• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2011

Plants expressing Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) are known to be resistant to glyphosate, a potent herbicide that inhibits the activity of the endogenous plant EPSPS. In order to develop herbicide-resistant rice, we prepared transgenic rice plants with CP4 EPSPS gene under the control of CaMV 35S promoter for over-expression. A recombinant plasmid was transformed into rice via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A large number of transgenic rice plants were obtained with glyphosate and most of the transformants showed fertile. The integration and expression of CP4 EPSPS gene from regenerated plants was analyzed by Southern and northern blot analysis. The transgenic rice plants had CP4 EPSPS enzyme activity levels more than 15-fold higher than the wild-type plants. EPSPS enzyme activity of transgenic rice plants was also identified by strip-test method. Field trial of transgenic rice plants further confirmed that they can be selectively survived at 100% by spay of glyphosate (Roundup$^{(R)}$) at a regular dose used for conventional rice weed control.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

Sixteen microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers) were employed to examine the genetic stability of 27 randomly chosen date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants produced through somatic embryogenesis with upto forty two in vitro subcultures. No microsatellite DNA variation was observed among all micropropagated plants. Our results indicate that the micropropagation protocol used for rapid in vitro multiplication is appropriate and suitable for clonal propagation of date palm and corroborated that somatic embryogenesis can also be used as one of the safe modes for production of true-to-type plants of date palm. This is the first report on the use of microsatellite DNA markers to establish the genetic stability in micropropagated date palm plants.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2016

Background: Ginsenosides are the major effective ingredients responsible for the pharmacological effects of ginseng. Malonyl ginsenosides are natural ginsenosides that contain a malonyl group attached to a glucose unit of the corresponding neutral ginsenosides. Methods: Medium-pressure liquid chromatography and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate purified compounds and their structures determined by extensive one-dimensional- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Results: A new saponin, namely malonyl-ginsenoside Re, was isolated from the fresh flower buds of Panax ginseng, along with malonyl-ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd. Some assignments for previously published $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR spectra were found to be inaccurate. Conclusion: This study reports the complete NMR assignment of malonyl-ginsenoside Re, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, and Rd for the first time.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs is promoting agri-environment conservation program to induce farmers to participate in agricultural environment improvement and conservation activities. However, assessment tools based on scientific evidence are needed to determine the effectiveness of the program objectively and quantitatively. Therefore, this study was performed to develop plant indicators in order to efficiently evaluate the effects of the agri-environment conservation program promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. METHODS AND RESULTS: The survey was conducted in five regions (Hampyeong, Boryeong, Mungyeong, Hongseong, and Sangju) participating in the agri-eonvironment conservation program. In each region, twenty paddy fields were investigated (ten paddy fields included in the program and ten paddy fields not included in the program). A total of 231 taxa vascular plants were identified in the paddy fields that were included in the agri-environment conservation program, and a total of 177 taxa were identified in the paddy fields that were not included. The average species number occurred on each field was 55.8 taxa in the fields included in the program, and 35.0 taxa in the fields not included in the program. The difference in occurring plants between two groups was found to be more higher in perennial plants than in annual plants. We selected the six groups as indicator plants through five criteria such as perennial plants and broadly occurring species, etc. to verify the effectiveness of the agri-environment conservation program: Taraxacum spp., Ixeris spp., Viola spp., Platago spp., Calystegia spp., and rare and endagered species. There was a high positive correlation between the score calculated using these indicator plants and the total number of plants species. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that it is possible to evaluate the agro-ecological environment by using indicator plants. The selected indicator plants can be effectively used to verify the effectiveness of projects such as agri-environmental conservation programs in the future.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2023

Soft rot is a widespread, catastrophic disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) that severely damages the production of Amorphophallus spp. This study evaluated the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in Pcc-infected and uninfected plants of two species of Amorphophallus, A. muelleri and A. konjac. Principal component analysis showed that the samples formed different clusters according to the Pcc infection status, indicating that Pcc infection can cause a large number of changes in the bacterial and fungal communities in the Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere soil. However, the response mechanisms of A. muelleri and A. konjac are different. There was little difference in the overall microbial species composition among the four treatments, but the relative abundances of core microbiome members were significantly different. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillus, and Lysobacter were lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants; in contrast, those of infected A. muelleri plants were higher than those in healthy plants. For fungi, the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Fusarium in the rhizosphere of infected A. konjac plants were significantly higher than those of healthy plants, but those of infected A. muelleri plants were lower than those of healthy plants. The relative abundance of beneficial Penicillium fungi was lower in infected A. konjac plants than in healthy plants, and that of infected A. muelleri plants was higher than that of healthy plants. These findings can provide theoretical references for further functional research and utilization of Amorphophallus spp. rhizosphere microbial communities in the future.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2013

