• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.72-74
• /
• 2001

Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cells were cultivated for the production of murine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) in both a stirred tank bioreactor and an airlift bioreactor with draft tube. Cell growth and mGM-CSF production in the airlift bioreactor were found to be better than those achieved in the stirred tank bioreactor. In the airlift bioreactor, 9.0g/L of cells and 2.2ng/mL of mGM-CSF were obtained (11.0g/L and 2.4ng/mL, respectively in shake flasks). Although the lag period was prolonged and mGM-CSF production was lowered by 33% in the stirred thank bioreactor as compared to the control culture, the maximum cell density was increased up to 12.0g/L due to better mixing by agitation at the higher cell density.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.70-86
• /
• 2015

Short crested waves play an important role for planning and design of harbours. In this context a numerical simulation is carried out to evaluate wave tranquility inside a real harbour located in east coast of India. The annual offshore wave climate proximity to harbour site is established using Wave Model (WAM) hindcast wave data. The deep water waves are transformed to harbour front using a Near Shore spectral Wave model (NSW). A directional analysis is carried out to determine the probable incident wave directions towards the harbour. Most critical threshold wave height and wave period is chosen for normal operating conditions using exceedence probability analysis. Irregular random waves from various directions are generated confirming to Pierson Moskowitz spectrum at 20m water depth. Wave incident into inner harbor through harbor entrance is performed using Boussinesq Wave model (BW). Wave disturbance experienced inside the harbour and at various berths are analysed. The paper discusses the progresses took place in short wave modeling and it demonstrates application of wave climate for the evaluation of harbor tranquility using various types of wave models.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.354-365
• /
• 1993

A novel control method with automatic tuning of PID controller parameters has been developed for efficient regulation of dissolved oxygen concentration in fed-batch fermentations of Escherichia coli. Agitation speed and oxygen partial pressure in the inlet gas stream were chosen to be the manipulated variables. A heuristic reasoning allowed improved tuning decisions from the supervision of control performance indices and it coule obviate the needs for process assumptions or disturbance patterns. The control input consisted of feedback and feedforword parts. The feedback part was determined by PID control and the feedforward part is determined from the feed rate. The proportional gain was updated on-line by a set of heuristics rules based on the supervision of three performance indices. These indices were output error covariance, the average value of output error, and input covariance, which were calculated on-line using a moving window. The integral and derivative time constants were determined from the period of output response. The specific growth rate was maintained at a low level to avoid acetic acid accumulation and thus to achieve a high cell density. The specific growthe rate was estimated from the carbon dioxide evolution rate. In fed-batch fermentation, the simutaneous control of dissolved oxygen concentration (at 0.2; fraction of saturated value) and specific growth rate (at 0.25$hr^{-1}$) was satisfactory for the entire culture period in spite of the changes in the feed rate and the switching of control input.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.507-513
• /
• 2000

고지혈증 치료제인 lovastatin을 Aspergillus terreus로부터 생산하기 위해 발효조 배양설험에서 교반속도와 pH에 대한 영향올 조사하였다. 최적 교반속도는 400 rpm이었고 pH는 5.8로 유지하였을 때 lovastatin 생산이 최대였으며, 교반속도 보다 pH가 lovastatin 생산에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 L-tryptop뼈n과 L-histi빼le의 첨가시기에 따른 lovastatin 생산량을 실험한 결과, 둘다 발효초기부터 첨가하여 배양하 는 것이 효과적이었다 L-tryptophan을 발효초기에 첨가한 최 적배지와 최적 환경조건인 교반속도 400 rpm, pH 5.8에서 회 분식 배양을 수행한 결과 기본배지를 이용하여 실험한 배양 결과보다 약 10배 정도 많은 836 mg/L이었고, 생산성은 3.5 mg/L.hr였다

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 1995

This study aims 1) To explicate the multidimensional structure of a widely used measure of subjective well-being, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center(PGC) Morale Scale is used to measure health in elderly populations and 2) To examine the relationship between the socioeconomic status and related variables, health and physical disability and subjective well-being in elderly populations. The selection of subjects was determined through a survey of 672 rural dwelling elderly persons(269 males and 403 females) aged 60 years and over. The respondents were interviewed by 18 trained health workers using the questionnaire from July 4 to July 9 in 1994. The subjects were surveyed again during the period from August 1 to August 6 in 1994 to conform the questionnaire's reliability. Subjective well-being was evaluated using the Revised Questionnaire of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center(PGC) Moral Scale(17 items, Lawton, 1975). The results are as follows : 1) The item scores were intercorrelated and subjected to a principal component analysis. A rotated three-factor solution was done, accounting for 40.9% of the total variance. Thus, the PGC morale Scale can be derived from three stable factors : Factor 1 was explained "Lonely Dissatisfaction(7 items)", Factor 2 was explained "Agitation (5 items)", Factor 3 was explained "Attitude Towards Own Aging (5 items)". Further, these factors have a high degree of internal consistency, as determined by Cronbach's alpha : 0.7852. 2) The total mean score of PGC Morale Scale was 8.73. Sex, Age, Education, Current disease, Family type, Economic status, ADL, IADL were significantly difference in mean scores of PGC morale scale. 3) In the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis of subjective well-being. the most contributing factors were economic status, IADL, current disease, family type, sex and the R square was 0.23.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 2001

