• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2020

This study argues that expanding the multifunctionality of agriculture (MFA) may mitigate existing agricultural problems. To do that this study redefines the concept and scope of the MFA and presents practical tasks to achieve it. Theorizing the MFA begins with the theory of sustainability and first identifies the link between sustainability and MFA. Later, considering the limitations of the existing sustainability theories, we examined where the false linkages leading to the destruction of environmental and social relations originated, and employed the (Re)productivity [(Re)produktivitat] theory in order to obtain alternatives. Research shows that welfare effects of the MFA on humans and the environment are not less than those derived from the agricultural products supplied to the real market, but the values are not recognized. The absence of proper care and compensation is the basis of agricultural problems in Korea. Therefore, this study acknowledges that the MFA is as much worthy as real agricultural production, and insists that appropriate compensation and care should be given to humans (farmers) and nature (agricultural ecosystem) in order to maintain and expand the MFA. In other words, a virtuous cycle between sustainability and the MFA means that the process spreads sustainable farming methods to expand the MFA, forms social consensus on it, and pays fair remuneration for agriculture from the public sector. Transition to such a virtuous cycle requires re-establishing the definition and scope of the MFA, implementing targeting policy, motivating policy targets, strengthening human capacity, and arranging maturity time.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.238-249
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• 2015

Purpose: Fruit and vegetable production is a fast-growing sector in East Africa, and it bears considerable local and international market potential. In an effort to analyze the challenges within this sector and suggest possible solutions, this study reviews the postharvest handling technologies commonly used with fruits and vegetables in East Africa. Methods: During the course of this study, small-scale farmers were identified as the most prominent producers of fruit and vegetable crops in the region. Results: We found that many of these small-scale farmers employed relative simple and inexpensive techniques in handling their limited volumes of produce. Several factors could be addressed to reduce postharvest losses, including weak policies, inferior infrastructure, and poor market strategies. However, the lack of basic knowledge (including demographic, scientific, and economic knowledge) among the stakeholders (e.g., researchers, farmers, governments, nongovernment organizations, and merchants) on how to develop, implement, use, and sustain the recommended handling technologies is probably the most problematic. Conclusions: We recommend that high priority be placed on closing the knowledge gap, which could enhance the efforts of all the stakeholders to address and reduce postharvest losses.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

The main purpose of the research is to suggest a new business model of direct distribution of organic agricultural products cultivated in suburban area. To secure competitiveness, logistics cost reduction is important through direct transaction of organic agricultural products cultivated on suburban area. The research addresses food safety, farmers' income and unemployment issues with Eco-M business model. The research methods include investigation on the followings: current domestic agriculture; related problems on the existing literature reviews; the current status of suburban agriculture; specialty store of eco-friendly agricultural products. Eco-M business model can solve various problems of suburban agriculture supply system, challenges of organic farming specialty stores, unemployment issues, and difficulties of processing verticalization. Future research should include followings. First, there should be comparative analysis between businesses of environment-friendly specialty stores through suburban agriculture and producer's agriculture connected with organic farming market. Second, it is required to develop strategy of environment-friendly specialty stores. Finally, analysis of the potential of Sextic industries is necessary throughout production-process-service process.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2020

One of the main challenges receiving much attention in the Rwandan agriculture and food industry in recent decades is the increases in maize prices. Indeed, a rise in maize prices causes higher living expenses for households because maize, which is a major staple food crop, constitutes a significant share of total food consumption among households in Rwanda. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of integration and how prices are transmitted between retail and wholesale markets of domestic maize in Rwanda. This study used monthly data of retail and wholesale prices of maize from January 1995 to December 2019. This empirical investigation was based on a linear cointegration approach and an asymmetric error correction model framework. Using the augmented dickey-fuller residual-based test and the Johansen Maximum Likelihood cointegration test, the results revealed that the retail and wholesale markets of maize are integrated. Hence, prices in these markets do not drift apart in the long run. The results of the Granger causality test revealed that there is a unidirectional causal relationship flowing from wholesale prices to retail prices, i.e., wholesale prices influence retail prices. Accordingly, the results from the asymmetric error correction model confirmed the presence of a positive asymmetric price transmission between wholesale and retail prices of maize in Rwanda. Thus, we suggest that policymakers take a critical look at the causes and factors that may influence asymmetry price transmission.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2014

Agriculture in Bangladesh is slowly transforming to the production of high-value fruit and vegetable crops to satisfy the nutrient requirements of their large size population, and this transformation is creating new challenges as regards improving and maintaining the productivity and crop quality. The country has a declining trend of insect pollinators due to habitat loss, land use changes, monoculture-dominated agriculture, and the excessive and indiscriminate use of pesticides. Such pollinator deficiencies can cause reduced yields, thereby threatening the subsistence of marginal farmers. In Bangladesh, growers enjoy free pollination services from the naturally occurring insect populations. While honeybees pollinate mustard, onions, and melons, many other hymenopterans, coleopterans, hemipterans, dipterans, and thysanopterans also visit the crop fields, making these insects significant for the food security, environment, and economy of the nation. Therefore, attention should be given to public policy, research, and human resource development that promotes knowledge and appreciation of the conservation and utilization of insect pollinators.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2019

