• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1424-1431
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different amounts of wheat, as a partial or whole substitute for corn, on digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, serum metabolite contents and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle. Four Limousin${\times}$LuXi crossbred cattle with a body weight ($400{\pm}10kg$), fitted with permanent ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas, were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with four treatments: Control (100% corn), 33% wheat (33% substitution for corn), 67% wheat (67% substitution for corn), and 100% wheat (100% substitution for corn) on a dry matter basis. The results showed that replacing corn with increasing amounts of wheat increased the apparent digestibility values of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (p<0.05). While the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower with increasing amounts of wheat. Digestive enzyme activities of lipase, protease and amylase in the duodenum were higher with increasing wheat amounts (p<0.05), and showed similar results to those for the enzymes in the ileum except for amylase. Increased substitution of wheat for corn increased the serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (p<0.05). Ruminal pH was not different between those given only corn and those given 33% wheat. Increasing the substitution of wheat for corn increased the molar proportion of acetate and tended to increase the acetate-to-propionate ratio. Cattle fed 100% wheat tended to have the lowest ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration compared with control (p<0.05), whereas no differences were observed among the cattle fed 33% and 67% wheat. These findings indicate that wheat can be effectively used to replace corn in moderate amounts to meet the energy and fiber requirements of beef cattle.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.258-277
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• 2001

농협 연쇄점을 정보화로 인한 商的 유통의 합리화와 재고 집약형 대규모 물류센터의 다극화로 물적 유통 의 집약화가 이루어져 유통의 효율성을 높였고, 수송도 외부수주로 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 생활용품과 농산물의 배송방식은 각각 루트배송과 정시 일괄배송으로 상품의 특성에 따라 그 배송권이 형성되었다. 한편 상품 판매활동에 의한 공간적 특성은 답작농업의 발달과 서비스업 취업 정도에 따라 판매 상품류의 구성이 결정된다는 점이 밝혀졌다. 그러나 일상생왈 상품인 가공 식품류와 잡화류는 농협 연쇄점이 입지한 지역유형에 영향을 받지 않고 판매된다는 점이 규명되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1600-1605
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• 2007

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities and activities of antioxidant enzymes of weanling pigs. In the experiment, 24 male $Landrance{\times}Yorkshire $weanling pigs were allotted to three groups of 8 animals each. Pigs were fed individually. According to a single factorial arrangement, pigs received diets with 5% of either fresh (group 1 and group 3) or oxidized fish oil (peroxide value was 786.50 meq $O_2/kg$ before inclusion in the diet, group 2). At the beginning of the experiment, pigs in group 3 received an intraperitoneal injection of diquat at 12 mg/kg of body weight. The trial lasted for 26 d. A metabolism test was carried out during the last 4 days of the second week. The results showed that feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil or injection with diquat depressed the growth performance and nutrient digestibilities of weanling pigs, decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes and increased concentration of malondialdehyde in plasma and liver. Intraperitoneal injection of diquat would induce more serious oxidative stress than oral intake of oxidized fish oil in the diet. In conclusion, administration of oxidized fish oil or diquat could induce oxidative stress in weanling pigs, and oxidative stress could depress growth performance and impact anti-oxidative ability of young pigs.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2009

The in vitro antibacterial activities of honeybee(Apis mellifera. L) venom collected by a bee venom collector were investigated against several bacteria including antibiotic-susceptible and resistant Propionibacterium acnes. Honeybee venom was prepared with different concentrations and they showed strong antibacterial activites. Honeybee venom inhibited the growth of the tested antibiotic-resistant P. acnes at the concentration of 1 mg/ml. The inhibitory activities of the honeybee venom showed time-dependent manner. Honeybee venom did not influence the viability of human dermal fibroblast at the high concentration of less than 10 mg/ml. From these results, we expect that honeybee venom has strong antibacterial activities and has advantage for treating cure.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.171-186
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• 2023

This study aims to explore comprehensively the effects of a flower craft activity program focused on perceived stress, depression, and self-esteem of adult with mixed methods. The main results of this study are as follows. In the mixed analysis results, perceived stress was reduced by immersing oneself in completing one's own work through flower craft activities, as distracting thoughts in the head disappeared. In the case of depression, depression decreased in the relationship between group members who worked together to complete their own work through flower craft activities. In the case of self-esteem, it was analyzed that flower craft activities had the effect of increasing self-esteem through the satisfaction of the need for life and self-esteem. In future study, this suggests that the healing program applied based on this can be comprehensively reviewed, modified, and supplemented to reorganize it into a more effective flower craft activity program.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Mulberry (oddi) is one of the most popular functional foods with many physiological components. This study investigated and compared the nutritional compositions and physiological activities of four mulberry fruits from Morus albo L. including Cheongilppong, Iksuppong, Suwonppong and Cheongsuppong (a new cultivar from Chungcheongbuk-do). To analyze the nutrient contents, mulberry fruits were freeze-dried. The results showed that the proximate compositions of the four mulberry cultivars ranged from 9.61~14.11% for moisture, 8.28~11.90% for crude protein, 3.70~4.86% for crude ash, 4.28~5.54% for crude lipid and 7.46~10.78% for crude fiber. The above proximate contents of mulberry cultivars were not significantly different. However, Cheongsuppong had the highest content of reducing sugar, 74.7%. Chungsuppong and Iksuppong showed higher contents of total polyphenol and anthocyanin than other mulberry cultivars, while all mulberry cultivars showed high antioxidant activities. Hypoglycemic effect had a slightly higher level in Suwonppong and Cheongsuppong than in the other samples. Taken together, the new cultivar "Cheongsu" oddi can be suggested as a potential source of functional food.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2020

