• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.365-374
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find out the differences in between national and private medical institutions' perception towards aging, and to analyze how their different perceptions effect each of their later life preparation. A total of 783 questionnaires were distributed among national and private medical institution workers. Frequency analysis, t-test, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted from the collected data via SPSS 21.0. The results were the following. Firstly, there was a partial difference in their perception of aging, government policy satisfaction and later life preparation. National medical institutions were better than private medical institutions in all three terms. Also, perception of aging and government policy satisfaction were higher-than-average in both institutions, but in later life preparation, both scored lower-than-average. Secondly, the factors affecting preparation for aging were significantly different between these two institutions. Also, how each factors affected later life preparation was partially different. In conclusion, effects of factor was difference in aging preparation between national and private medical institutions workers. We need to provide as basic data for education and policy making for aging preparation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.524-529
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• 2017

The effect of strain aging on the tensile properties of API X70 linepipe steel was investigated in this study. The API X70 linepipe steel was fabricated by controlled rolling and accelerated cooling processes, and the microstructure was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes and electron backscatter diffraction. Strain aging tests consisting of 1 % pre-strain and thermal aging at $200^{\circ}C$ and $250^{\circ}C$ were conducted to simulate U-forming, O-forming, Expansion(UOE) pipe forming and anti-corrosion coating processes. The API X70 linepipe steel was composed of polygonal ferrite, acicular ferrite, granular bainite, and bainitic ferrite whose volume fraction was dependent on the chemical composition and process conditions. As the thermal aging temperature increased, the steel specimens showed more clearly discontinuous type yielding behavior in the tensile stress-strain curve due to the formation of a Cottrell atmosphere. After pre-strain and thermal aging, the yield and tensile strengths increased and the yield-to-tensile strength ratio decreased because yielding and aging behaviors significantly affected work hardening. On the other hand, uniform and total elongations decreased after pre-strain and thermal aging since dislocation gliding was restricted by increased dislocation density after a 1 % pre-strain.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2A
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

The dynamic properties of lead rubber bearings, which are used as isolator, are dependent on the main rubber's dynamic behaviors and nonlinear qualities. Rubber materials tend to undergo an aging process under the influence of mechanical or environmental factors, so they can end up inevitably facing damage. A main cause of such aging is known to be oxidization, which occurs through the heat of reaction at high temperatures. Accordingly, in this study an accelerated thermal aging test was carried out in order to compare the characteristic values of the bearings with each other before and after thermal aging occurs. As a result of this experiment, it was found that a thermal aging phenomenon could have an effect on shear stiffness, energy absorption, and equivalent damping coefficients. Furthermore, a decline in the dynamic properties of the lead rubber bearings by means of the thermal aging process was applied to an actual bridge and the effects of such thermal aging on the seismic performance of the bridge were also compared and analyzed based on numerical analysis. As a result of this analysis, it was found that the changes in the basic properties of the lead rubber bearings have a minor effect on the seismic performance of bridges.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.773-788
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in nutrient intake according to the level of self-perception of health status, aging status and life satisfaction of the rural elderly. The factors for the study were surveyed by interview method. The subjects were 270 people(71 male, 129 female) aged over 65 years(73.5 $\pm$ 5.6ys) in the Ham-an area. The obtained results as follows : By evaluation of self-perception of health status, 57.5% of subjects answered they are in a bad health condition. The 91.5% of subjects had diseases(rheumatitis & arthritis 31.4%, cardiovascular disease 20.2%, gastric disease 10.2%). The women had more diseases than the men(p < 0.01). The subjects took medical treatment in private hospital(40.5%) and public health centers(35.0%). The men showed better level of aging status(p < 0.001) and life satisfaction index(p < 0.01) than the worsen. Living with spouse influenced the aging status(p < 0.05) and the more pocket money influenced life satisfaction(p < 0.05) and aging status(p < 0.05). The elderly who eat regularly 3 times a day(p < 0.05) and have a good appetite(p < 0.001) appeared to have positive effect on the self perception of health status and aging status. An increasing level of the self-perception of health status and regular exercise worked to improve aging status(p < 0.001). The habits of smoking and alcohol drinking, however had no effect on any index. The self-perception of health status affected the nutrient intake, but only in female elderly. The aging status and the life satisfaction index related overall positively to the intake of nutrients. In conclusion, the study shows that gender did influence nutrient intake in the elderly. The women who live alone rated lowest in social resources and health condition therefore their nutrient intake was also extremely in deficit. For successful aging, a program for rural elderly is needed, i.e. actions to provide minimum economic life, food delivery and psychological/physical health care through regional public health centers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.256-256
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• 2016

