• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

The effect of solution agitation on the copper electroless deposition process of ULSI (ultra large scale integration) interconnections was investigated by using physical, electrochemical and electrical techniques. It was found that proper solution agitation was effective to obtain superconformal copper configuration within the trenches of $130{\sim}80nm$ width. The transition of open potential during electroless deposition process showed that solution agitation induced compact structure of copper deposits by suppressing mass transfer of cuprous ions toward substrate. Also, the specific resistivity of copper layers was lowered by increasing agitation speed, which made the deposited copper particles smaller. Considering both copper deposit configuration and electric property, around 500 rpm of solution agitation was the most suitable for the homogeneous electroless copper filling within the ultra-fine patterns.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2012

Object : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy for Agitation(Byun-jo) caused by cerebral infarction. Methods : One patient was admitted who was suffering from insomnia, chest discomfort, anxiety, palpitation of Agitation(Byun-jo), after cerebral infarction. In the point of Differentiation of Syndromes(辨證), we diagnosed this patient as Excessive heat-fire syndrome of stroke(中風火熱證) and treated with Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy at CV17, BL15, GB20. Results : After Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy, symtoms of Agitation(Byun-jo) were improved remarkably, and the score of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) were decreased. Conclusions : Hwangryunhaedok-tang herbal-acupuncture therapy has meaningful effect on the symptoms of Agitation(Byun-jo) caused by cerebral infarction and more researches should be followed.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data about agitation in patients with dementia by surveying the literature. Method: Key words used for search through hand-search and electronic database (CINHAL, Pubmed, Google scholar, Riss, Kiss, DBpia) included 'dementia', 'Alzheimer disease', 'agitation', 'aggression or aggressive behavior', 'problem or disruptive behavior', and 'abnormal behavior.' Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria for the Meta-analysis and 'R' version 3.2.2 was used to analyze the correlated effect size. Results: Study results showed that variables related to agitation were identified as the demographic (age, gender), dementia-related (cognition, medication uses), physical (Activity of Daily Living [ADL], pain), psychological (depression, psychotic symptom, caregiver burden) and environmental (psychosocial environment) factors. The effect size between the correlated variables and agitation were low to moderate (caregiver burden .36; ADL -.24; psychotic symptom and depression .21; pain .19; cognition -.15; medication uses .12; and psychosocial environment -.12). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, strategies to improve patients' depressive and psychotic symptoms and ADL and to reduce caregivers' burden are needed for prevention and management of agitation in patients with dementia.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

The unstirred water layer (UWL), which has been known to exist in the boundary of the intestinal lumen and intestinal wall, often behaves as an absorption barrier especially for lipophilic drugs. The intestinal absorption of drugs is often characterized using Caco-2 cell monolayers grown on Transwell polycarbonate membranes. The permeability $(P_{app})$ of drugs across the cell monolayer might be influenced by the agitation of the donor compartment, since the width of UWL on the surface of the cell monolayer would be reduced by the agitation. In this study, the effect of agitation of the donor compartment with 60 rpm on the permeability was measured for 12 drugs with a wide range of lipophilicity and permeability. The $P_{app}$ of mannitol, tributylmethyl ammonium, cimetidine, ranitidine, hydrocortisone, benzylpenicillin and loxoprofen was not influenced by the agitation, while the $P_{app}$ of theophylline, propranolol, YH439, phenylpropanolamine and testosterone was increased by the agitation. There was a significant correlation between the increase of $P_{app}$ by agitation and the lipophilicity for the compounds having $P_{app}>2{\times}10^{-5}$ cm/sec. No correlation was observed for the difference in $P_{app}$ by agitation and the molecular weight, or lipophilicity of the drugs. Therefore, the agitation rate of the donor compartment in the Caco-2 cell monolayer study should be carefully controlled in order to estimate $P_{app}$ reproducibly especially for lipophilic drugs.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to report the effect of Korean medicine and acupuncture in jaw tremor with Agitation. We studied two inpatients who had jaw tremor with agitation in the OO University Korean medicine hospital. They was treated with acupuncture (LU8, LR4, HT3, LR2) and herbal medicine. The effect of treatment was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and motor examination of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRSIII). Both VAS of jaw tremor symptom and agitation and UPDRSIII score of tremor were decreased. The result suggest the combination treatment of herbal medicine and acupuncture might be effective for the jaw tremor with agitation.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of aromatherapy on agitation in patients with dementia using a meta-analysis and systemic literature review. Methods: The EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and other databases were searched up to November 2017. Results: Of 419 publications identified, 12 met inclusion criteria, and 9 studies were used to estimate the effect size of aromatherapy. A total of 837 participants across all studies were included. The commonly applied methods were massage (50%), type of oil lavender (75%), and instrument Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (75%). A medium effect size of aromatherapy on agitation was identified (d=-0.56, $I^2=65.0%$, p=.001). The massage group has lower effect size than the other group (d=-0.98, $I^2=0.0%$, p=.001). Conclusion: Aromatherapy appears to be effective in improving agitation in patients with dementia. However, further studies for home-dwelling patients with dementia and with different types of aroma oil should be conducted in the future. In addition, research with well-designed are needed to assess the effects or aromatherapy on agitation.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.725-728
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• 2000