Beer production with rice or other malt substitutes suffers from a lack of suitable enzymes for saccharification. For this reason, rice nuruk (fermentation starter) was tested as a starch replacement for malt in the saccharification process of beer production. The results of this study show that the enzyme activities of rice nuruk made with brewing fungi were higher than those of malt. Saccharification and glucoamylase activities were high in Aspergillus awamori KCCM 30790 and α-amylase activity was high in Aspergillus oryzae CF1003. Overall, malt beer had significantly higher alcohol, pH, total acid, volatile acids, amino acids, free amino nitrogen, bitterness unit and ΔE than rice nuruk beer. Where as Aspergillus awamori KCCM 30790 beer had significantly higher soluble solids, reducing sugar than malt beer. According to a sensory evaluation, malt beer was better color, flavor and Aspergillus oryzae CF1003 beer was better taste, texture, overall acceptability than other beer. Therefore Aspergillus awamori KCCM 30790 beer was suitable considering enzyme activities (saccharification, glucoalmylase) and physicochemical characteristics (soluble solids, reducing sugar). And then Aspergillus oryzae CF1003 beer was suitable considering sensory evaluation (taste, texture, overall acceptability). Therefore rice nuruk like Aspergillus awamori KCCM 30790 and Aspergillus oryzae CF1003 were suitable as a substitute material that can replace for malt in beer proceccing.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2018

We investigated the pollination activity of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in terms of different climatic conditions in the greenhouse cultivation of watermelons (Citrullus lanatus L.) during winter. The aim of the study was to search a climatic condition which effectively can be use honeybees as pollinators during the flowering season of watermelons in winter or early spring. The average climatic conditions inside the greenhouse during the bee activity time (BAT)-between 10:00 and 16:00 in mid-Februarywere a temperature of $30.4^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 53.7%, illuminance level of 22,728.4lx, and UV level of $0.233mW/cm^2$. Bee traffic and foraging activity were at their greatest at 10:00 and tended to decrease with time. Male watermelon flowers typically dehisced between 10:00 and 12:00. Climatic conditions were significantly correlated with bee activities, including bee traffic and foraging activity. Bee activities were positively correlated with temperature, illuminance level, and UV level but negatively correlated with relative humidity. Temperature had the greatest effect on honeybee behavior. Among the foraging honeybees, the number of high-flying bees that did not pollinate flowers showed a strong positive correlation with temperature, and the number of bees landing on the flowers showed a positive correlation with the UV level. The temperature range inside greenhouses at which the pollination activities of honeybees can be maintained efficiently during winter watermelon pollination was found to be $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Panax polysaccharides are biopolymers that are isolated and purified from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of Panax L. plants, which have attracted considerable attention because of their immunomodulatory activities. In this paper, the composition and structural characteristics of purified polysaccharides are reviewed. Moreover, the immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides are described both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, Panax polysaccharides exert immunomodulatory functions mainly by activating macrophages, dendritic cells, and the complement system. In vivo, Panax polysaccharides can increase the immune organ indices and stimulate lymphocytes. In addition, this paper also discusses the membrane receptors and various signalling pathways of immune cells. Panax polysaccharides have many beneficial therapeutic effects, including enhancing or activating the immune response, and may be helpful in treating cancer, sepsis, osteoporosis, and other conditions. Panax polysaccharides have the potential for use in the development of novel therapeutic agents or adjuvants with beneficial immunomodulatory properties.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.163-180
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• 1990

The objective of this study was to investigate the time used for daily activities by rural housewives. This study was carried out two aspects-the amount and the distribution of time. However, the characteristics of agriculture and the farming season influenced on rural housewives activities. There fore, in this study, survey areas divided into two groups-the traditional and the commercial agricultural area. And I conducted surveys in two times-the busy farming season and the leisure season for farmers. Data for 286 housewives(76 in traditional area on the leisure season, and 68 in commercial 142 in traditional area on the busy farming season)were collected by interviews, in which wives were asked to recall the used of time on the previous day, and a time record chart broken into fifteen minute intervals. The statistics for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, and F-test by SPSS PC programs. The findings are as follows; 1)The average total time of rural housewives on labour was 8 hours 53 minutes, on socio-cultural activities 4 hours 18 minutes, and on physiological activities 11 hours 2 minutes. 2) The amount of time on agricultural labour was 6 hours 47 minutes in busy farming season, and 2 hour 45 minutes in leisure season. 3) The average time on household labour was 3 hours 51 minutes. 4) The amount of time on socioculture activities was 2 hours 19 minutes in busy farming, and 6 hours 16 minutes in leisure season. 5) The average time on physiological activities was 11 hours 2 minutes.