• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.515-527
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• 2017

Recently, Friction dampers become popular due to the desirable performance in the energy dissipation of lateral loads. A lot of research which has been conducted on these dampers results in developing friction dampers with low sensitivity to the number of cycles and temperature increases. Friction dampers impose high residual drifts to the buildings because of low post-yield stiffness of the damper which results from increasing lateral displacement and period of buildings. This issue can be more critical under strong aftershocks which results in increasing of structural damages. In this paper, in addition to the assessment of aftershock on steel buildings equipped with friction dampers, methods for controlling residual drifts and decreasing the costs of retrofitting are investigated. Utilizing rigid connections as a lateral dual system and activating lateral stiffness of gravity columns by adding elastic braces are as an example of effective methods investigated in this research. The results of nonlinear time history analyses on the low to medium rise steel frames equipped with friction dampers illustrate a rise in residual drifts as the result of aftershocks. In addition, the results show that different slip loads of friction damper can affect the residual drifts. Furthermore, elastic stories in comparison to rigid connections can reduce residual drifts of buildings in an effective fashion, when most slip loads of friction dampers are considered.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

2016년 9월 12일 경주지진(규모 5.8)의 103개 여진의 진원 깊이를 HYPO71과 HYPOINVERSE를 이용한 진원 재결정을 통하여 역산하였다. 한반도에서 지역에 따라 변화하는 속도를 나타내는 7개 모델을 비교한 분석에서 전구간 선형가중치를 둔 HYPO71이 HYPOINVERSE에 비해 진앙 부근 모델이 잔차가 더 적은, 바람직한 결과를 얻었다. 규모가 큰 지진과 S파 진앙거리가 짧은 지진자료는 진원깊이 불확실성이 비교적 작게 관찰되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.621-631
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• 2024

In designing earthquake-resistant structures, we traditionally select dynamic loads based on the recurrence period of earthquakes, using individual seismic records or aligning them with the design spectrum. However, these records often represent isolated waveforms lacking continuity, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of natural seismic phenomena. The Earth's crustal movement, both before and after a significant earthquake, can trigger a series of both minor and major seismic events. These minor earthquakes, which often occur in short time before or after the major seismic events, prompt a critical reassessment of their potential impact on structural design. In this study, we conducted a detailed tunnel response analysis to assess the impact of both single mainshock and multiple earthquake scenarios (including foreshock-mainshock and mainshock-aftershock sequences). Utilizing numerical analysis, we explored how multiple earthquakes affect tunnel deformation. Our findings reveal that sequential seismic events, even those of moderate magnitude, can exert considerable stress on tunnel lining, resulting in heightened bending stress and permanent displacement. This research highlights a significant insight: current seismic design methodologies, which predominantly focus on the largest seismic intensity, may fail to account for the cumulative impact of smaller, yet frequent, seismic events like foreshocks and aftershocks. Our results demonstrate that dynamic analyses considering only a single mainshock are likely to underestimate the potential damage (i.e., ovaling deformation, failure lining, permanent displacement etc.) when compared to analyses that incorporate multiple earthquake scenarios.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.234-239
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• 2013

2011년 3월 11일에 일본 토호쿠 앞바다에서 규모 9.0의 대지진이 발생하였고 이는 전 세계 지진관측망뿐 아니라 IMS(International Monitoring System)에서 운영하는 하와이 수중음향 관측망에도 기록되었다. 우리는 이 대지진을 비롯한 두개의 규모 7 이상의 여진의 수중음향 자료에 대하여 방위각 및 스펙트럼 분석을 통해 복잡한 지진원에서 발생한 T 파의 특성을 파악하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 복잡한 단층 파열 현상이 직접적으로 T 파의 형태에 영향을 미치는 것을 관측하였고, 빠른 단층 파열 과정에 의하여 발생한 T 파가 중첩되는 구간에서 큰 에너지가 기록된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 두 여진에서 발생한 T 파를 비교한 결과 단층 종류와 깊이에 의해 T 파의 형태와 주파수 특성이 변하는 것을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.345-367
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• 2015

