• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1573-1582
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• 2015

This study was to investigate the effect of soyabean isoflavones (SIF) on onset of puberty, serum hormone concentration, and gene expression in hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of female Bama miniature pigs. Fifty five, 35-days old pigs were randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups consisting of 11 pigs per treatment. Results showed that dietary supplementation of varying dosage (0, 250, 500, and 1,250 mg/kg) of SIF induced puberty delay of the pigs with the age of puberty of pigs fed basal diet supplemented with 1,250 mg/kg SIF was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Supplementation of SIF or estradiol valerate (EV) reduced (p<0.05) serum gonadotrophin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone concentration, but increased follicle-stimulating hormone concentration in pigs at 4 months of age. The expression of KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor (KISS1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta-5-delta-4 isomerase ($3{\beta}-HSD$) was reduced (p<0.01) in SIF-supplemented groups. Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in the pituitary of miniature pigs was reduced (p<0.05) compared to the control when exposed to 250, 1,250 mg/kg SIF and EV. Pigs on 250 mg/kg SIF and EV also showed reduced (p<0.05) expression of cytochrome P450 19A1 compared to the control. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation of SIF induced puberty delay, which may be due to down-regulation of key genes that play vital roles in the synthesis of steroid hormones.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

Background: Psoriasis is a multifactorial autoimmune skin disease with a pathogenesis that has remained obscure. Recently, T cells bearing natural killer receptors (NKRs) were precisely and strongly targeted as new putative pathogenic immunocytes in psoriasis. Among NKRs, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) is the major molecule recognizing HLA class I allotypes and might be closely related to psoriasis. Methods: To investigate the association of KIR genotype and patients with psoriasis in Korean, we defined the 14 KIR genotypes in 96 patients with psoriasis and 86 healthy controls using PCR-SSP methods. Results: The frequencies of KIR2DS4 and KIR3DL1 were significantly decreased in psoriasis compared with controls (RR=0.21, p<0.02). When patients were divided into two subgroups at the age of onset, type I (<30 years) and type II ($({\geq}30$ years) respectively, these phenomena were similarly observed independent of groups divided (type I: RR=0.26, p<0.005; type II: RR=0.14, p<0.0006). When the patients were divided into subgroups according to the age of onset and family history, the frequencies of KIR2DS4, KIR3DL1, and KIR2DS3 were significantly decreased in type I compared with type II psoriasis (3DL1, 2DS4: p<0.004; 2DS3: p<0.04) and were significantly decreased in psoriasis without family history compared to with family history (3DL1, 2DS4: p<0.007; 2DS3: p<0.05). The frequency of haplotype combination BB was significantly increased in psoriasis compared with controls (RR=2.74, p<0.009). Conclusion: These results suggest that KIR genotype is a factor for the occurrence and development of psoriasis and in future how combinations of HLA and KIR genes influence psoriasis needs to be defined.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2083-2087
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• 2014

Colorectal cancers remain to be a common cause of cancer-related death. Early-onset cases as well as those of various ethnic origins have aggressive clinical features, the basis of which requires further exploration. The aim of this work was to examine the expression patterns of $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 in colorectal carcinoma of different ethnic origins. Fifty-five sporadic colorectal carcinoma of Egyptian origin, 25 of which were early onset, and 54 cancers of Finnish origin were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4 proteins. Data were compared to the methylation status of the $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor. $p15^{INK4b}$ was totally lost or deficient (lost in ${\geq}50%$ of tumor cell) in 47/55 (85%) tumors of Egyptian origin as compared to 6/50 (12%) tumors of Finnish origin (p=7e-15). In the Egyptian cases with $p15^{INK4b}$ loss and available $p15^{INK4b}$ promotor methylation status, 89% of cases which lost $p15^{INK4b}$ expression were associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation. SMAD4 was lost or deficient in 25/54 (46%) tumors of Egyptian origin and 28/48 (58%) tumors of Finnish origin. 22/54 (41%) Egyptian tumors showed combined loss/deficiency of both $p15^{INK4b}$ and SMAD4, while $p15^{INK4b}$ was selectively lost/deficient with positive SMAD4 expression in 24/54 (44%) tumors. Loss of $p15^{INK4b}$ was associated with older age at presentation (>50 years) in the Egyptian tumors (p=0.04). These data show for the first time that $p15^{INK4b}$ loss of expression marks a subset of colorectal cancers and ethnic origin may play a role in this selection. In a substantial number of cases, the loss was independent of SMAD4 but rather associated with $p15^{INK4b}$ gene promotor hypermethylation and old age which could be related to different environmental exposures.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2003

