}C$) 중에서 생존 가능성 및 보존에 관해 시험하였다. 종자 수분함수율은 10분~2시간에 걸친 다양한 건조조건에 의해 9.7~3.2%로 비례적으로 감소하였다. 건조 전처리한 매발톱꽃속 종자를 액체질소 내에 6개월간 저장하여 38$\pm$5$^{\circ}C$ 온수에 해동시켜 발아율 및 발아세, 평균발아기간을 조사하였다. 건조 무처리 한 수분 함수율10.9% 조건의 매발톱꽃 종자는 초저온 보존 후, 발아율이 52.5%로 나타났으나 60분간 건조 전처리 하여 수분 함수율이 6.0%로 조정된 종자의 경우는 84.7%가 발아하였다. 또한 발아세에 있어서도 수분 함수율이 5% 내외로 적절히 건조 전처리 한 매발톱 꽃속 종자는 초저온 보존 이후에 60%이상의 높은 발아세와 11~13일의 고른 평균 발아기간이 나타났다. 본 시험의 결과, 적절한 처리시간에 의해 건조 전처리한 자생 매발톱꽃속 종자를 초저온 조건의 액체질소에 장기 저장하여도 대조구에 비해 발아율은 약 0.5%가 저하하였으나 발아세, 평균발아율에는 큰차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 발아묘의 기형적인 형태적 변화도 관찰되지 않았다. 그러므로 단명성인자생 매발톱꽃속 종자의 초저온 보존은 식물 유전자원을 유전적으로 안전하고 경제적으로 저장할 수 있는 방법으로 사료된다.

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건어육(乾魚肉) 저장(貯藏)중의 단백질(蛋白質) 소화율(消化率) 저하요인(低下要因) (Factors Influencing on the Drop of in vitro Protein Digestibility in Dried Fish Meat)

  • 김상애;이강호;류홍수
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 1986
  • 우리나라에서 건제품(乾製品)으로 많이 이용되고 있는 갈치와 가자미의 건조(乾燥) 및 저장시(貯藏時) 일어나는 지질(脂質) 및 산화지질(酸化脂質)과 단백질(蛋白質)과의 반응(反應)이 이들 어육(魚肉)의 in vitro protein digestibility저하(低下)에 미치는 영향과 이에 수반되는 available lysine의 불용화(不溶化) 및 효소(酵素) 불소화성(不消化性) 물질(物質) 생성(生成) 정도의 변화를 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 가자미 및 갈치 생시료(生試料)의 소화율(消化率)은 87.63, 86.08%이었고, 일건(日乾), 열건시료(熱乾試料)는 건조(乾燥) 중 $1{\sim}2%$정도 저하(低下)되었으나 탈지시료(脫脂試料)는 각각 89.15, 87.15%로 증가하였다. 저장(貯藏) 중의 소화율(消化率)은 모든 시료(試料)에서 저하(低下)되었고 특히 갈치 열건시료(熱乾試料)는 78.00%로 심한 감소를 나타내었다. TIS함량은 생시료(生試料)에서 가자미, 갈치가 각각 0.88, 0.96mg/g solid이었으며, 탈지시료(脫脂試料)는 건조(乾燥) 및 저장(貯藏) 중 TIS함량의 증가가 적었고 소화율(消化率)은 높게 나타났다. VBN 및 PoV는 저장 10일에 저장초기의 2배(倍)정도로 증가하였고, 저장 30일에는 급격히 감소되었다. 갈변물질(褐變物質)의 형성은 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 증가되었다. 가자미 및 갈치 지질(脂質)의 주요(主要) 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)은 $C_{18:1},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{22:6}\;C_{16:1}$등이었으며 총불포화지방산(總不飽和脂肪酸)함량은 가자미 79.2%, 갈치 67.8%이었고 저장 중 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)이 증가하고 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Available lysine은 갈치가 가자미보다 많았으며 저장 30일에는 저장초기량의 8.23%가 각각 손실되었다. 이상에서 수산단백식품(水産蛋白食品)은 건조(乾燥) 저장(貯藏) 중 산화지질(酸化脂質)과의 반응(反應)으로 단백질(蛋白質)의 양적(量的) 손실(損失)을 초래하였고, 비효소(非酵素)적 갈변(褐變), 지질일단백질(脂質一蛋白質)의 불용성(不溶性) 복합체(複合體) 형성(形成), available lysine의 불용화(不溶化), TIS의 생성(生成), 어육(魚肉)내의 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)과 아미노산의 변화(變化)로 in vitro protein digestibility 저하(低下)를 비롯하여 어육(魚肉)의 갈변(褐變), 풍미손상(風味損傷) 및 영양가손실(營養價損失)등의 어육(魚肉)의 품질저하(品質低下)를 초래하는 주요인(主要因)으로 분석되었다.

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요 세포 검사의 진단적 가치; 액상세포검사와 고식적 방법의 비교 (Diagnostic Value of Urine Cytology in 236 cases; a Comparison of Liquid-Based Preparation and Conventional Cytospin Method)

  • 이선;박정희;도성임;김윤화;이주희;장성구;박용구
    • 대한세포병리학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.119-125
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    • 2007
  • Urine cytology is an important screening tool for urinary tract neoplasms. Liquid-based preparation methods, such as $ThinPrep^{(R)}$, have been introduced for non-gynecological samples. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of liquid-based preparations in urine cytology by comparing the results of the conventional Cytospin preparation method for the same samples. A total of 236 cases subject to urine cytology were enrolled in this study from January 2005 to December 2005. All cases were subjected to cystoscopy and if a malignancy was suspected, a biopsy was performed. Urine cytology slides were made using the $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ preparation method and the conventional Cytospin and/or direct smear method from the individual samples. The results of urine cytology were compared with the final cystoscopic or histological diagnoses. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of both cytology preparation methods. A total of 236 slides made using the liquid based method were satisfactory for slide quality, whereas 5 slides (2.1%) prepared by conventional methods were unsatisfactory because of air-drying, a thick smear, or a bloody or inflammatory background. The $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ method showed 53.1% sensitivity, 92.6% specificity, a 92,6% positive predictive value, a 94.1% negative predictive value and 85,6% accuracy, while the conventional method showed 51% sensitivity, 98.4% specificity, a 92.6% positive predictive value, a 98.4% negative predictive value and 88,6% accuracy. Although the diagnostic values were equivalent between the use of the two methods, the quality of the cytology slides and the time consumed during the microscopic examination for a diagnosis were superior for the $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ method than for the conventional method. In conclusion, our limited studies have shown that the use of the liquid based preparation method is beneficial to improve the quality of slides and reduce the duration for a microscopic examination, but did not show better sensitivity, accuracy and predictive values.