• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.525-532
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• 2000

A new spectroscopic method for pesticide residues detection on agricultural products was developed. The general determination methods are high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) or GC-mass spectrometry. They have provided relatively good detection limit and accuracy with complicated and time-consuming (5hrs above) procedures. In addition freshness is very important for evaluating qualities of agricultural products. This requires a simple and fast method for detection of pesticides. Reflectance, transmittance and fluorescence spectrometry of pesticides were tested using UV range because most of pesticides contain conjugation band in the molecular structures. Fluorescence spectrometry showed better sensitive to detect pesticide residues than did reflectance and transmittance spectrometry. Intensity and shape of fluorescence spectra showed different patterns with different structures of pesticides. Detection limit for fluorescence spectrometry was 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm depending on the structures of pesticides. Application of fluorescence spectrometry appears to be an easy method for detection of pesticide residues on agricultural products.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Actual pesticide usage in fruit vegetable cultivation was surveyed. Usage trend of in of vidual pesticides was evaluated to provide the data for the development of indicators of environmental impact and the production of safe agricultural products. The amount of the pesticides used for fruit vegetables was revealed in order of fungicide> insecticide> herbicide, showing that the portion of fungicide to the total amount used was about 70 to 80%. Main fungicides used on fruit vegetables were mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl propineb, etc while the insecticides were imidacloprid, milbemectin, methomyl, etc. Main formulation types of pesticide were wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate. By different fruit vegetables and cultivation patterns, pesticide use per unit area was revealed red pepper (field cultivation, 13.2kg/ha), cucumber (field cultivation, 12.4kg/ha), sweet melon (field cultivation, 11.2kg/ha) as high pesticide use crops, meanwhile, water melon (greenhouse cultivation, 1.2kg/ha), sweet melon (greenhouse cultivation, 2.2kg/ha), strawberry (field cultivation, 2.8kg/ha) as low pesticide use crops.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2005

The simultaneous or consecutive product analysis is needed for quality control because the various items are produced in pesticide manufacturer. This study was conducted to establish a multi-pesticide analysis making possible to analyze several active ingredients with one injection of mixed active ingredients under same instrument-condition in the cause of quality control with accuracy and speed. The test was conducted with 3 pesticides, iprobenfos 17%GR, isoprothiolane 12%GR, tebufenozide 20%SC and performed by GLC and HPLC. With the GLC method, 2 active ingredients of iprobenfos and isoprothiolane were analyzed but tebufenozide was not detective simultaneously. With the HPLC method, all of the active ingredients in those three pesticides were simultaneously analyzed in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2007

The study was carried out to establish buffer zone for the protection of the non-target organisms by aerial pesticide application. The two pesticide combination of 3-way tank-mixing of three pesticides for aerial application, ferimzone tricyclazole SC + BPMC EC + validamycin-A SL and hexaconzole EC + isoprothiolane EC+phenthoate EC were selected for the simultaneous control of key pests on paddy rice as blast, sheath blight, brown planthopper and moth. Aquatic organisms including killifish and loach in the paddy field and nearby water reservoirs were not affected by aerial application of the pesticides. However, all the water flea were killed, when they were exposed 10 m from the aerially sprayed site, while the water flea exposed in 30 m away from the site were not affected. Honeybees within 50 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite wind direction showed a mortality of $7{\sim}100%$. Residues concentration of the pesticides in paddy water were not detectable level after six days from aerial application. Drifting distance of aerially sprayed droplet from the target area was within 30 m in the wind direction and 20 m in the opposite direction. Consequently, it was the buffer zones in the aerial pesticides application for the protection of the non-target organisms should be at least 50 m for aquatic organisms and 100 m for honeybees.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2011