목적: 한국인 젊은 여성 유방암 환자에서 유방암 유전자 (BRCA)가 예후인자가 될 수 있는지 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 대학병원에서 치료를 받은 환자 중에서 유방암이나 난소암의 가족력과 관계없이 40세 이하의 환자를 선택하였다. 환자의 나이는 18~40세이었고 중앙값은 34.5세이었다. 환자의 말초혈액에서 림프구를 모아 DNA를 추출하였으며 BRCA1과 BRCA2의 모든 염기 중에서 기능과 관계 있는 부위의 DNA를 직접염기서열 결정방식으로 검사하였다. 조직표본 검사가 가능한 환자는 면역화학조직검사를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 60명의 환자 중에서 유방암 발생과 직접 관계가 있는 돌연변이가 11개(18.3%) 있었고(BRCA1 6명, BRCA2 5명), 의미를 알기가 곤란한 돌연변이가 7개 있었으며 반 수 이상의 돌연변이는 이제까지 보고되지 않은 것이었다. 그리고 대부분의 돌연변이 환자는 유방암이나 난소암의 가족력이 관찰되지 않았다. 유방암 유전자 돌연변이 환자는 한 명도 치료의 실패가 없었으며 한 면에서 반대측 유방암이 발생하였다. 7년 무병 생존율은 돌연변이 환자에서 50%, 돌연변이와 관계가 없는 환자에서 79%이었고 차이는 없었다. BRCA 관련 종양에서 에스트로젠, 프로제스테론 수용체 음성의 비율이 높았으며 조직학적 분화도가 낮았으나 예후는 비교대상에 비해 나쁘지 않았다. 결론: 한국의 젊은 여성 유방암 환자는 예후가 인자가 있어도 재발률이 낮았으며 유전자 돌연변이 이환율이 높았으나 암의 발현율은 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 추정되었다 이 결과를 확인하기 위해 더 많은 환자 집단과 오랜 추적기간의 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7547-7554
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• 2015