Past earthquakes have signaled the increased collapse vulnerability of mainshock-damaged bridge piers and urgent need of repair interventions prior to subsequent cascading hazard events, such as aftershocks, triggered by the mainshock (MS). The overarching goal of this study is to quantify the collapse vulnerability of mainshock-damaged substandard RC bridge piers rehabilitated with different repair jackets (FRP, conventional thick steel and hybrid jacket) under aftershock (AS) attacks of various intensities. The efficacy of repair jackets on post-MS resilience of repaired bridges is quantified for a prototype two-span single-column bridge bent with lap-splice deficiency at column-footing interface. Extensive number of incremental dynamic time history analyses on numerical finite element bridge models with deteriorating properties under back-to-back MS-AS sequences were utilized to evaluate the efficacy of different repair jackets on the post-repair behavior of RC bridges subjected to AS attacks. Results indicate the dramatic impact of repair jacket application on post-MS resilience of damaged bridge piers-up to 45.5 % increase of structural collapse capacity-subjected to aftershocks of multiple intensities. Besides, the efficacy of repair jackets is found to be proportionate to the intensity of AS attacks. Moreover, the steel jacket exhibited to be the most vulnerable repair intervention compared to CFRP, irrespective of the seismic sequence (severe MS-severe or moderate AS) or earthquake type (near-fault or far-fault).

• 지질공학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 1992

난수 발생 방법을 이용하여 시간과 규모의 영역에서 일련의 지진 발생에 대해 가상 수치 계산을 수행 했다. 가상 수치 계산의 이론은 지진 발생에 관련된 두 종류의 통계적 모델에 기초 하였다. 이들 모델들은 각기 독립적으로 발생하는 지진에 관련된 고정 포아송 처리와 여진에 관련된 분기 마르코프 처리등이다. 계산된 일련의 지진 발생들은 실제 발생한 지지의 목록과 유사함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.430-433
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• 2006

Damage to earth structures for roads, railways and residential areas, as well as dams and river levees, during the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake in Japan, and their rehabilitation works are overviewed. Several influential factors are pointed out, such as a) heavy rainfall preceding the earthquake, b) large aftershocks, c) geological conditions for subsoil including existence of liquefiable layers, d) compaction degrees for embankment, and e) drainage capacity from subsoil/embankments. It is also reported that, in the reconstruction works of damaged roads and railways, preferred use of geogrid-reinforced soil retaining walls was implemented.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

In damage investigation of building structures suffering from earthquake, estimation of residual seismic capacity is essential in order to access the safety of the building against aftershocks and to judge the necessity of repair and restoration. It has been proposed that an evaluation method for post-earthquake seismic capacity of reinforced concrete buildings based. on the residual energy dissipation capacity (the residual seismic capacity ratio )in lateral force-displacement curve of structural members. The proposed method was adopted in the Japanese 'Damage Level Classification Standard' revised in 200l. To evaluate the residual seismic capacity of RC column, experimental tests with positive and negative cyclic loading was carried out using RC building column specimen. Parameters used by the experiment are deformability and member proportion. From the test results, it is appropriated that the residual seismic capacity of RC buildings damaged by earthquakes is evaluated using the method in the Guideline.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.437-452
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• 2012

The Tohoku earthquake (Mw9.0) occurred on March 11, 2011 and caused a large tsunami. The Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP (F1-NPP) were overwhelmed by the tsunami and core damage occurred. This paper describes the overview of F1-NPP accident and the usability of tsunami PRA at Tohoku earthquake. The paper makes reference to the following current issues: influence on seismic hazard of gigantic aftershocks and triggered earthquakes, concepts for evaluating core damage frequency considering common cause failure with correlation coefficient against seismic event at multi units and sites, and concepts of "seismic-tsunami PSA" considering a combination of seismic motion and tsunami effects.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2019

Masonry structures in the rural areas of Turkey often damaged due to moderate and big earthquakes. After every earthquake many scientists made field investigations on the earthquake performance of these structures and gave many useful information on construction techniques. However, the newly constructed masonry buildings are still not suitable for the suggested techniques, and they are still in danger against future earthquakes. Five moderate earthquakes of moment magnitude Mw 5.3, 5.3, 5.2, 5.0, and 5.3 struck the Ayvacik-Çanakkale District of Turkey between 6 and 12 February, 2017. More than a thousand of aftershocks were occurred and most of the masonry buildings in the villages nearby main shock epicenter were affected. The author went to the earthquake field and investigated the earthquake performances of masonry structures. This paper presents the recorded acceleration data, acceleration response spectra, and the seismological aspects of these earthquakes. Besides, case studies of damaged stone masonry buildings, and failure mechanisms are discussed with illustrated photos which were taken during the field investigations. It is concluded that the damaged masonry buildings were not designed and constructed properly in accordance with the Turkish building codes or similar specifications.