기존의 디스플레이 기슬은 마스크를 통해 특정 부분에만 유기재료를 증착시키는 방법을 사용하였으나, 기판의 크기가 커짐에 따라 공정조건에 제약이 발생하였다. 이를 해결하기 위해 최근 용액 공정에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 용액 공정은 기존 진공 증착 방식과 비교하였을 때 상온, 대기압에서 증착이 가능하며 경제적이고, 대면적 균일 증착에 유리하다는 장점이 있다. 반면, 용액 공정으로 제작한 소자는 시간이 지남에 따라 점차 전기적 특성이 변하는 aging effect를 보인다. Aging effect는 용액에 포함된 C기와 OH기 기반의 불순물의 영향으로 시간의 경과에 따라서 문턱전압, subthreshold swing 및 mobility 등의 전기적 특성이 변하는 현상으로 고품질의 박막을 형성하기 위해서는 고온의 열처리가 필요하다. 지금까지 고품질 박막 형성을 위한 열처리는 퍼니스 (furnace) 장비에서 주로 이루어졌는데, 시간이 오래 걸리고, 상대적으로 고온 공정이기 때문에 유리, 종이, 플라스틱과 같은 다양한 기판에 적용하기 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서도 열처리가 가능한 microwave irradiation (MWI) 방법을 이용하여 solution-processed InGaZnO TFT를 제작하였고, 기존의 열처리 방식인 furnace로 열처리한 TFT 소자와 aging effect를 비교하였다. 먼저, solution-processed IGZO TFT를 제작하기 위해 p type Si 기판을 열산화시켜서 100 nm의 SiO2 게이트 산화막을 성장시켰고, 스핀코팅 방법으로 a-IGZO 채널층을 형성하였다. 증착후 열처리를 위하여 1000 W의 마이크로웨이브 출력으로 15분간 MWI를 실시하여 a-IGZO TFT를 제작하였고, 비교를 위하여 furnace N2 gas 분위기에서 $600^{\circ}C$로 30분간 열처리한 TFT를 준비하였다. 제작된 직후의 TFT 특성을 평가한 결과, MWI 열처리한 소자가 퍼니스 열처리한 소자보다 높은 이동도, 낮은 subthreshold swing (SS)과 히스테리시스 전압을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 한편, aging effect를 평가하기 위하여 제작 후에 30일 동안의 특성변화를 측정한 결과, MWI 열처리 소자는 30일 동안 문턱치 전압(VTH)의 변화량 ${\Delta}VTH=3.18[V]$ 변화되었지만, furnace 열처리 소자는 ${\Delta}VTH=8.56[V]$로 큰 변화가 있었다. 다음으로 SS의 변화량은 MWI 열처리 소자가 ${\Delta}SS=106.85[mV/dec]$인 반면에 퍼니스 열처리 소자는 ${\Delta}SS=299.2[mV/dec]$이었다. 그리고 전하 트래핑에 의해서 발생하는 게이트 히스테리시스 전압의 변화량은 MWI 열처리 소자에서 ${\Delta}V=0.5[V]$이었지만, 퍼니스 열처리 소자에서 ${\Delta}V=5.8[V]$의 큰 수치를 보였다. 결과적으로 MWI 열처리 방식이 퍼니스 열처리 방식보다 소자의 성능이 우수할 뿐만 아니라 aging effect가 개선된 것을 확인할 수 있었고 차세대 디스플레이 공정에 있어서 전기적, 화학적 특성을 개선하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