The wide deep penetrating wound of maxillofacial region should be early closed under emergency general anesthesia for the prevention of complications of bleeding, infection, shock & residual scars. But, if the emergency general anesthesia wound be impossible because of pneumoconiosis, obstructive pulmonary disease & hypovolemic shock, early primary closure should be done under local anesthesia by use of much amount of the anesthetic solution. The maximum dose of dental lidocaine (2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine) is reported to 7 mg/kg under 500 mg (13.8 ampules) in normal adult. But the maximum permissible dose of dental lidocaine can be changed owing to the general health, rapidity of injection, resorption, distribution & excretion of the drug. The blood level of overdose toxicity is above $4.0{\mu}g/ml$ in central nervous & cardiovascular system. The injection of dental lidocaine 1-4 ampules is attained to the blood level of $1{\mu}g/ml$ in normal healthy adult. The duration of anesthetic action in the dental 2% lidocaine hydrochloride with 1 : 100.000 epinephrine is 45 to 75 minutes and the period to elimination is about 2 to 4 hours. Therefore, authors selected the following anesthetic methods that the first injection of 6 ampules is applied into the deeper periosteal layer for anesthetic action during 1 hour, the second injection into the deeper muscle & fascial layer, the third injection into the superficial muscle and fascial layer, the fourth injection into the proximal skin & subcutaneous tissue and the fifth final injection into the distal skin & subcutaneous tissue. The total 26-28 ampules of dental lidocaine were injected into the wound as the regular time interval during 5-6 hours, but there were no systemic complications, such as, agitation, talkativeness, convulsion and specific change of vital signs and consciousness.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.49-68
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Recently, the elderly population and dementia prevalence have been rapidly increasing in Korea. Dementia is a concept of syndrome composed of characteristic symptoms. However, there have been no approved treatments for dementia with proven efficacy. Therefore, we investigated Korean traditional treatment being used in clinic and collaborative practice for dementia in the professional group. Methods : We conducted a survey using questionnaires to professors of oriental neuropsychiatry for a month. Items of the questionnaire consisted of overall Korean traditional medical treatment for dementia, which included herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, psychotherapy and others. Results : 1. It was shown that Yukmijihwangtanggamibang, Jowiseungcheongtang, Seonghyangjeonggisan have been used the most in herbal medicine. 2. Chechim, Saamchimbeop, and scalp acupuncture have been used the most in acupuncture treatment. 3. In Korean traditional psychotherapy, Ijeongbyeongi, Jieongoronyobeop, Gigongyobeop have been used, and effective in anxiety, agitation, improvement of comprehension for caregiver and environment. 4. Most professors answered that collaborative practice between Korean traditional medicine and western medicine has been needed for dementia. They suggested that herbal medicine, followed by acupuncture, and moxibustion can be used with western medicine simultaneously. Conclusions : The survey revealed that professors use herbal medicine and acupuncture as main treatments for dementia. They share perspective regarding the need of long period to treat dementia patients, and there are needs of collaborative practice for dementia.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권11호
• /
• pp.1617-1622
• /
• 2009

차가버섯의 균사체 생장과 세포외 다당체 생산을 위한 최적의 배양조건을 조사하고, 세포내 외 다당체의 항보체 활성과 대식세포의 lysosomal enzyme 활성을 관찰하였다. 균사체 생장과 세포외 다당체 생산을 위한 최적 pH, 온도, 및 교반속도는 각각 5.5, $25^{\circ}C$, 150 rpm으로 나타났으며, 배양기간은 11일째 최대 균사체 생장(10.89 g/l)과 세포외다당체 생산(1.25 g/l)을 보였다. 항보체 활성은 세포내 외 다당체의 처리 농도가 높을수록 활성이 증가함을 보였고, 대식세포의 lysosomal enzyme 활성은 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 음성대조군에 비해 세포내 다당체는 약 2.2배, 세포외 다당체는 약 2배 정도 증가하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권9호
• /
• pp.1238-1249
• /
• 2023

