• 정신신체의학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2001

연구목적: 심혈관질환이 주요한 사인을 차지하면서 혈청 지질에 대한 관심이 점점 높아지는 추세이다. 혈청 지질 농도와 심리적 특성 사이의 관련성에 대한 많은 보고가 있었지만, 일관된 결론은 내리지 못한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 청소년을 대상으로 그 동안의 연구를 통해서 지적되어온 충동성, 공격성, 우울성과 혈청 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 농도 사이의 관련성을 조사하였다. 방법: 고등학교 1 학년생을 대상으로 2000년 5월에서 6월 사이에 실시하였으며, 이 가운데 혈청 지질 농도에 제외시키는 배제 기준을 통과한 407명을 연구에 포함시켜 조사하였다. 위하여 Barratt 충동성 척도(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, BIS)를 사용하였으며, 공격성 검사는 Buss-Durkee 공격성 척도 (Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, BDHD를 사용하였고, 우울성 검사는 Beck 우울 척도(Beck Depression Inventory, BDI)를 사용하였다. 혈액 검사를 통하여 혈청 지질 농도 및 전혈 계산, 전해질 검사 간기능 검사, 혈당 검사 등을 실시하였고, 소변 건사도 병행 실시하였다. 결과: 1) 저콜레스테롤 집단은 고콜레스테롤 집단에 비하여 여성에서 BIS 총점이 의미 있게 높았으며, BIS 하위척도 분석에서는 운동 충동성이 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2) 고중성지방 집단은 저중성지방 집단에 비하여 남녀 모두에게 BDI 점수가 있게 높았으며, 또한 남성에서는 BIS 총점도 유의미하게 높았고, BIS 하위척도 분석에서는 역시 운동 충동성이 의미 있게 높았다. 결론: 이 연구의 결과는 혈청 지질 농도가 심리적 특성과 관련이 있으며, 특히 충동성 및 우울성이 밀접하게 관련된다는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 청소년 자신의 문제행동에 대한 평가와 부모의 평가가 서로 어떻게 다른지와 각자의 평가에 영향을 주는 변인들을 비교하였다. 일반청소년 3271명을 대상으로 청소년 자신이 평가한 YSR과 부모가 평가하는 K-CBCL을 동시에 실시 한 후 두 평가척도에 공통되는 문항들만으로 요인분석을 실시한 결과 K-CBCL에서는 제1요인으로 공격성/비행요인이 전체변량의 14.08%를 설명하였고 이와 함께 신체적 증상, 사회적 위축, 소란/방해, 우울/불안 등 5개의 요인이 추출되었으며, YSR에서는 제1요인으로 우울/불안/위축요인이 전체변량의 14.23%를 설명하였고 이와 함께 공격성, 신체적 증상, 소란/방해, 인정욕구 등 5개의 요인이 추출되었다. K-CBCL과 YSR의 총 문제행동 점수 평가에 영향을 주는 변인들을 살펴보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 부모의 평가와 청소년 평가에서 공통적으로 부모, 친구 등 사회적 관계가 나쁠수록, 학업수행이 나쁠수록 총 문제행동 점수가 높았다. 반면에 청소년 자신의 평가에서는 성, 연령이 중요한 기준이 되며 특히 보고하는 문제유형이 성별에 따라 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 부모가 자녀의 문제행동을 평가하는 경우 공격성이나 비행 등과 같이 외현적으로 드러난 행동문제가 중요한 기준이 되는 반면, 청소년 자신이 평가하는 경우 우울/불안/위축 등 내재화된 문제 정도를 최우선적으로 자각하게 된다는 점을 시사하며 이에 따른 청소년 평가 및 진단에서의 시사점을 논의하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2935-2940
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• 2016

Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer diagnosed among women worldwide and also in Thailand. Estrogen and estrogen receptors exert important roles in its genesis and progression. Several cytokines have been reported to be involved in the microenvironment that promotes distant metastasis via modulation of immune and inflammatory responses to tumor cells. Estrogen receptor genetic polymorphisms and several cytokines have been reported to be associated with breast cancer susceptibility and aggressiveness. To investigate roles of genetic polymorphisms in estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and interleukin 6 (IL6), breast cancer patients and control subjects were recruited from the Division of Head, Neck and Breast Surgery (Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand). Polymorphisms in ESR1 (rs3798577) and IL6 (rs1800795 and rs1800797) were evaluated by real-time PCR in 391 breast cancer patients and 79 healthy controls. Associations between genetic polymorphisms and clinicopathological data were determined. There was no association between genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility. However the ESR1 rs3798577 CT genotype was associated with presence of lymphovascular invasion (OR=2.07, 95%CI 1.20-3.56, p=0.009) when compared to the TT genotype. IL6 rs1800795 CC genotype was associated with presence of extranodal extension (OR= 2.30, 95%CI 1.23-4.31, p=0.009) when compared to the GG genotype. Survival analysis showed that IL6 rs1800797 AG or AA genotypes were associated with lower disease-free survival. These findings indicate that polymorphisms in ESR1 and IL6 contribute to aggressiveness of breast cancer and may be used to identify high risk patients.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2009

저장장치를 다단계로 구성하여 효율적으로 많은 사용자의 요청을 동시에 처리하는 다단계 저장장치의 활용은 점차 늘어나고 있다. 저장 장치가 다단계로 발전하여, 매우 많은 데이타를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있게 되었으나, 디스크에 접근하기 위한 단계가 늘어남으로써 성능이 저하되는 문제가 발생한다. 현재까지는 메모리와 프로세스에 비해 느린 디스크 접근 속도를 완충하기 위해 선반입 정책이 매우 효과적이었다. 그러나 기존의 선반입 기법은 대부분 다단계로 구성된 저장장치는 고려하지 않기 때문에 다단계 저장장치에서 기존의 선반입 기법을 사용할 경우 큰 성능향상을 기대 할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 네트워크로 연결된 다단계 저장장치에서 상위 레벨의 선반입 기법에 의존하지 않는, 넓은 용도로 사용할 수 있는, Prefetching Strategy for Multi-level Storage system(PMS)라 칭하는 하위 레벨 선반입 기법을 제안하였다. 이는 시스템의 사용자, 어플리케이션 혹은 상위 시스템과 독립적으로 동작하기 때문에 단지 하위 시스템의 선반입 정책으로 적용함으로써 쉽게 높은 성능을 사용할 수 있다. 또한 PMS 정책의 성능을 측정하기 위해 본 연구에서는 실제 시스템을 정교하게 흉내 내는 시뮬레이터를 개발하여 널리 쓰이는 두가지 트레이스를 이용한 서로 다른 32가지의 실험을 하였고, 기존의 선반입 정책을 하위 레벨에 적용한 시스템에 비해 PMS 정책을 하위 레벨에 적용할 경우, 모든 경우에서 성능향상을 확인 할 수 있었고, 최대 35%, 평균 16.56%의 평균 응답시간이 좋아짐을 보였다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제31회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.180-186
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• 2000

Friction materials with four different sizes of zircon - l${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 140${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$- were investigated to evaluate the size effects of abrasive particles used in the automotive brake pads on brake performance. Although the brake pads with the largest size of zircon showed a good frictional stability and low wear, rotors were severely abraded due to the aggressiveness of coarse Bircon. As the siBe of zircon decreased. friction force and the amplitude of friction coefficient increased. Considering the above results, abrasive materials were thought to destroy transfer film and the extent of the destruction depends on the size of zircon. The small size zircon was not effective in developing a transfer layer on the rotor surface while minimizing the damage on the counter surface.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

Cathepsin D is a protease which is known to facilitate invasion and metastasis of breast carcinoma. Overexpression of cathepsin D is associated with poor clinical outcome and biologic aggressiveness of the breast cancer. We underwent immunocytochemical assay(ICA) for cathepsin D in fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) specimens from the breast carcinoma and benign breast diseases. In FNAC specimens cathepsin D was expressed in 21(42.9%) out of 49 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, whereas negative result was observed in all 15 cases of benign breast diseases including 7 fibroadenomas, 6 fibrocystic diseases, and 2 benign ductal hyperplasias. Among the 11 FNAC specimens from ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), cathepsin D was expressed in 3 cases(27.3%). In FNAC specimens immunocytochemistry for cathepsin D showed positive result in 24 out of 60 carcinomas(sensitivity, 40%) and negative result in 15 out of all 15 benign breast diseases(specificity, 100%). No significant correlation was noted between cathepsin D expression in FNAC specimen and clinicohistological characteristics of the breast carcinoma, such as hormone receptors and cell differentiation. In conclusion, ICA of cathepsin D in FNAC specimens thought to be a good adjunct to differentiate malignancy from benign breast diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2207-2212
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• 2013