This study has investigated the effect of aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al-xZn(x = 1.5, 2.5) alloys fabricated by the squeeze casting process. The microstructures of as-squeeze cast were composed of pro-eutectic ${\alpha}$, super saturated ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$ compound. Aged at both $200^{\circ}C$ and $240^{\circ}C$, Mg-6Al-xZn alloys showed the peak hardness due to the formation of ${\beta}(Mg_{17}Al_{12})$ precipitates. The discontinuous precipitates of the lamella type are predominant at $200^{\circ}C$ aging treatment, while the finely dispersed continuous precipitates were dominant at $240^{\circ}C$ aging treatment. Mg-6Al-xZn alloys fabricated by the squeeze casting process had the better combination of tensile strength and elongation compared to the conventionally cast alloys. As zinc contents increased, the tensile strength was increased by the solid solution strengthening effect of zinc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.335-338
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• 2003

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process has been widely used to planarize dielectric layers, which can be applied to the integrated circuits for sub-micron technology. Despite the increased use of CMP process, it is difficult to accomplish the global planarization of in the defect-free inter-layer dielectrics (ILD). Especially, defects such as micro-scratch lead to severe circuit failure which affect yield. CMP slurries can contain particles exceeding $1\;{\mu}m$ in size, which could cause micro-scratch on the wafer surface. In this paper, we have studied aging effect the of CMP sin as a function of particle size. We prepared and compared the self-developed silica slurry by adding of abrasives before and after annealing. As our preliminary experiment results, we could be obtained the relatively stable slurry characteristics comparable to original silica slurry in the slurry aging effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.12-14
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• 2003

As the integrated circuit device shrinks to the smaller dimension, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). process was required for the global planarization of inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer with free-defect. However, as the IMD layer gets thinner, micro-scratches are becoming as major defects. Micro-scratches are generated by agglomerated slurry, solidified and attached slurry in pipe line of slurry supply system. It is well known that the presence of hard and larger size particles in the CMP slurries increases the defect density and surface roughness of the polished wafers. In this paper, we have studied. aging effect the of CMP slurry as a function of particle size. We prepared and compared the self-developed silica slurry by adding of abrasives before and after annealing. As our preliminary experiment results, we could be obtained the relatively stable slurry characteristics comparable to original silica slurry in the slurry aging effect.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.117-138
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• 2003

Reactive oxygen species are capable of damaging biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which can not only lead to various diseases, but also oxidative damage resulting aging. In our previous study, Cercis chinensis (Leguminosae) showed a potent antioxidant activity. Nineteen compounds were isolated through antioxidant activity-guided fractionation. The C. chinensis extract and some of the constituents exhibited a potent antioxidant activity on the free radicals and lipid peroxidation and a notable protective effect on the t-BuOOH induced oxidative damage. In vivo test of skin damage induced by UVB irradiation, the extract of C. chinensis and a constituent, piceatannol, exhibited a significant protective effect. The life-span of the HEK-N/F cells were extended by 1.21-2.12 fold as a result of the continuous administration of 3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of the C. chinensis extract and the active constituents compared to that of the control. These observations were attributed to the inhibitory effect of the C. chinensis extract and its constituents on the age-dependent shortening of the telomere. Thus, C. chinensis was demonstrated to protect the skin cells against oxidative stress and inhibit thereby the cellular aging, followed by expectation as antiaging cosmetic ingredient.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.37-40
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• 2003

As the integrated circuit device shrinks to the smaller dimension, the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process was required for the global planarization of inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer with free-defect. However, as the IMD layer gets thinner, micro-scratches are becoming as major defects. Micro-scratches are generated by agglomerated slurry, solidified and attached slurry in pipe line of slurry supply system. It is well known that the presence of hard and larger size particles in the CMP slurries increases the defect density and surface roughness of the polished wafers. In this paper, we have studied aging effect the of CMP slurry as a function of particle size. We prepared and compared the self-developed silica slurry by adding of abrasives before and after annealing. As our preliminary experiment results, we could be obtained the relatively stable slurry characteristics comparable to original silica slurry in the slurry aging effect.