In this study, we sought to investigate the production and optimization of biosurfactants by soil fungi isolated from petroleum oil-contaminated soil in Saudi Arabia. Forty-four fungal isolates were isolated from ten petroleum oil-contaminated soil samples. All isolates were identified using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and biosurfactant screening showed that thirty-nine of the isolates were positive. Aspergillus niger SA1 was the highest biosurfactant producer, demonstrating surface tension, drop collapsing, oil displacement, and an emulsification index (E₂₄) of 35.8 mN/m, 0.55 cm, 6.7 cm, and 70%, respectively. This isolate was therefore selected for biosurfactant optimization using the Fit Group model. The biosurfactant yield was increased 1.22 times higher than in the nonoptimized medium (8.02 g/l) under conditions of pH 6, temperature 35℃, waste frying oil (5.5 g), agitation rate of 200 rpm, and an incubation period of 7 days. Model significance and fitness analysis had an RMSE score of 0.852 and a p-value of 0.0016. The biosurfactant activities were surface tension (35.8 mN/m), drop collapsing (0.7 cm), oil displacement (4.5 cm), and E₂₄ (65.0%). The time course of biosurfactant production was a growth-associated phase. The main outputs of the mathematical model for biomass yield were Yx/s (1.18), and µ_max (0.0306) for biosurfactant yield was Y_p/s (1.87) and Y_p/x (2.51); for waste frying oil consumption the So was 55 g/l, and Ke was 2.56. To verify the model's accuracy, percentage errors between biomass and biosurfactant yields were determined by experimental work and calculated using model equations. The average error of biomass yield was 2.68%, and the average error percentage of biosurfactant yield was 3.39%.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.92-96
• /
• 2004

사료원료로 활용이 기대되는 육계 내장 사일리지의 $25^{\circ}C$ 저장 중 설탕 첨가에 따른 pH와 가금류와 관련된 주요 병원 성균인 Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp.와 지표균인 E. coli의 성장 변화를 조사하였다. 설탕을 0%와 1% 첨가한 시료는 저장 2일째부터 pH가 높아지기 시작하였지만 3, 4와 5% 시료는 저장 0일째에서 4일째까지 5.2에서 4.0으로 급속하게 감소하였다. 그 이후 조사된 9일째까지 pH는 일정한 수준으로 유지되었다. 시료의 Campylobacter spp.는 일반적인 미생물 성장곡선을 보여주었다. 설탕이 0% 첨가된 시료의 Campylobacter spp.의 수는 4일째에서 8.21 log CFU/mL이었던 반면 3과 5% 시료는 각각 7.56과 7.38 log CFU/mL로 나타났다. Campylobacter spp.는 설탕 농도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향이었다. 저장 중 0% 시료의 Salmonella spp. 수는 5.8∼6.8 log CFU/mL 사이로 나타났지만 3과 5% 시료에서는 저장 후 2일까지는 6.8∼7.0에서 나타난 후 매우 급하게 감소하여 4일부터 조사한 8일 동안 균이 검출되지 않았다. 초기시료의 E. coli는 5.8 log CFU/mL이었다. 설탕이 첨가되지 않은 시료에서는 2일째까지 감소하다가 이후부터는 log 4.0∼5.0 CFU/mL 사이로 나타났지만 3과 5% 시료의 E. coli 수는 매우 급격히 감소하여 2일째 이후부터 저장기간 8일 동안 검출되지 않았다. 육계 내부장기 사일리지에 설탕을 첨가함으로써 가금류와 관련된 주요 병원성균인 Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp.와 지표균인 E. coli 성장이 현저히 감소되어 안정성이 확인된 육계 내부장기 사일리지의 사료 원료화 가능성이 증진되었다.표면 단백질에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 생각된다.다.y facilitated during the re-cooling period. The lipolysis of that at 30℃ was much enhanced with agitation. The lipolysis was much higher when agitated at 30℃ than when agitated at 10℃. The length of agitation time at 30℃ didn't give any effect on lipolysis. 산양유 원유의 지방분해에 미치는 온도활성화 및 교반의 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 산양유 원유는 2회에 걸친 온도활성화 처리에서 1차 온도활성화 직후 유리지방산 함량이 가장 많이 증가하였으며, 1차 온도활성화 이후의 재 냉각기간이나 2차 온도활성화 시에는 유리지방산 증가량이 높지 않았다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에 가온 하였을 때 10℃나 40℃에 가온한 경우와 비교하여 재 냉각기간 중 지방분해가 가장 촉진되었다. 산양유의 지방분해 정도는 24시간 예냉 한 후 30℃에서 5분간 가온 처리한 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 40℃에 가온한 처리구는 예냉 기간에 관계없이 유리지방산 함량의 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에서 5분간 가온 처리한 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 40℃에 가온한 처리구는 예냉 기간에 관계없이 유리지방산 함량의 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에서 가온처리와 교반 처리를 함께 하였을 때 가온 처리만을 한 경우 보다 지방분해가 더욱 촉진되었으며, 30℃에서 교반 처리를 행한 경우가 10℃에서 교반 처리를 행한 경우 보다 지방분해가 더욱 촉진되었다. 산양유 원유는 30℃에서 교반 처리 시간이 연장되어도 지방분해는 뚜렷한 증가를 나타내지 않았다.와 표준체중군 여자에게서 가장 높게 나타났다. 5.