Background: The use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) among women is increasing in India, especially among those with limited education and resources. Preventing the initiation of SLT among women is critical since it has known negative consequences for oral and reproductive health. Most research on tobacco initiation in India focuses on adolescents. This paper addresses the unrecognized issues of post marital initiation among women of reproductive age, highlighting the importance of reproductive stages in women's tobacco initiation. The objective is to examine the correlates of SLT initiation among low income women in Mumbai from pre-marriage through early marriage, first pregnancy and beyond, using case examples to illustrate initiation during each of these stages. Materials and Methods: In 2011-2012, cross-sectional community level survey data were collected from a representative sample of 409 daily SLT-using married women aged 18-40 years in a low income community in Mumbai. Information on socio-demographics, initiation by reproductive stage, types of tobacco use, childhood exposure to tobacco, learning to use, and initiation influences and reasons were collected through a researcher-administered survey. Univariate and bivariate analysis assessed factors influencing initiation of SLT use by reproductive stage. In addition 42 narratives of tobacco use were collected from a purposive sample of pregnant and non-pregnant married women addressing the same questions in detail. Narratives were transcribed, translated, and coded for key concepts including initiation of tobacco use. Results: Thirty-two percent of women initiated SLT use before marriage, 44% initiated after marriage but before pregnancy, 18.1% initiated during their first pregnancy and the remainder started after their first pregnancy. Mean age of marriage among women in this study was 16 years. Younger women (i.e. age at time of the interview of less than 30 years) were 0.47 [95% CI (0.32, 0.87)] percent less likely to initiate after marriage than women aged more than 30 years. Women who got married before 18 years of age were 2.34 [95% CI (1.40, 3.93)] times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Childhood exposure was a predictor for initiating SLT use prior to marriage but not after. Women reporting tooth and gum pain were 1.85 times more likely to initiate after marriage than their counterparts. Husband and neighbours were the most significant influences on post-marital initiation. Narratives highlighted differences in processes of initiation pre and post marriage and during pregnancy. Conclusions: Most tobacco prevention interventions are directed to adolescents in school. This study suggests that especially for low literate or illiterate women, school based interventions are ineffective. To be effective strategies to prevent SLT initiation must reach women in urban areas at or immediately after marriage and during their first pregnancy. Messages must negate culturally rooted beliefs about the health benefits of SLT in order to prevent initiation and onset of daily use.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7467-7472
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is known to be one of the most prevalent cancers among women in both developing and developed countries. The incidence of breast cancer in Pakistan has increased dramatically within the last few years and is the second country after Israel in Asia to have highest proportional cases of breast cancer. However, there are limited data for breast cancer available in the literature from Pakistan. Objectives: The study was conducted to bring to light the common clinical presentation of breast cancer and to evaluate the frequency of established risk factors in breast carcinoma patients and furthermore to compare the findings between premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A 6 months (from July 2012 to Dec 2012) cross sectional survey was conducted in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. Data were collected though a well developed questionnaire from 105 female patients diagnosed with carcinoma of breast and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Institutional ethical approval was obtained prior to data collection. Results: Out of 105 patients, 43 were premenopausal and 62 were postmenopausal, 99 being married. Mean age at diagnosis was $47.8{\pm}12.4years$. A painless lump was the most frequent symptom, notived by 77.1%(n=81). Some 55.2% (n=58) patients had a lump in the right breast and 44.8%(n=47) in the left breast. In the majority of cases, the lump was present in upper outer quadrant 41.9% (n=44). Mean period of delay from appearance of symptoms to consulting a doctor was $5.13{\pm}4.8months$, from the shortest 1 month to the longest 36 months. Long delay (> 3 months) was the most frequent figure 41.9%. Considering overall risk factors most frequent were first pregnancy after 20 years of age (41%), physical breast trauma (28.6%), lack of breast feeding(21.9%), and early menarche <11 years (19%), followed by null parity (16.2%), consumption of high fat diet (15.2%), family history of breast cancer or any other cancer in first degree relatives (9.5% and 13.3%, respectively). Some of the less common factors were late menopause >54 years (8.6%), use of oral contraceptive pills (10.5%), use of hormone replacement therapy (4.7%),smoking (4.7%) and radiation (0.96%). Significant differences (p<0.005) were observed between pre and post menopausal women regarding history of physical breast trauma, practice of breast feeding and parity. Conclusions: A painless lump was the most frequent clinical presentation noted. Overall age at first child > 20 years, physical breast trauma, lack of breast feeding, early menarche <11 were the most frequent risk factors. Physical breast trauma, lower parity, a trend for less breast feeding had more significant associations with pre-menopausal than post-menopausal onset. Increase opportunity of disease prevention can be obtained through better understanding of clinical presentation and risk factors important in the etiology of breast cancer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.183-203
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• 2004