본 연구는 논, 밭, 과수원, 도로변에 생육하고 있는 식물상을 조사하여 $C_4$식물의 분포특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 현장조사는 2002년부터 2006년까지 5년간 수행되었다. 그 결과, 총 74과 231속 352종이 확인되었으며, 쌍자엽식물 255종, 단자엽식물 89종, 양치식물 8종으로 분류되었다. 농경지유형별로는 논에서 55과 203종, 밭에서 49과 218종, 과수원에서 44과 115종, 도로변에서 48과 202종이 출현하였다. 본 조사를 통하여 논은 쑥과 고마리, 밭과 도로변은 쑥과 개망초, 과수원은 닭의장풀과 바랭이로 대표되며 농업생태계에서 출현율이 가장 높은 식물은 쑥으로 확인되었다. 또한, 출현식물 중 $C_4$식물은 8과 25속 38종으로 확인되었으며, 논, 과수원, 도로변에서는 $C_4$ 단자엽식물의 출현율이 높았으며 밭에서는 다른 농경지유형에 비해 쌍자엽식물의 출현빈도가 높았다. 이러한 $C_4$식물의 출현율 차이는 고온 건조한 우리나라 밭 주변 식물서식환경을 반영하고 있으며, 논과 과수원은 상대적으로 습윤한 미기후조건에서 건조조건이 아니라 온도조건에 의해 $C_4$ 단자엽식물이 분포하는 것으로 생각되었다. 또한 농업생태계를 대표하는 $C_4$식물 중 단자엽식물은 바랭이와 닭의장풀이며 쌍자엽식물은 개비름과 명아주로 확인되었다. 본 조사에서 총 47종의 귀화식물이 확인되었으며 토양의 수분환경조건이 상대적으로 건조한 밭과 도로변에서 많은 귀화식물이 출현하였다. 귀화식물 가운데 $C_4$ 식물은 비름속의 개비름과 털비름 2종으로 나타났으며, 단자엽식물은 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 농경지유형에 따른 대표적인 $C_4$식물의 분포특성이 확인되었으며 지구온난화로 인한 기온의 상승으로 고온에 적응성이 높은 $C_4$식물의 새로운 유입과 이미 유입된 종 가운데 농업생태계에 나쁜 영향을 미칠 수 있는 외래식물의 확산에 대한 장기적인 모니터링의 필요성을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2004

Cabbage plants were transformed with the potato proteinase inhibitor II (PINII) gene, bar gene, and hpt gene using Agrobacterium. The expression of the PINII gene was driven by its own promoter which was wound-inducible. Ten transgenic plants were obtained from medium containing hygromycin as a selection antibiotic. The integration and expression of PINII and bar genes were confirmed by Southern and Northern hybridization. Growth and development of diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae were examined on $T_1$ plants. The weight of the larvae and pupae of these two insects grown on transgenic plants was not different compared to those grown on wild type plants. However, the pupation and emergence rate of diamondback moths and tobacco cutworms fed on some transgenic plants was lower than on wild type plants. These results suggest that the PINII transgene under the control of a wound-induced promoter may be used for control of insects in transgenic cabbage through reduction of insect progeny number.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2001

Two successive in vitro experiments were carried out to examine the effect of MPS bacterial inoculation on growth, and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of maize plants under greenhouse condition in the same soil. There were four treatments, uninoculated control and three phosphate solubilizing bacterial inoculations, viz., Pseudomonas striata, Burkholderia cepacia and Serratia marcescens. The inoculated plants showed the higher plant height, total dry mass, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation when compared to uninoculated control plants in both experiments. In the combined data analysis from two experiments, the plants inoculated with P. striata and B. cepacia showed significantly higher plant height, total dry mass and P accumulation when compared to S. marcescens inoculated plant and uninoculated control plants. The P. striata and B. cepacia inoculation enhanced total dry matter accumulation by 14% and phosphorus accumulation by 25% over the uninoculated control plants. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of maize plants were also increased due to MPS bacterial inoculation, however, the effect was not significant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2007

Though higher plants car not metabolize D-amino acid, many prokaryotes and eukaryotes have the D-amino acid metabolism. Therefore, we transformed tobacco plants with D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), which can metabolize D-amino acid, and confirmed that transgenic tobacco plants might metabolize D-amino acid. Transgenic tobacco plants were survived a high concentration of D-serine, however non-transgenic plants were not grown on D-serine medium. From Southern and Northern blot analysis, transgenic tobacco plants selected on D-serine medium were confirmed by insert and expression of transgene. $T_{1}$ tobacco seeds derived $T_{0}$ tobacco plants selfing were grown on D-serine medium and showed normal phenotype compared to wild tobacco plants. Transgenic tobacco plants displayed the metabolic capability of D-serine. Therefore, we suggested that DAO is useful selectable marker gene for plant transformation.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.265-267
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• 2012

Sleeping blight was observed on soybean plants grown in Yanggu, Suwon and Geumsan from 2005 to 2011. Symptoms developed on stems and pods of affected soybean plants. Five fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased plants and identified as Septogloeum sojae based on their morphological, cultural and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity of the fungus was confirmed on soybean plants by artificial inoculation. This is the first report of S. sojae causing sleeping blight in soybean plants in Korea.