Cancer prevention is rapidly emerging as a major strategy to reduce cancer mortality. In the field of breast cancer, significant strides have recently been made in the understanding of underlying preventive mechanisms. Currently, three major strategies have been linked to an increase in breast cancer risk: obesity, lack of physical exercise, and high levels of saturated dietary fat. As a result, prevention strategies for breast cancer are usually centered on these lifestyle factors. Unfortunately, there remains controversy regarding epidemiological studies that seek to determine the benefit of these lifestyle changes. We have identified crucial mechanisms that may help clarify these conflicting studies. For example, recent reports with olive oil have demonstrated that it may influence crucial transcription factors and reduce breast tumor aggressiveness by targeting HER2. Similarly, physical exercise reduces sex hormone levels, which may help protect against breast cancer. Obesity promotes tumor cell growth and cell survival through upregulation of leptin and insulin-like growth factors. This review seeks to discuss these underlying mechanisms, and more behind the three major prevention strategies, as a means of understanding how breast cancer can be prevented.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to develop the parenting style scale which is reflecting cultural background of Korean parent's parenting for their children. The instalment was designed based on the literature reviews and on the Baumrind's parenting style. A total of three hundred and sixty two mothers whose children from first and second grade in elementary school completed the Questionnaires. The questionnaires consisted with the items addressing different types of parenting style which include love and care, encouragement of independence, enjoyment in parenting, communication, control, control of aggressiveness, strategies of control , request of maturity. Factor of analysis was applied to examine validity of Korean parenting style scale. Based on the factor analysis, 33 items selected for final questionnaire and two factors discovered. The first factor which named 'warmth'included 20 items such as love and care toward their children, communication, enjoyment in parenting, encouragement toward independency. The second factor which named'control'included 13 items such as control of children's behavior and discipline of children. Warmth factor accounted for 46% of variance and control factor accounted for 18% of variance. Internal consistency was also checked. Although warmth and control factor represented a moderate internal consistency, control factor showed lower correlations then warmth factor. The reliability estimates (Cronbach alpha) were. 87 and 71 for warmth and control factor respectively. Korean parenting style scale can be used to address the appropriateness of Baumrind's theoretical assumptions in parenting style as well as to examine parenting style for Korean population. However, this instalment was developed with Korean mothers only. Further analysis need to be addressed with fathers.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2009

This study examines how parenting behavior and abuse experience in childhood and temperaments affect problem behavior by sex as it relates to undergraduates. The subject of this research is 220 undergraduates (males, 94; females, 126) attending universities located in Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires during class. According to the results, when parenting behavior experienced in childhood is negative, abuse experience is more frequent, the emotional characteristics of the subject's temperaments are negative, activity is higher, sociability is lower, and problem behaviors such as social withdrawal, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and obsession are more prevalent. Moreover, for male students, the chief factors explaining their problem behavior are their father's lack of supervision, physical violence, their mother's excessive interference and irrational parenting behavior, and the temperaments of excessive worrying, high activity, and low sociability. In the cases of female students, the primary variables affecting their problem behavior are negative emotional temperaments, low sociability temperaments, their father's low affection, excessive interference, too rational explanation, and their mother's inconsistent parenting behavior.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.252-261
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the daily stress and stress coping behavior of elementary school children. The subjects for this study were 372 children fourth, fifth and sixth graders from an elementary school in Pusan. We adopted Won - Joo Chung's research instrument (1997) for measuring stress and coping behavior in this study. Statistical techniques such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, order, and Pearson correlation were used to examine the research questions of this study. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The most common instance of stress to be experienced by all children was the stress from school life, followed by social pressures, individual pressures and family environment. 2. A positive revaluation was the most commonly used stress-coping behavior, followed by behavioral mood conversion, spiritual support, problem-facing behavior, an information search for problem-solving, physical separation for emotional relaxation, avoidance, emotional aggressiveness and emotional expression. 3. Stress-coping behavior had a positive and significant correlation with the stress score(r = .4391, p= .000). In conclusion, the stress from school life was the most common experienced by all children. While independent effort in problem-solving was unsufficient, stress coping behavior had positive results. Therefore, this study verified the necessity of minimizing the stress children experience from school life and of helping them attain desirable stress-coping behaviors.