Objective : Tension-type headache is the most common headache. The objective of this study is to find the clinical manifestation of tension-type headache and correlation with autonomic bioelectric response. Methods : This observation was carried out on 60 patients with tension-type headache. We used headache questionnaire and the Autonomic Bioelectric Response recoder(ABR-2000) for this study. Results : 1. Distribution of sex & age : male : female=5 : 7, 50s&60s group (28.3%) 2. Duration of onset : over 5years(50%), over one years(83.4%) 3. Causes of illness : stress(58.3%), severe fatigue(53.5%), tension(33.3%) 4. Time of attack : irregular(56.7%), day time(16.7%) 5. Pattern of pain: heavy(31 people), stiffness of occipital region (27 people) tightening around the head(25 people) 6. Curve : 40%, 56.7%, 35.0% SL(Slope low) at peak 1, 2, 3/ SH&SI not found 7. Regulation : 16.7% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 1, 25% RH(Regulation high) at peak 2, 15% RR(Regulation reverse) at peak 3 8. Graph : Activity-60.0%, 70.0%, 63.3% lowered reaction(L, LR, L!) at peak 1, 2, 3 Reactivity-83.3%, 95.0%, 93.3% lowered reaction at peak 1, 2, 3 Conclusion : We find tension-type headache has remarkable relativeness with autonomic bioelectric response.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2001

This study estimated the burden of disease due to hypertension in Korea in disability-adjusted life years(DALYs) using vital registration data and the National Health Examination Survey data. Firstly, we estimated the years life lost due to premature death (YLLs) of hypertension using the vital registration data. Secondly, to calculate the years lived with disability (YLDs), we estimated the average age at onset and disease duration using the National Health Examination Survey data. The disability weights for hypertension were estimated by person trade off method. Finally, the burden of hypertension was calculated in DALYs, which are the sum of YLLs and YLDs. The burden of hypertension for males was attributed mainly to YLD(97.9%). DALYs for females were also attributed mainly to YLD(96.7%). DALYS for males were 993,950 person-years and for females were 743,282 person-years. Results of this study provide a rational basis to plan a national health policy regarding the disease burden of hypertension in Korea. We will need accurate epidemiological study results and other study results of national burden of disease in Korea to get more accurate results of this burden of disease study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2004

Objective: This study was to evaluate the influence of stress on Peripheral Facial Paralysis during the complex traditional korean medical treatment. Methods: We investigated 41 cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis who were given the complex traditional korean medical treatment. one group had stress as main factor, the other group didn't it. we evaluated the treatment effect of each group by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System. Results : 1. In age, sex, lesion, duration of disease, frequency of treatment, duration of treatment, we found that two groups have no significant differences. 2. Pain back of the ear showed the highest frequency in symptoms at onset. 3. Boyangwhanotang showed the highest frequency in oriental herb medicine treatment. 4. As a result of evaluation by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System, treatment score after 2weeks was marked more higher than score before treatment and treatment score after final treatment was more higher than treatment score after 2weeks on each groups. 5. After final treatment, Non-stress group had signficant result on Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with stress group. Conclusion : These results suggested that patient with Non-stress group should be get better than stress group.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.183-189
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• 1977

There has been an alarming rise in the incidence of carcinoma of the lung in the world. The increase of the disease has been greater in men than in women, but even in women the rate has doubled in the last 20 years. During the 20 year period 1957 through 1976, 33 women with proven primary carcinoma of the lung were treated at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. During the period of survey, 170 consecutive cases of primary bronchogenic carcinoma were encountered in men, a male to female ratio of 5.2: 1. Ages of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in women ranged from twenty-seven to sixty-eight years and most of them were over 40 years of age. The duration between the onset of symptoms and admission was about 9 months and the most common complaints were cough [66.6%], chest pain [60.6%], hemoptysis [48.4%] and dyspnea [45.4%]. Bronchogenic carcinoma developed most frequently in the upper lobes, and twelve [36.3%] of cases were squamous cell type, nine [27.2%] were anaplastic cell type, six [18.2%] were adenocarcinoma, one was alveolar cell type and five were unclassified type, in contrast to the usual predominence of adenocarcinoma among women in other reports. One half of the patients were inoperable and resection was feasible in only 24.2 per cent of the patients. There was no operative mortality but one case had bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy. Most patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in women were from large cities. Cigarette smoking appeared to be related to the occurrence of the squamous cell and anaplastic cell carcinoma because all heavy smokers had squamous cell or anaplastic cell carcinoma.