Monitoring of pesticide residues were conducted at three sites in the Southern Area of Seoul, Korea (Gang-nam, Gang-dong and Song-pa). We measured pesticide residues within soil samples using multi-pesticide residues analysis. Samples were collected at the three sites with 60 sampling spots. The amount of pesticide residues in the soil samples were as follows [(minimum-maximum), mg/kg] endosulfan 0.002-0.999, procymidone 0.002-1.200, diazinon 0.003-0.024, metalaxyl 0.012-0.075. In soil treated with 0.445 mg/kg of endosulfan, the pesticide absorbed by chamnamul, was 0.157 mg/kg (Absorption rate : 35.3%). However, in soil treated with 0.358 mg/kg of endosulfan, the pesticide absorbed by lettuce, was 0.004 mg/kg (Absorption rate : 1.1%).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of pesticide residues in 3,988 agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul from January to December in 2009. 3,988 samples comprising 109 types of agricultural products were assessed via a multiresidue method to detect 272 pesticides. Pesticide residues were detected in 25.6% (1,021 of 3,988 samples), and the rate at which the detected residues violated the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of the Korean Food Code was 2.2% (89 of 3,988 samples). The agricultural products which exceeded their maximum residue limits were leek, ginseng, welsh onion, crown daisy and lettuce (leaf). Additionally, the most frequently detected pesticide that exceeded the regulation maximum was endosulfan, procymidone, tolclofos-methyl, iprodione and flutolanil.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.136-141
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• 2013

Background: Occupational end users of pesticides may experience bodily absorption of the pesticide products they use, risking possible health effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a guide for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working in the field of agricultural health or other areas where occupational end use of pesticides and exposure issues are of interest. Methods: This paper characterizes the health effects of pesticide exposure, jobs associated with pesticide use, pesticide-related tasks, absorption of pesticides through the skin, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for reducing exposure. Conclusions: Although international and national efforts to reduce pesticide exposure through regulatory means should continue, it is difficult in the agricultural sector to implement engineering or system controls. It is clear that use of PPE does reduce dermal pesticide exposure but compliance among the majority of occupationally exposed pesticide end users appears to be poor. More research is needed on higher-order controls to reduce pesticide exposure and to understand the reasons for poor compliance with PPE and identify effective training methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to test the accuracy of self-reported information used in indirect estimation of pesticide exposure. Methods: To do so, self-reported values on the duration of pesticide application per day were compared with observed values. The number of days of pesticide application per year as recorded in self-administered logs was compared with recalled values. Results: It was found that participants underestimated the duration and frequency of actual pesticide use. High correlations were found between self-reported values and observed values, as well as between recalled values and recorded values. Conclusions: The reason might be that farmers unconsciously under-recall the application of pesticide since many customers prefer eco-friendly agricultural products. Farmers thought the task of applying pesticides to be essential, and this may explain why the participants in this study tended to accurately recall their pesticide-related work.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

In order to determine the residual characteristics of pesticides in fruits and their effects on human health, monitoring of pesticide residues were conducted in apples, peaches, pears, grapes and citrus from the major cultivation areas in 2010. Safeties of the pesticides detected from the fruits were evaluated using the amounts of pesticide residue detected and dietary risk index (DRI). Samples were taken from 4-5 major fruit cultivation areas and then pesticide residues in the test fruits were analyzed with a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mean residue levels of the pesticides in fruits were 0.001-0.144 mg/kg. The DRIs were 0.55 for apple, 0.066 for peach, 0.008 for pear, 0.025 for grape, and 0.37 for citrus, respectively. The results indicated that the amounts of pesticide residues in domestic fruits might be safe, considering the regulatory concerning level 1.0.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1792-1801
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• 2008

This study was to develope the pesticide-proof clothes(PPC) for fruit-grower which has been well known over applied agricultural chemicals. The ergonomic evaluation of PPC were tested in two ways. Male adults volunteered the tests to evaluate the safety to pesticide in the field and the thermal comforts in the climate-chamber($30^{\circ}C$, 60%R.H.). PPC were made of 4 different fabrics. Two of them were on the market(coated non-woven and coated nylon). Others were water-repellent treatment and coated waterproof film by developed polyester. The field study was conducted for farmers growing apples to evaluate pesticide exposure. In this experiment, we collected data with patch test on the head, chest, back, right upperarm, right forearm, left thigh and left calf. From the results, the developed PPC showed the more excellent comfort than an existing PPC with nylon coated polyurethane. But the developed PPC of water-repellent fabric was penetrated into the PPC. Therefore, we designed the functional pesticide-proof clothes of 2 different developed polyester fabrics(water-repellent treatment in chest, abdomen, the lower of back, waist, and calf; coated waterproof film in head, shoulder, the upper of back, the crotch, hip, upper arm and thigh).