The effects of agitation rate and agitation time on the synthesis of sphingosome were studied. As increase in the agitation rates 4,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000 and 12,000 rpm the viscosity of sphingosome were decreased. The most sufficient agitation rate was 8,000rpm for which micell viscosity and stability. The effect of agitation time on the sphingosome viscosity and stability was investigated by changing the agitation times 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 minute at 8,000rpm. 4 minute was the most sufficient for the viscosity and stability. The sphingolipid activity of cutaneous wound healing in impaired mice was examined. As a result, we could prove that phytosphingosine-HCl medically worked on wound healing well. For the phytosphingosine-HCl, it was found that the experimentally determined medical action more effective than that of tetra-acetylphytosphingosine.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1994

Effect of ultrasonic agitation on the contact properties was studied in Ni electroless plating and Pd activation. P-type Si bare wafers were used as substrate and DMAB was used as reducing agent due to its good electrical properties, solderability and compatibility to substrate. In activation, high density Pd nuclei of small size were formed during ultra-sonic agitation compared to that of no stirring. In electroless plating, the plating rate was enhanced by 30∼90% by using ultrasonic agitation. In elecrtoless plating, inhibitor is the most effective additives in ultrasonic agitation. In this experi-ment, thiourea was used as inhibitor. The less the amount of the inhibitor, the more ultrasonic agitation efficiency. It is confirmed by SEM that Ni-B films formed by ultrasonic were coarser, less porous, and denser than those of no stirring. In ultrasonic agitation, boron content of the films was more than those of no stirring. In this case, the more DMAB concentration, the higher the temperature, the less pH, the more boron content. Resistivity of the films formed by ultrasonic agitation was higher than that of no strirring. As the content of boron was increased, the resistivity of the films was increased exponentially.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2001

Effect of ultrasonic agitation on Pd catalyst treatment was studied in metallization of ceramic boards by Cu electroless plating method.96% $Al_{2}$$O_{3}$ ceramic boards were used as substrate. In this study, the ultrasonic frequency of 28kHz was applied. In Pd catalyst, high density Pd nuclei of small size were formed during ultrasonic agitation. Density of Pd was more improved when using of ultrasonic then no stirring. In electroless plating, plating rate was in the range of 0.6~1.8$\mu\textrm{m}$/hr, which value increased with Rochelle Salts addition. Adhesion strength between ceramic boards and Cu layer was improved of 20% when using ultrasonic agitation at $30^{\circ}C$ ,5min.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.334-337
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• 2000

Extracellular polysaccharide was produced by Pseudomonas elodea NK-2000 under nitrogen limitation and aerobic condition, The effect of agiatation speed on cell growth and production of exopolymer was investigated. The agitation speed of 7.5 L fermentor ranged from 200 to 500 rpm. Production of exopolymer increased with higher agitation speed. Maximal cell growth and production of exopolymer from 2% glucose were 3.35 g/l and 3.80 g/l, respectively when agitation speed was 400 rpm.