• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제25권1_2호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2007

In this work, optimal harvesting policy for the predator-prey system of three species with age-dependent and diffusion is discussed. Existence and uniqueness of non-negative solution to the system are investigated by using the fixed point theorem. The existence of optimal control strategy is discussed and optimality conditions are obtained. Our results extend some known criteria.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2017

Background: Smoking cessation is the most powerful intervention to modify progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and nicotine dependence is one of the most important determinants of success or failure in smoking cessation. We evaluated nicotine dependence status and investigated factors associated with moderate to high nicotine dependence in patients with COPD. Methods: We included 53 current smokers with COPD in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease II cohort enrolled between January 2014 and March 2016. Nicotine dependence was measured by using Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). Cognitive function was assessed by Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The median FTND score was 3, and 32 patients (60%) had moderate to high nicotine dependence. The median smoking amount was 44 pack-years, which was not related to nicotine dependence. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high education status (odds ratio, 1.286; 95% confidence interval, 1.036-1.596; p=0.023), age <70 (odds ratio, 6.407; 95% confidence interval, 1.376-29.830; p=0.018), and mild to moderate airflow obstruction (odds ratio, 6.969; 95% confidence interval, 1.388-34.998; p=0.018) were related to moderate to high nicotine dependence. Conclusion: Nicotine dependence does not correlate with smoking amount, but with education level, age, and severity of airflow obstruction. Physicians should provide different strategies of smoking cessation intervention for current smokers with COPD according to their education levels, age, and severity of airflow obstruction.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-101
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• 1995

This study is to analyze dwelling environmental planning in old age of middle age. For this purpose. the data were collected by using questionnaire distributed to 332. The data were analyzed by Chisquare test. The major findings of this research were as follow: 1. In housing plan of old age. they prefer new house .that is not exisiting house. independent house and ordindry housing region in the suburbs of urban. 2. It is 69.3～99 square meter what size of house is suitable for independent life of aged person for living with children. it is 102.3～132 square meter. 3. In the stage of independent or semi-independent life. they want aged couple-independent life. In the stage of dependent life. they want to be cared with children. 4. The garden(madang) is the most important space for age couple in establishing housing plan. They want to amplity life recuperation center and job providing facilities. In old age housing project. they prefer housing type with facility that combine old age house with young age house. According to increasement of dependence. the service support system required flexi-care-system.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.667-681
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify the effects of age and sex on adolescent's psychological characteristics-egocentrism, self-consciousness, body cathexis and clothing behaviors and 2) to identify the effects of psychological characteristics on clothing behaviors in each of the 6 groups classified by sex and age. Egocentrism was measured by Kim's Imaginary Audience Scale, and body cathexis, by the modified record and Jourard"s Body Cathexis Scale. Buss's Self-Consciousness Scale was slightly modified to assess public and private self-consciousness, and five aspects of clothing behavior were assessed with the questionnaires from the previous studies. The questionnaire were administered to 713 middle and high school boys and girls, and college students living in Seoul. Data were analyzed by frequency, factor Analysis, two-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Four factors of egocentrism were identified : Potency, Appearance/populatity, Sympathy and Justice. Four factors of clothing behavior were Clothing exhibition/dressing for others, Clothing interest, Psychological dependence, and Clothing conformity. 2) Sex and age were found to have effects on psychological variables and clothing behaviors of adolescence. Females showed higher egocentrism, self- consciousness, clothing behaviors, but lower body cathexis than males. The mean scores of egocentrism, self-consciousness, clothing behaviors tended to increase with age. However, high school boys showed unique tendency, as they showed higher scores in those variables than the other two age groups. 3) Egocentrism (Appearance/populality factor) and public self- consciousness were the most influencial variables on adolescent's clothing behavior among psychological characteristics. Private self-consciousness was found to be an important variable in explaining Psychological dependence.ence.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.333-342
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Perception of self anp Clothing Interest, and to determine the difference of Clothing interest and Perception of self by the demographic variables. Perception of self was measured with Perception of self test from Choi's Perceptual Orientation Scale. Appearance, Clothing comfort, Fashion, Psychological dependence, Clothing economics were measured with items from Gurel's Study and Creekmore's for method of measuring clothing variables, items were drawn from preceding measures and, slightly modified. Data were affected from 305 purposively selectee! elderly women over sixty dwelling in Seoul by means of interview and questionnaire. For statistical analyses, frequency distribution, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple Range test, Pearson's Correlation coefficients were used. The results were as follows; 1. The three groups classified, by Perception of self were Positively Correlated to Appearance, Fashion and Psychological dependence. 2. There was partially significant difference between clothing interest and demographic variables. Education and socioeconomic status affected Psychological dependence. Demographic variables not affected Clothing comfort. 3. There was partially significant difference between Perception of self and demographic variables. Age, education, marital status and socioeconomic status affected Perception of Self. 4. There was partially significant relationships among subscales of the Clothing interest. Appearance was positively correlated to clothing comfort, Fashion and Psychological dependence, clothing comfort was positively correlated to Appearance, Psychological dependence. Fashion was positively correlated to Appearance, Clothing comfort and, Psychological dependence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.579-582
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• 2013

