• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to have better data and to make efficient clinical reviews on pre-school children's growth based on two measurements; Body composition for measuring body volume and bone age for potential growth. Methods : The study was conducted with 221 children(118 of boys and 103 of girls) from three kindergartens. Body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, bone age was measured by bone density through ultrasonic image of calcaneus. Results and Conclusions : 1. The higher level on weight or BMI, the more averages of soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat. 2. The average bone ages and bone age-chronological age were lower in under 50 percentile's group, but it was higher in upper 50 percentile's group. Also, children with high BMI had older in bone ages and bone age-chronological age. 3. The higher in height percentile based on the bone age; there were more soft lean mass. 4. The averages of bone age and bone age-chronological age were significantly decreased, the more percentiles of height according to bone age were big, they were higher than total average in under 50 percentile's group of height, lower than total average in over 50 percentile's group of height in both boys and girls. 5. The average of MPH were significantly decreased in top percentiles of children's height distribution. Also, in the upper percentiles of height distribution based on bone age were big in only boys. 6. The body compositions(soft lean mass, body fat mass, percent body fat) were related to body volume growth, which can he measured by weight or BMI. The bone age, bone age-chronological age, and MPH were related in terms of hight. The body volume growth was a little hit related with potential growth.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2005

목 적 : 재태 연령에 따른 신생아 출생체중의 정상치를 아는 것은 자궁내 발육부전과 과출생 체중아를 진단하여 의사들은 고위험 신생아를 조기에 진단하고 치료하여 이들의 유병률과 사망률을 줄일 수 있고, 의료정책 입안자들은 이들에 대한 적절한 의료서비스의 개발과 건강관리 프로그램을 개발하고 시행하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 우리나라의 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중의 기준치를 구하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2001년 1월 1일부터 2003년 12월 31일까지 3년간 통계청의 인구동태자료 중 출생 자료에 기록되어 있는 1,552,375명 중 재태 연령이 24주에서 44주 사이의 단태아 1,509,763명을 대상으로 재태 연령에 따른 평균값과 표준편차를 구하고 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 백분위수를 구하였다. 또한 각 재태 연령별 분포곡선이 정규분포를 따르는지 알아보았다. 이중 정규분포를 따르지 않거나 쌍봉형을 나타내는 재태 연령에서 유한 혼합 모델을 이용하여 오류의 값을 제거하고 다시 평균과 표준편차 그리고 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 백분위수를 구하고 이에 따른 곡선을 그렸다. 결 과 : 원시자료를 통해 얻은 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중 곡선은 27주에서 32주 사이에 심한 혹이 나타난다. 이에 따라 재태 연령별 출생체중의 분포를 그렸을 때 24주에서 27주까지는 우측으로 긴 꼬리를 가지는 치우친 곡선을 보였고 28주에서 32주까지는 상봉형의 곡선을 보였다. 그리고 그 이후에는 거의 정규 분포를 따르는 곡선을 보였다. 이는 33주 미만에서 재태 연령의 기록에 오류가 있음을 나타내는 것으로 저자들은 유한 혼합 모델을 이용해서 재태 연령별 출생체중 분포를 분석한 후 오류의 부분을 제거 후 재태 연령에 따른 출생체중 곡선을 완성하였다. 이렇게 완성된 출생체중 곡선은 Lubchenco 등의 결과에 비해 10 백분위수에서 높은 값을 보였고 노르웨이나 북미의 연구 결과에 비해서는 전반적으로 낮은 값을 보였다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 얻은 재태 연령에 의한 출생체중의 기준치와 곡선은 3년간 우리나라의 출생아 전수를 대상으로 오류를 객관적인 기준에 의해 제거하여 만든 것이다. 그러므로 우리나라를 대표하난 신생아의 재태 연령에 의한 출생체중의 기준 및 자궁내 발육부전이나 과출생 체중아의 진단의 기준으로 사용 할 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2000