Recently rural healing tourism has been attracting tourists' interest in relieving mental stress and restoring physical daily life with nature-friendly experience. The purpose of this study is to explore the urgent problems and challenges of rural healing tourism by conducting focus group interview(FGI) with experts. Fourteen experts were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. From the interview data, six themes were identified for direction of healing tourism development. The results of the study are as follows; The area of rural healing tourism can be explained within the framework of health tourism. As for the difference between rural tourism and healing tourism, rural tourism is expected to enhance physical and mental relaxation, daily restoration, and health promotion if rural tourism expects the understanding and experience of agricultural and rural life, and educational effect. The core components of rural healing tourism were operators' expertise, program with rurality, ecological environment, and storytelling. The findings of this paper implicate the underlying dimension of rural healing tourism from a experts' perspective.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2022

Because of human population growth, longer lifespans, and climate change, there is growing concern around world to produce enough food and feed. Insects are regarded as an alternative with high potential because the production of insects demands limited amounts of water and land, and they can add value to low-value by-products. Insects have high levels of crude protein, lipids and minerals. The relative amount of protein can vary substantially, with crude protein content ranging from 23% to 76%, depending on insect species. Their amino acid composition is good and protein digestibility is high. Insect to be a significant sustainable source as a replacement of ingredients such as soya or fishmeal in the feeds of terrestrial livestock or fish. This review provides an overview of nutritional value of insect in animal feed and challenges required to develop a sustainable, safe, and affordable insect farming industry.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the methodology for applying digital twin technology to pumping station, identify the factors to be determined at each stage, and present its applicability. When analyzing the requirements for developing a digital twin for pumping station, they were categorized into service requirements, IoT device requirements, and gateway requirements, with a total of 39 requirements established. In system design, it was structured according to the principles of modularity, abstraction, stepwise decomposition, and information hiding, allowing the implementation of planned items for diagnosis and operational management. There are difficulties in setting communication-related protocols and applying them in the field due to the complexity of overseeing the entire system with data. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of the system, and there are challenges in identifying the characteristics of individual facilities, such as pumps in pumping station, and fully incorporating them into the system process. Thus, the framework of the initial design is crucial for implementing a digital twin.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.147-163
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• 1994

Agricultural extension programs in Korea had focused mainly on increased production, and the biggest pride of extension was the achievement of rice self-sufficency in 1970s and abundant vegetable and animal production in 1980s. Farming in Korea has changed rapidly in recent years and extension system on commercialized crops have not been satisfactorily developed to mete farmers` demands. Facing the emerging challenges of international competition and trade liberalization for agricultural commodities, the goals of extension should be focused on increased income and the welfare of coral communities. The transfering of agricultural extension educator from central government jobs to local ones has emerged recently under the trends of localization which resulted unstable job environment of extension educator. Intensive pre-service and in-service training of extension workers on current and advanced techologies are essential to upgrade the quality of extension services, and the future directions for professional development of agricultural extension educators in Korea were suggested as follows: 1. Establishing a national network on agricultural extension system to promote exchanges of information among counties and provinces, to conduct meetings and to publish information on agricultural extension. 2. Determining the implications of recent national and global trends on agricultural extension, and strenthening communication at local, national and international levels for an effective extension system in the era of localization, internationalization and globalization; 3. Recognizing the effect of number and quality of extension staff on the impact of extension and providing opportunities development and advancement of extension personnel through education, training, incentives and rewards; 4. Giving a higher priority to agricultural extension in national policies in order to ensure the adequacy of budgetary support and recognition of importance of extension by the ministries concerned and mass communications.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2003

The study uses agricultural knowledge system theory to explore how traditional knowledge applies to the linkage system of agricultural research and extension in rural Korea. By agricultural knowledge system we emphasize the dynamic networks of actors, processes of negotiation, and the diverse ways in which knowledge is constructed and performed. The knowledge systems reflect the idea that the boundaries between knowledge groups are not closed and that there could be considerable overlap between knowledge system. The results of this study are the following : First, we should know that some extension agents clearly value farmer knowledge and try to facilitate farmer-to-farmer communication. Extension plays a significant role in the knowledge-creation process and shaping communities because knowledge processes are embedded in social processes that involve aspects of power, authority, and legitimization. Third, the constructions of agricultural knowledge systems thus include social interactions, communication, and the diverse processes individuals employ create, use, and evaluate multiple types and sources of information through the linkage between agricultural colleges and Rural Development Administration (RDA), establishing the research institution of research and extension linkage, exchange research agent with extension agent, and bottom-up approach. Second, we should know that the focus of traditional knowledge development is rural community development as a community process. Nowadays the sessions of the Intergovernmental Committee of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) cover two lines of inquiry, which are the use of existing standards of intellectual property for the protection of traditional knowledge and that of new legal standards, eventually in the from of sui generis mechanisms of protection.