Background: In this study our aim was to determine the rate of smoking in a sample of psychiatric in-patients with diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression and to examine factors related to smoking status and the level of dependence in this population. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 people were included in this descriptive study. 80 were inpatients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression and 80 people without any psychiatric diagnoses were included as a control group. The participants were interviewed face-to face using a semi-structured questionnaire and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence was used to define smoking habits. Results: The mean age of the participants was $37.24{\pm}12.19$ years ranging from 18 to 81 years, 54.4% of the participants were (n=87) female, and 45.6% cases (n=73) were male. 70% (n=56) of the patients and 55% of the control group were smoking and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). Total score of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence in the patient group was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.01). Conclusions: In our sample, the frequency of cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence among psychiatric inpatients was high, posing a high risk for smoking related diseases including cancers; therefore there should be counseling on tobacco control and smoking cessation programming targeting this population.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2017

스마트폰의 사용은 청소년뿐만 아니라 장, 노년층에서도 일상의 한 부분이 되고 있는 것에 비해 이들을 대상으로 한 스마트폰 과의존 관련 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서, 본 연구는 전국의 장 노년층을 대상으로 스마트폰 과의존과 관련된 변인들을 탐색하기 위해 인구사회학적 변인, 스마트폰 사용 양, 스마트폰 사용 유형과 심리 정서적 변인이 장 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 한국정보화진흥원의 2016년 인터넷 과의존 실태조사 자료 중 50대와 60대에 해당하는 5627명의 자료를 분석하였다. 위계적 다중회귀분석 결과, 스마트폰 주중사용횟수, 주말 사용횟수, 주중사용시간이 많을수록 그리고 정보추구와 게임을 위한 스마트폰 사용이 증가할수록 스마트폰 과의존이 높았다. 반면, 오락추구와 커뮤니케이션 유형은 스마트폰 과의존에 영향을 미치지 못했다. 또한, 외로움과 불안이 증가할수록 스마트폰 과의존이 증가한 반면, 사회적 자본이 클수록 스마트폰 과의존이 낮았다. 본 연구를 통해 장, 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존과 관련된 특성들을 이해하고, 이러한 지식을 장, 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존 문제를 해결하는데 활용할 필요가 있다. 향후 연구에서는 장, 노년층의 스마트폰 과의존에 영향을 미치는 예측변인들 간의 인과관계에 대한 가설검증도 필요해 보인다.