We collected age determination cases which were done at Yonsei university dental hospital, department of oral medicine from 1976 to 1999 to analyze it's tendency among Koreans. We analyzed 435 clients cases which were stored by age estimation program from January 1993 to December 1999. The results are as follows: 1. There were no significant difference in the sexual distribution (male : 52.0%, female : 48.0%) and more than half percent (51%) were 20's and 30's. 2. Among the age determination clients, those who wanted to decrease their age (50.3%) and those who wanted to increase their age (49.7%) shows similar in number. And the former case were predominant in the female clients, but the latter case in the male clients. Also the clients below six years of age were predominant in the former case, but the clients more than sixty were predominant in the latter case. 3. The purposes of age correction showed different distribution for ages: job or employment for 20's and 30's, marriage for 20's, registration for school for below six, welfare and other social services for 50 and older. 4. Age was estimated by Nolla's growth stage for 12 and under, calcification of the second and third molar for 12~20, and for 20 and over, Takei's tooth abrasion model was used. 5. The alleged age was in accordance with the documents and other information given by clients, but in the 20.6% of the estimation cases, the alleged age was discarded. In the results of the analysis of age determination cases in Koreans, many of the cases resulted from our historical turbulence and social distinctiveness, causing an increase in the necessity for age correction in each age group. For more accurate determination for each age group, further studies with Koreans must be done continuously.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.21-54
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• 2015

This paper analyzes how and why household debt distribution by the householder age has changed over the past decade both in Korea and the US. Data shows that the proportion of household debt held by younger households has decreased, while that held by older households has increased. Empirical analysis shows that a change in the demographic distribution of householders is the main driving force that has shifted the household debt distribution. Given that demographic aging is an inevitable trend, the proportion of household debt held by older households is also expected to increase. Therefore, the Korean government must preemptively prepare for the household debt problem, especially for debt held by older households, by strengthening macro-prudential policies, preventing asset price deflation, restructuring household debt contract structures, and reforming labor market inflexibility.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.170-181
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• 1999

The aim of this paper was to look at the distribution intensity for the women's formal wear industry. Most of the previous works on the distribution design have stressed product characteristics and consumer's shopping behaviours. The firm especially in women's aopparel industry recently has had difficulty in how to decide and to select the distribution numbers in the domestic market. Thus five hypothesis were set based on the data in '98Korea Fashion Guide describing the brand of women's wear in detail. It has been published by Korea Fashion Association in 1997. The variables of this study were the price the total sale the launching period the target customer's age and brand origins related with domestic or foreign. 579 brands had been analyzed with percentage anova duncan's test pearson's correlation and t-test. the results were as follows: In general the higher the price of the product is the less intensive the distribution of the women's apparel industry is. The higher the total sale is and the younger the target customer's age is the more intensive the distribution of the women's apparel industry is Besides there is difference between the domestic brand and the foreign brand in the distribution intensity. There is no relationship between the launching period of the brand and the distribution intensity. In addition four brand types were classified into the national brand the designer brand the licensed brand and the imported brand. Satatistically variables have shown different relations in terms of each brand type.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.549-561
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to survey and analyze the age classification of women customers as a target market and sizes on a label that were actually produced by each brand in Korean national brands ; they were classified into size for bodice and bottom, and compared with the distribution of national data of women's body measurement. They were analyzed and classified by brand groups of 'miss', 'missy', 'Mrs.'and 'madam', The results were ; 1) It was found that recent products for ready-made for women's clothes tend to be designed with target to the measured ages classified by the range of five or ten years. The main practice was that for 'miss'brand group the age range was of five years, and for 'missy'brand group, ten years. And for 'Mrs'and 'madam'brand groups, it was of 15 or 20 years. So that, it is necessary to design their clothes based on their features of body considering the intervals of age. 2) 'Mrs'and 'madam'groups were most remarkable for their distribution into a vast range of sizes for three control dimensions and waist girth size when compared to 'miss'and 'missy'groups. The distribution of brand size had no relation with that of body measurement, and in particular, none was produced for short height size between 145 and 150 ㎝. For tall height size between 175 and 180 ㎝, many brand sizes were distributed while body measurement was few. It means that distribution of brand size was different from real distribution of body measurement was few. It means that distribution of brand size was different from real distribution of body measurement as a result that the larger the bust girth in such cases over 160 ㎝, the larger the size of hip girth. Even as for the height 155 and 160 ㎝ in which body measurement is concentrated, there were many problems because while sizes of 'large'bust girth and 'small'hip girth had a large distribution, their clothes were not produced.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2022

The Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in Asia. Since the introduction of a universal JE vaccination program and urbanization of Korea, the incidence of JE has dramatically decreased in Korea. However, recent JE cases have occurred, predominantly among unvaccinated adults and with a shift in age distribution. Here we aimed to review the changes in age-specific JE seroprevalence over time and discuss the implications of JE vaccination programs in Korea. Following the last epidemic in 1982-1983, mandatory vaccination for all children aged 3-15 years was conducted annually until 1994. However, JE has reemerged, predominantly affecting unvaccinated adults aged 40 years or older and demonstrating a shift in age distribution toward older populations. The age-specific seroprevalence of the JE virus in Korea has changed noticeably over time. Seropositivity in children and adolescents increased from 10%-59% in the 1970s to 90%-92% in the 1980s after the implementation of the JE vaccination program and increased further to 98% in 2012. No age-specific difference in the seroprevalence of JE was found, and appropriate levels of immunity to JE were maintained for all age groups. Continuous surveillance of the seroprevalence of JE is essential to establish a proper immunization policy in Korea.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to recommend the optimal age for prevention of periodontal disease and to investigate the trend of treatment modality according to different period. From the chart recordings of the patients who had been treated periodontally from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1995 in the dept .of periodontics, Chosun University Dental Hospital, those of the periodontally treated patients on more than 4 sixtants were selected for the present study. The distribution of the patients was counted according to the age group and the gender. And they were divided into 3 groups(group 1: 1987-1958, group 2: 1985-1990, group 3: 1991-1995) by 5 year interval according to the treated year. The periodontal treatment modalities were classified into non-surgical therapy, pocket elimination surgery, regenerative periodontal surgery, mucoginigival surgery, clinical crown lengthening, and others. The results were as follows; 1.In the distribution of the periodontally treated patients according to the age group, 40's age group was the highest, and 30's, 40's, and 50's age groups occupied more than two thirds(73%). 2.The sexual distribution of the periodontally treated patients showed that males(53.4%) were a little more than females(46.6%). Within 20's group female was higher, but within 40's male was higher. 3.Regardless of the age group and the gender, pocket elimination surgery was the most frequent treatment modality. 4.In group 1 and 2(1987-1990) the main treatment modality was pocket elimination surgery and non-surgical therapy, but in group 3(1991-1995) it was regenerative periodontal surgery and pocket elimination surgery. The above results suggest that the prevention of periodontal disease should be initiated from early twenties, and the most frequent treatment modality may be closely related with development of new material and method.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.733-743
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate whether women's wear brands' sizing systems for pants item are reflecting body size and shape of their target age customers. This study classified 17 women's wear brands into three target age groups (20-30s, 30-40s, and 40-50s) and surveyed their body sizing systems of pants item. Distribution of waist circumference and hip circumference of brands' sizing systems were compared with size distribution of women in the 7th Size Korea data. The sizing systems of brands targeting 20-30s covered 28.3% and those of brands targeting 40-50s covered 27.3%, while those of brands targeting 30-40s covers 46.6%. Regarding the body types, 80% of 20-30s target brands reflected normal type which is the average body type. However, all 40-50s target brands reflected normal type while 57.8% of women aged 40-50s had large waist shape. The 30-40s target brands reflected body types the best among target age groups since the body shape distribution of the brands was similar to that of 30-40 year old woman in Size Korea. For each age group, 6 sizes with 25.2~27.8% coverage rates were proposed. The 70-91, 73-91, 73-94 sizes were overlapped between the 20-30s and the 30-40s groups. The 76-91, 76-94, 79-94 sizes were overlapped between the 30-40s and 40-50s groups. Pants size has been found to increase in waist circumference compared to hip circumference as age increased.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate distribution of pattern identification by age in stroke patients. Methods: From 1 April, 2007 to 29 September, 2008, 903 patients within a month after onset of stroke were included. Stroke patients were interviewed by oriental medicine doctors who used standard operation procedures for this study. A questionnaire was completed by a question-and-answer form between patients and doctors after explanation of details to patients and patients' agreement given. Results: Distributions of pattern identification in stroke patients differed by age groups. Dampness-Phlegm pattern was more common in the younger group aged under 80 years, while Yin-Deficiency pattern was more common in the older group aged over 80 years. Conclusions: In this study, we found a character of distribution of pattern identification by age in stroke patients within one month after stroke onset. We have concluded that these differences should be considered in the management and treatment of stroke patients.