• 복식
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• 제26권
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• pp.49-67
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between demographic and psychological variables and clothing behavior with reference to sex difference in adult and elderly groups. The clothing behavior was measured by Clothing importance, Interest, Conformity, Modesty, Psychological dependence, Aesthetics, Management, Fashion, and Clothing satis-faction. Psychological variables in this study were self-esteem and life-satisfaction, and demographic variables were sex, education, family type, health, and clothing expenditure. The hypotheses set up in this study were as follows : First, a causal relationship will exist between demographic and psychological variables and clothing behavior in both adult and elderly groups. Second, in clothing behavior a main effect will exist between male and female groups and between adult and elderly groups. Third, in clothing behavior and interaction effect will exist between sex and age. The subjects of this study were 496 adult males, 459 elderly males, and 446 elderly females residing in Pusan area. The material used in this study to measure the clothing behavior was a 5-point rating scale with 31 items in 9 sub-areas developed by the author. The data were collected by five investigatiors well trained in interview before-hand. The following conclusions were obtained from the relults and discussions of this study : First, sex, education, and clothing expendi-ture has a causal relationship with clothing behavior in adult group. Females, higher-educated group, and the group with more clothing expenditure reveal higher concern for clothing. In adult group life-satisfaction does not have any causal relationship with clothing behavior in general execpt for clothing satis-to Psychological dependence, Aesthetics, Management, and Clothing satisfaction in the group. Second, in elderly group sex, education, and health significantly contribute to clothing behavior. A cencern for clothing is higher in female, higher-educated group, and the group with higher perception in health. Self-esteem has a causal relationship with Clothing importance, Conformity, Management, and Clothing satisfaction, whereas life-satisfaction has a strong causal relationship with clothing behavior in general. Third, in both adult and elderly groups a sig-nificant sex diference exists in clothing behavior. Females show higher concern for Clothing importance, Interest, Psychological dependence, Aesthetics, Management, and Fashion than males. On the other hand, males reveal higher concern for Conformity and Clothing satisfaction than females. Fourth, a significant interaction effect exists between age and sex, while elderly females show lower concern for Clothing importance, Interest, and Psychological dependence than adult females, elderly males show higher concern for the same sub-areas of clothing behavior than adult males. This signifies the increase of the concern for clothing in elderly males with the decrease of social activities. Fifth, adult female group reveals lower Con-formity in clothing compared with the other groups, which signifies the higher individuality in clothing behavior. On the other hand, the elderly groups show significantly higher Conformity than the adult groups. this signifies the importance of the consideration for the variables other than individuality in clothing behavior for the group.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1983

This study was undertaken to explore the relationships between the personality characteristics (the rigidity and the acceptance of self and others) and the clothing behaviors according to the age and the occupation. The results were as follows; 1. In the clothing behavior, the subjects scored highest in aesthetics followed by comfort, modesty, management, dependence, interest, attention and approval in a descending order. 2. There was no significant relationship between the acceptance and the rigidity characteristics. 3. There was a highly significant relationship between the personality characteristics and the clothing behaviors. 4. There were significant differences in the rigidity characteristics and in modesty, comfort, management clothing variables according to the age. 5. There were significant differences in self-acceptance, rigidity characteristics and in management clothing variable according to the occupational status. 6. No significant interactions was found between age and occupation on personality characteristics and clothing behaviors.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2017

미국 대통령 예선은 선거인단이 시차를 두고 여러 회에 걸쳐 진행되는 특징이 있음에도 많은 연구가 진행되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 자기로지스틱 모형을 통해 미국 대통령 예비선거 결과와 사회경제적 변수간의 시공간 의존성의 관계를 파악하고자 한다. 2016년 데이터에 적용한 분석결과 각 카운티의 노년층, 흑인, 여성 그리고 히스패닉 인구 비율이 높은 지역일수록 힐러리 클린턴을 지지할 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 주변 카운티에서 많은 지지를 받은 후보가 이웃 지역에서도 많이 지지를 받을 확률이 높고 이전 선거에서 많은 지지를 받는 것과 다음 선거 지역의 결과 간의 상관관계도 확인되었다. 시공간 의존성을 알아보기 위한 모형 중에서 슈퍼화요일의 선거 결과가 이후 선거와 관련이 있다고 가정한 모형의 설명력이 가장 높은 것으로 판명되었다.